Questões de Inglês

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the text and answer question.

 

The evidence is clear—physical activity fosters normal growth and development, can reduce the risk of various chronic diseases, and can make people feel better, function better, and sleep better. Some health benefits start immediately after activity, and even short bouts of physical activity are beneficial. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition outlines the amounts and types of physical activity needed to maintain or improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. It also highlights individual and community-level strategies that can make being physically active easier in the places where people live, learn, work, and play.

Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/index. htm. Accessed on: September 4th, 2019.

The verb “to foster” in the sentence: “Physical activity fosters normal growth and development.” has the same meaning as to

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the text and answer question.

Available at: http://www.teluguone.com. Accessed on: September 4th, 2019.

You can infer from the humor of the cartoon that the patient is giving an excuse for not

TEXTO:

The power of BIG IDEAS

    What changed the course of human events most
profoundly? It wasn’t a general at battle, emperor
or president or assassin, as the historians hold. It
was more likely... well, clocks or the thermos bottle
[5] or writing. It was, in other words, a technological
invention, according to 80-plus scholars gathered in
the electronic salon called Edge (www.edge.org). Last
November, literary agent and author John Brockman,
who presides over Edge, asked scientists and other
[10] thinkers to nominate the most important invention of
the last 2,000 years.
    Together, the nominations make a strong
case that how we think, and the social and political
institutions we create, are products of the science and
[15] technology we invent.

BEGLEY, Sharon. The power of big ideas. Speak up, São Paulo, ano 12, n. 147, p. 6, ago. [2019].

According to the text, scholars got together in Edge in order to decide the inventions of great influence

GLASBERGEN. Disponível em: http://glasbergen.com. Acesso em: set. 2019.

 

The man in this cartoon

    New research has identified a potential way to reverse graying hair and treat skin pigment disorders. By studying stem cells in mice, scientists at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City have found the molecular pathways responsible for creating the color of skin and hair. Their findings could one day lead to cosmetic treatments that restore graying locks to more youthful colors such as brown, blond and red. The research may also be useful for developing drug candidates for people with vitiligo, a disease that causes skin to lose its color and leads to blotchy white patches.

    The researchers conducted a series of experiments on stem cells to investigate the biological process at work in pigmentation. They found that a certain signaling pathway – known as EdnrB – interacts with other pathways, in particular the Wnt signaling pathways, which in turn causes the proliferation of melanocyte, stem cells involved in the earliest stage of skin and hair pigmentation.

    When the researchers bred mice to have EdnrB pathway deficiencies, the rodents experienced premature graying of their fur. “The mice that normally had black hair turned into grayish mice. They looked like old people, with gray hair”, they said. Conversely, when they stimulated the mice’s EdnrB pathways, it produced a 15-fold increase in melanocyte stem cell pigment production, which caused hyperpigmentation in the mice. The researchers made small wounds on the animals and noticed that the skin was much darker when it began to heal. Finally, when researchers blocked the mice’s Wnt signaling, it slowed melanocyte growth and resulted in unpigmented gray hair. Mice with black fur became more gray.

    This finding suggests that targeting the Wnt pathway may be one way to reverse gray hair. Moreover, “if scientists can eventually find ways to activate those signaling pathways in humans with vitiligo, the melanocyte stem cells could migrate to the surface of their skin and re-pigment it”, they explained.

FIRGER, Jessica. Disponível em: http://www.newsweek.com. Acesso em: set. 2019. Adptado.

Considering the potential use of those signaling pathways to cure humans with vitiligo, the scientists feel that the present study seems

    It turns out we are even lonely when we’re asleep. A recent study into 2,000 young adults by postdoctoral researcher Dr Timothy Matthews at King’s College London found that lonelier people reported poorer sleep than non-lonely people and were 24 per cent more likely to feel tired and have difficulty concentrating during the day – an association that remained after controlling for mental health problems. The link was almost 70 per cent stronger among those who had been exposed to severe forms of violence in their teenage years.

 

    “When you feel like you’re on your own, the world seems like a more threatening place, which could make it harder to sleep restfully,” Matthews says. “This perception of threat in the environment seems to be even stronger for people who’ve been exposed to an objective threat during their lives, such as being a victim of violence.” This also helps us understand why lonely people’s immune systems could be primed to fight bacterial infection from a wound, rather than viral infection; they are anticipating being attacked by a predator, with no tribe to defend them.

(Fonte: https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/you-arenot-alone-2/)

 

Segundo o estudo de Timothy Matthews, sobre a relação entre solidão e sono, é possível afirmar que: