Questões de Inglês

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Is there a scientific explanation for
out-of-body experiences?

 

    Imagine feeling as though you are floating above your body, looking down upon your physical self. Some argue that such out-of-body experiences (OBEs) prove that the conscious mind — or even the soul — can leave the body. Supporting this interpretation, people who have survived a near-death experience often recall experiencing this out-ofbody sensation — as if their spiritual essence had separated from their corporeal existence.

    However, the scientific explanation for OBEs is more terrestrial. Neuroscientists and psychologists believe it has to do with neural processes going wrong. In those who come close to death, such as cardiac arrest survivors, it is the lack of oxygen to the brain, and the release of certain neurochemicals triggered by trauma, that interferes with the sensory functions that support our usual feelings of embodiment. People’s recollections of seeing themselves from above — such as observing surgeons working on their body — could be a form of hallucination or false memory, as they try to make sense of their experiences.

    Researchers have induced out-of-body states in healthy volunteers simply by confusing their sensory systems. For instance, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm asked volunteers to wear goggles that showed the perspective of a camera placed behind them (so that they could see themselves from behind). When a researcher prodded the camera with a baton at the same time as prodding the person’s chest, the volunteer had the sensation that they were floating behind their physical body. The fact it is possible to induce an OBE argues against more mystical explanations.

(Christian Jarret. www.sciencefocus.com, 2019. Adaptado.)

O termo “however” torna explícita a relação entre o primeiro e segundo parágrafos e indica

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Is there a scientific explanation for
out-of-body experiences?

 

    Imagine feeling as though you are floating above your body, looking down upon your physical self. Some argue that such out-of-body experiences (OBEs) prove that the conscious mind — or even the soul — can leave the body. Supporting this interpretation, people who have survived a near-death experience often recall experiencing this out-ofbody sensation — as if their spiritual essence had separated from their corporeal existence.

    However, the scientific explanation for OBEs is more terrestrial. Neuroscientists and psychologists believe it has to do with neural processes going wrong. In those who come close to death, such as cardiac arrest survivors, it is the lack of oxygen to the brain, and the release of certain neurochemicals triggered by trauma, that interferes with the sensory functions that support our usual feelings of embodiment. People’s recollections of seeing themselves from above — such as observing surgeons working on their body — could be a form of hallucination or false memory, as they try to make sense of their experiences.

    Researchers have induced out-of-body states in healthy volunteers simply by confusing their sensory systems. For instance, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm asked volunteers to wear goggles that showed the perspective of a camera placed behind them (so that they could see themselves from behind). When a researcher prodded the camera with a baton at the same time as prodding the person’s chest, the volunteer had the sensation that they were floating behind their physical body. The fact it is possible to induce an OBE argues against more mystical explanations.

(Christian Jarret. www.sciencefocus.com, 2019. Adaptado.)

According to the text,

Text

“Human Infestation” is presented by the “doctor” as

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1,000 Days Help Shape a Lifetime

 

The time from conception to age two is the most critical period of development in the life of any individual.

 

During these 1,000 days, the foundation is laid in a child’s brain for processing information, learning language, developing and enhancing motor skills and other functions that are critically important later in life.

 

If children and their mothers do not get proper nutrition in those critical 1,000 days, we have missed our opportunity to help ensure those children reach their full potential. Unfortunately this happens all too often.

 

Stunting the World’s Potential

 

Stunting is what happens to a child’s brain and body when they don’t get the right kind of food or nutrients, particularly in the 1000 days between conception and their second birthday. Stunted children have a low height for age but it goes beyond just physical height – organs may not fully develop and cognitive development may suffer

 

The damage can be irreversible. That child may never learn, nor earn, as much as they could have if properly nourished in early life.

 

162 million children in the world are stunted with life-long consequences including weakened immune systems, and a risk of not reaching their full potential.

 

“Stunted” is really just code for lost potential – lost to the person, lost to their families and communities, and lost to the world.

 

The fight against poverty can never be won while entire generations are stunted, and with their development potential limited because they don’t have access to good nutrition, as well as prevention and treatment to common childhood illnesses.

 

Nutrition International’s belief that simply surviving is not enough drives our work in Child Health, Growth and Development. We want to increase the number of children, particularly those under the age of two, who thrive by making sure they get the essential vitamins and minerals they need to promote their optimal health, growth and development.

 

Our work in this area includes Infant and Young Child Nutrition and iron supplementation for children.

Available at: . Accessed on: September 2nd, 2019.

According to the text, the occurrence of infants’ malnutrition from conception to age two

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The Amazon rainforest is burning at a scary rate. French President Emmanuel Macron said the record number of fires is an "international crisis". There has been an 85 per cent increase in fires this year. Mr Macron said urgent action is needed. He said the fires should be top ofthe agenda atthe G7 summit of world leaders. He tweeted about how serious the fires are. He wrote: "Our house is burning. Literally. The Amazon rain
forest - the lungs which produce 20% of our planet's oxygen - is on fire. It is an international crisis.”

German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the fires an “acute emergency”. She said they were "shocking". She added that the fires threatened Brazil, its neighbors, and the whole world. The UK leader Boris Johnson called the fires "hearibreaking". He said: We stand ready to provide whatever help we can to bring them under control and help protect one of Earth's greatest wonders." UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said: "In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected.”

Disponível em: http//:brakingnewsenglish.com. Acesso em: 23 out. 2019.

Na sentença, “we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity, O verbo em negrito é classificado como verbo:

Read the music “No matter what” by Calum Scott and answer the question that follow:

 

When I was a young boy I was scared of growing up
I didn't understand it but I was terrified of love
Felt like I had to choose but it was outta my control
I needed to be saved, I was going crazy on my own
Took me years to tell my mother, I expected the worst
I gathered all the courage in the world
She said, "I love you no matter what
I just want you to be happy and always be who you are"
She wrapped her arms around me
Said, "Don't try to be what you're not
'Cause I love you no matter what"
She loves me no matter what

 

In the sentence: “She wrapped her arms around me”, is correct to replace, whithout lost the meaning, by: