Questões de Inglês

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

There really is no such thing as Art. There are
only artists. Once these were men who took
coloured earth and roughed out the forms of
a bison on the wall of a cave; today some buy
[5] their paints, and design posters for hoardings;
they did and do many other things. There is
no harm in calling all these activities art ……..
we keep in mind that such a word may mean
very different things in different times and
[10] places, and as long as we realize that Art with
a capital A has no existence. ……… Art with a
capital A has come to be something of a
bogey and a fetish. You may crush an artist
by telling him that what he has just done may
[15] be quite good in its own way, only it is not
'Art'. And you may confound anyone enjoying
a picture by declaring that what he liked in it
was not the Art ……… something different.
Actually I do not think that there are any
[20] wrong reasons for liking a statue or a picture.
Someone may like a landscape painting
because it reminds him of home, or a portrait
because it reminds him of a friend. There is
nothing wrong with that. All of us, when we
[25] see a painting, are bound to be reminded of a
hundred-and-one things which influence our
likes and dislikes. As long as these memories
help us to enjoy what we see, we need not
worry. It is only when some irrelevant
[30] memory makes us prejudiced, when we
instinctively turn away from a magnificent
picture of an alpine scene because we dislike
climbing, that we should search our mind for
the reason for the aversion which spoils a
[35] pleasure we might otherwise have had. There
are wrong reasons for disliking a work of art.
Most people like to see in pictures what they
would also like to see in reality. This is quite a
natural preference. We all like beauty in
[40] nature, and are grateful to the artists who
have preserved it in their works. Nor would
these artists themselves have rebuffed us for
our taste. When the great Flemish painter
Rubens made a drawing of his little boy, he
[45] was surely proud of his good looks. He
wanted us, too, to admire the child. But this
bias for the pretty and engaging subject is apt
to become a stumbling-block if it leads us to
reject works which represent a less appealing
[50] subject. The great German painter Albrecht
Dürer certainly drew his aging mother with as
much devotion and love as Rubens felt for his
chubby child. His truthful study of careworn
old age may give us a shock which makes us
[55] turn away from it — and yet, if we fight
against our first repugnance we may be richly
rewarded, for Dürer's drawing in its
tremendous sincerity is a great work. In fact,
we shall soon discover that the beauty of a
[60] picture does not really lie in the beauty of its
subject-matter.

Adaptado de: GOMBRICH, E. H. The Story of Art. London / New York: Phaidon, 2007. p. 15-18.

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences has announced a new category in
time for next February’s awards ceremony:
“achievement in popular film”. The idea is
[5] that, alongside the time-honoured “Best
Picture” category, there will be another for
films which have a broader appeal:
blockbusters, in other words. Ironically, the
announcement has been anything but
[10] popular. On social media, responses to this
idea have ranged from hostile to very hostile
indeed. Many feel that the once-prestigious
Oscars are dumbing down to the level of the
MTV Awards. What’s next—Best kiss? Loudest
[15] shoot-out? Most skyscrapers flattened by
aliens in a single action sequence?
The concept of the “Hit Oscar” or the
“Popcorn Oscar”, as it has been nicknamed,
raises other questions, too. To start with, who
[20] decides whether or not a film is popular?
What are the criteria or thresholds? And isn’t
it an insult to nominees, the implicit
suggestion being that hit films can’t be artistic
(and vice versa)?
[25] The timing, too, is off. “Black Panther”,
Marvel’s Afrofuturist superhero blockbuster,
could well have been nominated for best
picture in 2019. Indeed, it could well have
won, ……… acknowledging the superhero
[30] boom as well as emphasising just how
successful films with black casts and creative
teams can be. But it is now likely that “Black
Panther” will be shoved into the “popular”
ghetto, and that the best-picture prize will go
[35] to an indie drama. If so, the introduction of a
new category will have helped maintain the
status quo, rather than upending it.
It is understandable that the Oscars’
organisers should want to shake up the
[40] ceremony’s format, bearing in mind how low
its television ratings have fallen. One reason
for this decline, the theory goes, is that best-

