Questões de Inglês

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    Few cities in the world rival the antiquity of Athens, where people have lived continuously for thousands of years. Athenians created the first forms of democracy, the plays and philosophy that shaped Western civilisation, and the classical buildings that still dot the Acropolis.

    Amid the ancient ruins, another survivor of the centuries is the Greek concept of philoxenia – a term that directly translates as “love of strangers”, but which locals define more as a warmth that makes foreigners feel immediately welcomed when they come to the capital city. “The people can be very hospitable and friendly,” agreed Julian Williams, who moved from London in 2009.

    Though more than 4.5 million people visit the city every year to delve into its past, Athens has plenty in its present to make it worth staying for the longer term. The always-on atmosphere of Athens attracts Greeks and expats alike. “Athens is a buzzing city. No matter when you go out you will see the cafes and bars filled with people having a good time”, said Chrissy Manika, an Athens native and blogger.

(Lindsey Galloway. www.bbc.com, 05.12.2017. Adaptado.)

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    Few cities in the world rival the antiquity of Athens, where people have lived continuously for thousands of years. Athenians created the first forms of democracy, the plays and philosophy that shaped Western civilisation, and the classical buildings that still dot the Acropolis.

    Amid the ancient ruins, another survivor of the centuries is the Greek concept of philoxenia – a term that directly translates as “love of strangers”, but which locals define more as a warmth that makes foreigners feel immediately welcomed when they come to the capital city. “The people can be very hospitable and friendly,” agreed Julian Williams, who moved from London in 2009.

    Though more than 4.5 million people visit the city every year to delve into its past, Athens has plenty in its present to make it worth staying for the longer term. The always-on atmosphere of Athens attracts Greeks and expats alike. “Athens is a buzzing city. No matter when you go out you will see the cafes and bars filled with people having a good time”, said Chrissy Manika, an Athens native and blogger.

(Lindsey Galloway. www.bbc.com, 05.12.2017. Adaptado.)

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    Few cities in the world rival the antiquity of Athens, where people have lived continuously for thousands of years. Athenians created the first forms of democracy, the plays and philosophy that shaped Western civilisation, and the classical buildings that still dot the Acropolis.

    Amid the ancient ruins, another survivor of the centuries is the Greek concept of philoxenia – a term that directly translates as “love of strangers”, but which locals define more as a warmth that makes foreigners feel immediately welcomed when they come to the capital city. “The people can be very hospitable and friendly,” agreed Julian Williams, who moved from London in 2009.

    Though more than 4.5 million people visit the city every year to delve into its past, Athens has plenty in its present to make it worth staying for the longer term. The always-on atmosphere of Athens attracts Greeks and expats alike. “Athens is a buzzing city. No matter when you go out you will see the cafes and bars filled with people having a good time”, said Chrissy Manika, an Athens native and blogger.

(Lindsey Galloway. www.bbc.com, 05.12.2017. Adaptado.)

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How different cultures understand time

    Different cultures interpret time in different ways, and so the concept of time differs across the world. Some countries focus on the past and traditions, while some primarily concentrate on what the future holds which therefore dictates their interpretation of time. For expats, moving from a future orientated culture, to a past orientated culture may be confusing, so, having a clear understanding of their destination country’s interpretation of time can prove imperative to overcoming cultural shocks. Here at Santa Fe Relocation, we’re taking a closer look at how different cultures understand time, from time orientation to how countries are divided into different chronemics depending on whether they are future-orientated, present-orientated or past-orientated.

(FONTE: https://www.santaferelo.com/adaptado)

Utilize o texto para responder a questão. Is Time Real or an Illusion?

by Lee Smolin

    Diverse thinkers, from the ancient Greek philosophers through to modern day theorists, have called time an illusion. But is there any truth to it?

    Diverse thinkers, from the ancient Greek philosophers through to contemporary quantum cosmology and eternal inflation theory, have called time an illusion. For them, the perception of time passing from past moment to present moment is an artefact of our psychology, so that, anything real or true is real or true eternally and timelessly. The belief that reality lies in a timeless realm of truth, rather than in the flow of events our perceptions show us, might be supported by scientific argument but equally, it reflects a metaphysical prejudice.

    Contemporary attempts to extend quantum theory to the cosmological, to encompass the whole Universe and not just a sub-system of it, are often couched in equations which suggest time is emergent from a timeless reality. But these attempts suffer from problems, both technical and conceptual, that are even more challenging than the usual conundrums of quantum theory. Several advances in the study of quantum gravity have shown that our four- dimensional space-time is only recovered in a version of the theory in which time is real and not emergent. I would hold that, contrary to the ancient metaphysical tradition, time is not only real, it is likely that it is the only aspect of reality we experience directly that is fundamental and not emergent from anything else.

(Fonte:https://www.sciencefocus.com/)

By Reuben Fischer-Baum for The Washington Post 

1     In the past three decades, the United States has seen staggering technological changes. In 1984,
just 8 percent of households had a personal computer, the World Wide Web was still five years
away, and cell phones were enormous. Americans born that year are only 34 years old.
    Here’s how some key parts of our technological lives have shifted, split loosely into early,
[5] middle and current stages.

    Blockbuster isn’t quite dead yet — as of April there were at least 10 U.S. locations still in operation, mostly in Alaska. But the era of physical videos is on its way out. Children today may never
know the swelling music of a DVD menu that’s looped back to the beginning. And they certainly
will never have to rewind a VHS tape.
[10]    But this is just one slice of how home entertainment has changed over the past 30 years. Thanks
to plummeting prices, most Americans now own (large!) HD TVs that were once reserved for the
very wealthy. During the same era, cable overtook network television in profitability and prestige.
Both are now threatened by the twin specters of cord-cutting and streaming.

    Twenty years ago the Internet was still mostly for play — Geocities was one of the most popular
[15] sites on the Web.
    And it was slow! Dial-up — which uses pre-existing telephone lines to connect to the Internet
— was the primary internet technology throughout the ’90s, until faster Broadband services began
to take hold. Dial-up had a max speed of 56 kilobits per second, and could be interrupted by an
incoming phone call

[20]    While the first mobile phone call was made in 1973, it took the technology a while to reach the
masses. In the late ’80s, cellphones were still an extravagance, notably used by Gordon Gecko in
1987’s “Wall Street.”
    A decade a half later, Nokia and other manufacturers had developed much cheaper models. In
particular, the nearly indestructible Nokia 3310 affectionately known as the “brick” — has a special
[25] place in U.S. mobile history as the first cell phone for many younger Americans.

(Fonte: https://www.washingtonpost.com/adaptado)