Questões de Inglês

Leia o poema a seguir e responda à questão.

CAGED BIRD
Maya Angelou

A free bird leaps
on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wing
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky.

But a bird that stalks
down his narrow cage
can seldom see through
his bars of rage
his wings are clipped and
his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.

The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.

The free bird thinks of another breeze
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn
and he names the sky his own.

But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.

Adaptado de ANGELOU, M. “Caged Bird” In: The Poetry Foundation (website). Disponível em www.poetryfoundation.org

Nota sobre a autora: Maya Angelou (1924-2014) foi uma poeta norte-americana que explorou em suas obras temas como a segregação racial, a desigualdade de gêneros e a opressão social entre outros.

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IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19th century, a relatively unknown author named Pedro Carolino rapidly gained intercontinental popularity over a small Portuguese-to-English phrasebook. English as She Is Spoke (or O novo guia da conversação em portuguez e inglez) was originally intended to help Portuguese speakers dabble in the English tongue, but was penned by a man who spoke little to no English himself. And, instead of helping Portuguese speakers learn a second language, it became a cult classic for fans of inept and unintentional humor.

It quickly gained notoriety among English speakers, including author Mark Twain, who wrote the introduction for the first English edition, published in 1883. Twain expressed his approval of the book, saying “Nobody can add to the absurdity of this book, nobody can imitate it successfully, nobody can hope to produce its fellow; it is perfect.”

It is presumed that Carolino wrote the book through the aid of a Portuguese-to-French dictionary and a French-to-English dictionary, using the former for an initial translation of a word or phrase from Portuguese, and the latter to convert it from French into English. The result, of course, is a mishmash of cloudy gibberish.

Perhaps the most notorious section of the book is an appropriately named chapter entitled “Idiotisms and Proverbs,” which again features phrases that vary between barely understandable and completely nonsensical. Examples of Carolino’s twice-translated proverbs include: “it is better be single as a bad company”; “there is no better sauce who the appetite”; and simply “That not says a word, consent”.

The book opens with a preface written in a peculiar style of English. It details the book’s intended audience, stating that it “may be worth the acceptation of the studious persons, and especially of the Youth, of which we dedicate him particularly.” Perhaps predictably, English as She Is Spoke did not become popular among Portuguese-speaking students. In fact, it was never published in Portugal, although it did find an audience 133 years later in Brazil, when it was released as a comedy title.

Adaptado de LEIGHTY-PHILLIPS, Tucker. How a Portuguese-to-English Phrasebook became a cult comedy sensation. In: Atlas Obscura (online). 29 jun. 2016. Disponível em www.atlasobscura.com

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PROJECT DETAILS

* PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST: Peter Kohler, founder and director of The Plastic Tide
* SCIENTIST AFFILIATION: The Scientific Exploration Society and the Royal Geographical Society
* DATES: Ongoing
* PROJECT TYPE: Data Processing
* COST: Free
* GRADE LEVEL: All Ages
* TIME COMMITMENT: variable
* HOW TO JOIN:
REGISTER AT THE ZOONIVERSE WEB SITE. THEN USE YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE TO ANALYZE IMAGES IN THE PLASTIC TIDE’S DATABASE FOR PLASTICS AND LITTER. TAG EACH PIECE OF PLASTIC YOU SPOT BY DRAWING A RECTANGLE AROUND IT ON YOUR SCREEN AND IDENTIFY IT AS FRAGMENTS, FISHING LINE, DRINK BOTTLES OR SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC WASTE.

Estimates are currently at trillions of pieces and counting, with over 60 percent of the oceans being heavily contaminated with plastics. With each piece of plastic taking over 400 years to degrade, our oceans, all marine life, and even our own health and livelihoods are in real danger of drowning. Despite this and the 8 million tons of plastics entering our ocean each year, researchers can account for only one percent of that ends up: our ocean surface. Where is the missing 99 percent?

The answer can be found on the seafloor, in marine life, and on our coastlines. The Zooniverse Plastic Tide citizen science project harnesses drone imagery from a series of beaches and the power of computer programs, or machine learning algorithms for the more technically minded, to eventually create a program that can autodetect, measure and monitor the levels of plastics and marine litter washing up on our beaches. Eventually helping us to track where plastics and litter go in our oceans, revealing where the missing 99 percent is in our ocean goes.

By tagging plastics and litter in the images we take with our drone, citizen scientists directly teach our computer program to autodetect, measure and monitor plastics to help researchers answer how much of the missing 99 percent ends up on our beaches. The more you tag, the better the computer program gets at identifying plastics!