picture winners are no longer the films that
the great American public is queuing up to
[45] see.
But if hugely profitable, crowd-pleasing films
aren’t winning best picture these days, it is
not because the Academy’s voters are
becoming more snobbish or sophisticated in
[50] their tastes. It is because Hollywood has
stopped making middlebrow historical epics
that used to be a shoo-in. What the
introduction of the popular category
acknowledges is that there are now hardly
[55] any studio films in the chasm between shiny
comic-book movies and quirky indie
experiments. The industry is producing
nothing for grown-up viewers who want more
scale and spectacle than they can get from a
[60] low-key drama, but who don’t fancy seeing
people in colourful costumes firing laser
beams at each other.
The new division between best picture and
popular picture may be ill-judged, but it
[65] reflects a pre-existing dichotomy between
arthouse and multiplex fare. So have pity on
the poor Academy. If Hollywood studios
weren’t quite so obsessed with superhero
franchises, the Oscars might not be in this
[70] mess in the first place.

Adaptado de: https://www.economist.com/prospero/2018/08 /11/the-academy-announces-a-misguided-newcategory. Acesso em: 08 ago. 2018.

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences has announced a new category in
time for next February’s awards ceremony:
“achievement in popular film”. The idea is
[5] that, alongside the time-honoured “Best
Picture” category, there will be another for
films which have a broader appeal:
blockbusters, in other words. Ironically, the
announcement has been anything but
[10] popular. On social media, responses to this
idea have ranged from hostile to very hostile
indeed. Many feel that the once-prestigious
Oscars are dumbing down to the level of the
MTV Awards. What’s next—Best kiss? Loudest
[15] shoot-out? Most skyscrapers flattened by
aliens in a single action sequence?
The concept of the “Hit Oscar” or the
“Popcorn Oscar”, as it has been nicknamed,
raises other questions, too. To start with, who
[20] decides whether or not a film is popular?
What are the criteria or thresholds? And isn’t
it an insult to nominees, the implicit
suggestion being that hit films can’t be artistic
(and vice versa)?
[25] The timing, too, is off. “Black Panther”,
Marvel’s Afrofuturist superhero blockbuster,
could well have been nominated for best
picture in 2019. Indeed, it could well have
won, ……… acknowledging the superhero
[30] boom as well as emphasising just how
successful films with black casts and creative
teams can be. But it is now likely that “Black
Panther” will be shoved into the “popular”
ghetto, and that the best-picture prize will go
[35] to an indie drama. If so, the introduction of a
new category will have helped maintain the
status quo, rather than upending it.
It is understandable that the Oscars’
organisers should want to shake up the
[40] ceremony’s format, bearing in mind how low
its television ratings have fallen. One reason
for this decline, the theory goes, is that best-

picture winners are no longer the films that
the great American public is queuing up to
[45] see.
But if hugely profitable, crowd-pleasing films
aren’t winning best picture these days, it is
not because the Academy’s voters are
becoming more snobbish or sophisticated in
[50] their tastes. It is because Hollywood has
stopped making middlebrow historical epics
that used to be a shoo-in. What the
introduction of the popular category
acknowledges is that there are now hardly
[55] any studio films in the chasm between shiny
comic-book movies and quirky indie
experiments. The industry is producing
nothing for grown-up viewers who want more
scale and spectacle than they can get from a
[60] low-key drama, but who don’t fancy seeing
people in colourful costumes firing laser
beams at each other.
The new division between best picture and
popular picture may be ill-judged, but it
[65] reflects a pre-existing dichotomy between
arthouse and multiplex fare. So have pity on
the poor Academy. If Hollywood studios
weren’t quite so obsessed with superhero
franchises, the Oscars might not be in this
[70] mess in the first place.

Adaptado de: https://www.economist.com/prospero/2018/08 /11/the-academy-announces-a-misguided-newcategory. Acesso em: 08 ago. 2018.

