Questões de Inglês

EYE SCAN THAT DETECTS PROTEIN IN RETINA COULD AID IN QUICKER ALZHEIMER’S DIAGNOSES, NEW STUDY REPORTS

 

In the future, doctors may diagnose Alzheimer’s disease by scanning a patient’s eyes — thanks to new
evidence that telltale plaques of amyloid-beta are present not only in the brain, but also in the retina.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles have developed a method to noninvasively
detect amyloid deposits in the eye, potentially allowing for a diagnosis even before symptoms
[5] appear. Their report, “Retinal amyloid pathology and proof-of-concept imaging trial in Alzheimer’s
disease,” described the results of a small proof-of-concept clinical trial that tested an eye imaging
method specifically developed for the study. The work appeared in the journal JCI Insight.
“The findings suggest that the retina may serve as a reliable source for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis,”
Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, the study’s principal investigator and associate professor at Cedars-Sinai,
[10] said in a press release.
Until recently, the only way to positively diagnose Alzheimer’s was by analyzing a patient’s brain
after death to detect the diagnostic feature of the disease: aggregates of amyloid-beta in the
brain. More recently, researchers started using a brain imaging method called positron emission
tomography (PET) to visualize the plaque in living people. But the method requires the use of a
[15] radioactive tracer, and is neither cheap nor adapted for repeated use.
In 2011, the team discovered that — just as the eye is considered to be a mirror of the soul — the
eye’s retina was a mirror of the brain, at least in terms of amyloid deposits.
In the new study, researchers built on these insights by developing a method to track changes by
eye imaging. They did so with curcumin, the main component of the spice turmeric. Curcumin,
[20] which study participants drank, entered the amyloid plaque and lit up in the eye scan.
“One of the major advantages of analyzing the retina is the repeatability, which allows us to monitor
patients and potentially the progression of their disease,” said Koronyo-Hamaoui.
In the study process, the research team discovered that amyloid deposits were also present in
peripheral areas of the retina, which they had previously overlooked. Moreover, the amount of
[25] amyloid plaque in the retina correlated with the amyloid burden in specific brain regions.
“Now we know exactly where to look to find the signs of Alzheimer’s disease as early as possible,”
said research associate Yosef Koronyo, first author on the study.
Added Dr. Keith L. Black, chair of Cedars-Sinai’s Department of Neurosurgery and director of the
Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute: “Our hope is that eventually the investigational eye scan
[30] will be used as a screening device to detect the disease early enough to intervene and change the
course of the disorder with medications and lifestyle changes.”

MAGDALENA KEGEL Adaptado de alzeihmersnewstoday. com, 21/08/2017.

which they had previously overlooked (l. 24)

 

In the fragment above, the underlined word means that researchers

Text

'I am not afraid" Barcelona holds peace march after terror attacks

Angela Dewan, CNN

 

 

[1] Half a million people took part in a colorful peace protest in Barcelona on Saturday after Spain's Catalonia region was hit with two terror

[2] attacks that killed 16 people.

[3] The march was organized with the hashtag #NoTincPor -- Catalan for "I am not afraid" -- a slogan shouted repeatedly by the protesters

[4] as they made their way down the Passeig de Gràcia shopping avenue. Spanish King Felipe VI and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy attended

[5] the protest. Protesters held signs saying "No to Islamophobia" as they marched alongside members of the city's Muslim communi ty.

[6] Some Muslim marchers held signs reading "I am Muslim. I am not a terrorist," and "Islam is peace." "The solution is peace. Peace is

[7] equal for all," one protester told CNN Espanol. Another woman in the crowd looked dejected and said simply, "it's enough already."

[8] Marchers handed roses to the police and paramedics to thank them for their response to the attacks, and some adorned their vehicles

[9] with the flowers.

[10] The Catalan Police confirmed that around 500,000 people attended the protests. On its Twitter account, police posted pictures of the

[11] march and wrote: "Today there is only one message and it is the rejection of terrorism. Respect all cultures and let's say #Imnotaf raid

[12] #NoTincPor."

[13] Protesters also added their tributes to a mountain of roses laid at Las Ramblas, where a driver plowed a van into crowds on August 17,

[14] killing 14 people and leaving more than 100 others injured.

[15] Police believe 22-year-old Morrocan national Younes Abouyaaqoub was the driver in the attack. He is also accused of killing a man as

[16] he hijacked a vehicle to escape the attack scene. Abouyaaqoub was killed during a police operation on Monday.

[17] Another victim died in a second attack in the early hours of August 18, when a vehicle mowed down pedestrians in the coastal town of

[18] Cambrils. Five assailants in the car were shot dead by police at the scene. They and Abouyaaqoub were wearing fake suicide belts when

[19] they were killed, police said.

(Retrieved and adapted from http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/27/europe/barcelona-demonstration-spain-attacks/index.html. Access on September 1st, 2017).

 

Answer the question according to Text.

The only piece of information about Younes which is not in the text is

Recommended Travel Guides

 

VISITING JAPAN Japan

is one of the world's best travel destinations. There are incomparable natural wonders like Mount Fuji and Yaku Shima Island; world-class cities like Tokyo and Osaka; UNESCO World Heritage sites like Himeji castle and Gingaku temple; and a mysterious culture.