GREENEMEIER, L. The Plastic Tide. In: Scientific American (online) Citizen Science. 28 abr. 2018. Disponível em www.scientificamerican.com

Text

(1) This summer Jeni Stepien walked down the aisle in Swissvale, PA, arm-in-arm with the man whose life was saved
10 years ago by her murdered father’s donated heart. Though bitter-sweet for assembled family members, the
moment clearly demonstrated how deeply moving and important organ donation can be. In fact, one person can
save or improve the life of up to 50 other people by sharing his or her organs, eyes and tissue. But sadly, over 20
[05] people die every day because of organ shortages.

(2) Only 40 percent of U.S. adults are registered organ donors (48 percent offer their leyes; 45 percent tissue). And
if you’re one of the reluctant who worry a doctor won’t do everything possible to save your life because you are a
donor, that’s just not true and here’s why.

[10] (3) You’re seen by the doctor who specializes in your condition, not the one who harvests organs. And doctors have
every incentive to save you. Not only do they care about you, their reputation is on the line! You also may worry
you’ll be declared dead prematurely. In fact, organ donors have a right to extra tests to determine if they really are
deceased, at no cost.

(4) So if you’ve been on the fence about becoming a donor, think about what your legacy could do! And it’s easier
[15] than ever to sign up. You don’t have to wait until you renew your driver’s license. Apple’s updated Health app lets
you register to become an organ, eye and tissue donor.

BY DR. MEHMET OZ, MD AND DR. MICHAEL ROIZEN, MD (Source: https://www.sharecare.com/health/surgical-procedures/article/busting-organ-donation-myths, retrieved on April 10, 2019)

Text

(1) This summer Jeni Stepien walked down the aisle in Swissvale, PA, arm-in-arm with the man whose life was saved
10 years ago by her murdered father’s donated heart. Though bitter-sweet for assembled family members, the
moment clearly demonstrated how deeply moving and important organ donation can be. In fact, one person can
save or improve the life of up to 50 other people by sharing his or her organs, eyes and tissue. But sadly, over 20
[05] people die every day because of organ shortages.

(2) Only 40 percent of U.S. adults are registered organ donors (48 percent offer their leyes; 45 percent tissue). And
if you’re one of the reluctant who worry a doctor won’t do everything possible to save your life because you are a
donor, that’s just not true and here’s why.

[10] (3) You’re seen by the doctor who specializes in your condition, not the one who harvests organs. And doctors have
every incentive to save you. Not only do they care about you, their reputation is on the line! You also may worry
you’ll be declared dead prematurely. In fact, organ donors have a right to extra tests to determine if they really are
deceased, at no cost.

(4) So if you’ve been on the fence about becoming a donor, think about what your legacy could do! And it’s easier
[15] than ever to sign up. You don’t have to wait until you renew your driver’s license. Apple’s updated Health app lets
you register to become an organ, eye and tissue donor.

BY DR. MEHMET OZ, MD AND DR. MICHAEL ROIZEN, MD (Source: https://www.sharecare.com/health/surgical-procedures/article/busting-organ-donation-myths, retrieved on April 10, 2019)

Text

(1) This summer Jeni Stepien walked down the aisle in Swissvale, PA, arm-in-arm with the man whose life was saved
10 years ago by her murdered father’s donated heart. Though bitter-sweet for assembled family members, the
moment clearly demonstrated how deeply moving and important organ donation can be. In fact, one person can

[05]

save or improve the life of up to 50 other people by sharing his or her organs, eyes and tissue. But sadly, over 20
people die every day because of organ shortages.

(2) Only 40 percent of U.S. adults are registered organ donors (48 percent offer their leyes; 45 percent tissue). And
if you’re one of the reluctant who worry a doctor won’t do everything possible to save your life because you are a
donor, that’s just not true and here’s why.

[10] 

(3) You’re seen by the doctor who specializes in your condition, not the one who harvests organs. And doctors have
every incentive to save you. Not only do they care about you, their reputation is on the line! You also may worry
you’ll be declared dead prematurely. In fact, organ donors have a right to extra tests to determine if they really are
deceased, at no cost.

[15] (4) So if you’ve been on the fence about becoming a donor, think about what your legacy could do! And it’s easier
than ever to sign up. You don’t have to wait until you renew your driver’s license. Apple’s updated Health app lets
you register to become an organ, eye and tissue donor.

BY DR. MEHMET OZ, MD AND DR. MICHAEL ROIZEN, MD
(Source: https://www.sharecare.com/health/surgical-procedures/article/busting-organ-donation-myths, retrieved on April 10, 2019)