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

Obi was away in England for a little under
four years. He sometimes found it difficult to
believe that it was as short as that. It seemed
more like a decade than four years, which
[5] with the miseries of winter when his longing
to return home took on the sharpness of
physical pain. It was in England that Nigeria
first became more than just a name to him.
That was the first great thing that England did
[10] for him. But the Nigeria he returned to was in
many ways different from the picture he had
carried in his mind during those four years.
There were many things he could no longer
recognize, and others — like the slums of
[15] Lagos — which he was seeing for the first
time.
As a boy in the village of Umuofia, he had
heard his first stories about Lagos from a
soldier home …….. leave from the war. Those
[20] soldiers were heroes who had seen the great
world. They spoke of Abyssinia, Egypt,
Palestine, Burma and so on. Some of them
had been village ne'er-do-wells, but now they
were heroes. They had bags and bags of
[25] money, and the villagers sat …….. their feet
to listen to their stories. One of them went
regularly to a market in the neighbouring
village and helped himself to whatever he
liked. He went in full uniform, breaking the
[30] earth with his boots, and no one dared touch
him. It was said that if you touched a soldier,
Government would deal with you. Besides,
soldiers were as strong as lions because of
the injections they were given …….. the army.
[35] It was from one of these soldiers that Obi had
his first picture of Lagos.
‘There is no darkness there,' he told his
admiring listeners, `because at night the
electric shines like the sun, and people are
[40] always walking about, that is, those who want
to walk. If you don't want to walk, you only
have to wave your hand and a pleasure car
stops for you.' His audience made sounds of
wonderment. Then by way of digression he
[45] said: 'If you see a white man, take off your
hat for him. The only thing he cannot do is
mould a human being.'

ACHEBE, Chinua. No Longer at Ease. New York / London: Everyman’s Library, 2010. p. 162.

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

Obi was away in England for a little under
four years. He sometimes found it difficult to
believe that it was as short as that. It seemed
more like a decade than four years, which
[5] with the miseries of winter when his longing
to return home took on the sharpness of
physical pain. It was in England that Nigeria
first became more than just a name to him.
That was the first great thing that England did
[10] for him. But the Nigeria he returned to was in
many ways different from the picture he had
carried in his mind during those four years.
There were many things he could no longer
recognize, and others — like the slums of
[15] Lagos — which he was seeing for the first
time.
As a boy in the village of Umuofia, he had
heard his first stories about Lagos from a
soldier home …….. leave from the war. Those
[20] soldiers were heroes who had seen the great
world. They spoke of Abyssinia, Egypt,
Palestine, Burma and so on. Some of them
had been village ne'er-do-wells, but now they
were heroes. They had bags and bags of
[25] money, and the villagers sat …….. their feet
to listen to their stories. One of them went
regularly to a market in the neighbouring
village and helped himself to whatever he
liked. He went in full uniform, breaking the
[30] earth with his boots, and no one dared touch
him. It was said that if you touched a soldier,
Government would deal with you. Besides,
soldiers were as strong as lions because of
the injections they were given …….. the army.
[35] It was from one of these soldiers that Obi had
his first picture of Lagos.
‘There is no darkness there,' he told his
admiring listeners, `because at night the
electric shines like the sun, and people are
[40] always walking about, that is, those who want
to walk. If you don't want to walk, you only
have to wave your hand and a pleasure car
stops for you.' His audience made sounds of
wonderment. Then by way of digression he
[45] said: 'If you see a white man, take off your
hat for him. The only thing he cannot do is
mould a human being.'

ACHEBE, Chinua. No Longer at Ease. New York / London: Everyman’s Library, 2010. p. 162.

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

    As France clinched its second-ever World Cup win over Croatia thanks to goals by migrants and a Muslim, fans and onlookers quickly pointed out the need for the country to apply its victories on the field to life off the field.

    Often in the spotlight for its xenophobic and Islamophobic social policies, France didn't seem to mind when it came to good footballers, stocking 78.3 percent of its team with immigrants, a third of whom are Muslim. That was the highest percentage among any qualifying team in this year's World Cup. Immigrants make up 6.8 of France's overall population.

    Of the four goals France scored against Croatia, two were scored by the sons of African immigrants – Paul Pogba, whose parents immigrated from Guinea, and Kylian Mbappe, whose mother is Algerian and father is Cameroonian.

    Pogba is a practicing Muslim, along with six of his teammates including starting midfielder N'Golo Kante.

    Only a third of the World Cup champion team has white-European ancestry, and less than a quarter have French ancestry.

    Football fans quickly took to Twitter on Sunday evening to call on France to put an end to its “hypocrisy” and acknowledge the foundational, positive role immigrants and Muslims play in developing its society. […]

    France’s win on Sunday was its first in 20 years, after winning on its home turf in 1998. It was the highest-scoring final since England beat West Germany 4-2 after extra-time in 1966 and the highest in normal time since Brazil beat Sweden 5-2 60 years ago.

Source: https://www.dailysabah.com/football/2018/07/15/calls-for-france-to-end-xenophobia-islamophobia-as-migrant muslim-players-clinch-world-cup-win