Unfortunately, most budget travelers don't visit Japan because they figure it's too expensive. What they, and perhaps you, don't know is that a vacation in Japan can be quite affordable.

 

VISITING EUROPE

 

If you were to ask U.S. travelers where they would most want to go on a big trip, they would most likely say that Europe is their number one choice. However, many travelers think that anywhere outside of the country is too expensive and unattainable. That’s simply not true, but American travelers aren’t sure how to reach their vacation goals sooner rather than later. By knowing when to travel, you can save almost half off a traditional vacation to a European destination.

Available at: https://www.save70.com/?utm_source=clicktraffic_flights_ob_23. Accessed on April, 14th 2018. Adapted.

 

According to the text:

Ticket To Ride

 

 John Lennon / Paul Mccartney

 

I think I'm gonna be sad
I think it's today Yeah
The girl that's drivin' me mad
Is goin' away

 

She's got a ticket to ride
She's got a ticket to ride
She's got a ticket to ride
But she don't care

 

She said that livin' with me
Was bringin' her down
Yeah
She would never be free
When I was around

 

She's got a ticket to ride
She's got a ticket to ride
She's got a ticket to ride
But she don't care

 

I don't know why she's ridin' so high
She ought to think twice
She ought to do right by me
Before she gets to sayin' goodbye
She ought to think twice
She ought to do right by me

Available at: https://www.letras.mus.br/the-beatles/251/traducao.html. Accessed on March, 31st 2018. Adapted.

 

There is a poetic license in:

O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.

 

  The UN Refugee Agency’s annual Global Trends study found that 65.6 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide at the end of 2016 – a total bigger than the population of the United Kingdom and about 300,000 more than last year.

  It noted that the pace at which people are becoming displaced remains very high. On average, 20 people were driven from their homes every minute last year, or one every three seconds.

  In each of the past five years, annual increases to the global displacement total have been in the millions. While the 2016 total is high – representing an enormous number of people needing protection worldwide – it also shows that growth in displacement slowed last year.

  The total figure includes 40.3 million people uprooted within the borders of their own countries, about 500,000 fewer than in 2015. Meanwhile, the total number seeking asylum globally was 2.8 million.

  However, the total seeking safety across international borders as refugees topped 22.5 million, the highest number seen since UNHCR was founded in 1950 in the aftermath of the Second World War.

  The conflict in Syria, was the world’s biggest producer of refugees (5.5 million). However in 2016 the biggest new factor was South Sudan, where the disastrous break-off of peace efforts in July of that year contributed to an outflow of 737,400 people by the end of the year. That number has continued to rise during the first half of 2017.

  Nyawet Tut, a South Sudanese mother of five in her 30s, described the situation:

  “My husband was killed in the war which, in addition to the shortage of food, made me decide to leave my home, everything, behind,” she told UNHCR staff during an interview at a temporary way station in Ethiopia.

  In terms of overall displacement, Syria still accounts for the biggest numbers, with 12 million people (65 per cent of the population) displaced internally or living outside the country as refugees.

  Particularly heartbreaking is the plight of children, who make up half the world’s refugees, and continue to bear a disproportionate burden of the suffering, mainly because of their heightened vulnerability.

  Tragically, 75,000 asylum claims were received from children travelling alone or separated from their parents, among them youngsters like Tareq, 16, who dodged armed combatants to walk out of Syria into neighbouring Turkey.

  “There was no future where we lived”, he told UNHCR. “There was no university and no work. There were troops grabbing young children like me, and they send them to war, and they get killed. I wanted to study”.

  Last year, much of the news coverage focused on refugee resettlement to developed countries, including efforts by some states to restrict access and even erect border barriers.

  However, figures in the report showed that, worldwide, most refugees – 84 per cent – were in developing or middle-income countries at the end of 2016, with one in every three (4.9 million people) being hosted by the world’s least developed countries.

  This huge imbalance reflects several things including the lack of consensus internationally when it comes to hosting refugees, and the proximity of many poor countries to regions of conflict.

  It also illustrates the need for countries and communities supporting refugees and other displaced people to be properly resourced and supported, the absence of which can cause instability, have consequences for life-saving humanitarian work or lead to secondary displacement.

(Adaptado: <http://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2017/6/5941561f4/forced-displacement-worldwide-its-highest-decades. html> Acesso em 16/08/2017)

De acordo com o texto, considere as seguintes estatísticas:

 

1. O número de pessoas que busca asilo está diminuindo.

2. Aproximadamente 65% dos sírios vivem em países vizinhos na condição de refugiados.

3. A grande maioria dos refugiados vive em países desenvolvidos.

 

Assinale a alternativa correta.

TEXTO:

 

    You need a healthy immune system to help fight
off infections and disease, and believe it or not, the
right kind of stress can actually help your body’s
defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress
[5] causes you to make hormones that battle threats to
your health. And this kind of stress is particularly
effective when at the early stages of an illness, when
your body needs help the most.
    Now, it is true your immune system can only
[10] handle so much stress: if it lasts too long, these
hormones can overwhelm your body and actually
decrease your immunity. But that initial burst of stress
is an asset to your immune system when you’re the
most vulnerable, right when your body faces a threat.
Disponível em: <www.eatingwell.com/article/16296/the-13-biggetsnutrition-and-food-myths-busted/>. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2018. Adaptado

The main idea of this text is summarized in: