Questões de Inglês

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The mission of the satellite depicted in the comic strip is to

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Brazil’s first homemade satellite will put an extra eye on dwindling Amazon forests

     The fate of Brazil’s satellite program — and the country’s capacity to monitor disappearing Amazon forest — will be decided in 17 minutes and 30 seconds on February 28. That’s the time it will take to launch Amazonia-1, the first satellite entirely developed by the country. If the mission goes well, Brazil will join about 20 countries that have managed the whole chain of design, production, and operation of a satellite. Amazonia-1 will give researchers more frequent updates on deforestation and agricultural activity in the world’s largest tropical rainforest. Nevertheless, other challenges await, since Brazilian scientists deal with increasing cuts in research funding.

    The satellite represents “a milestone for Brazil,” says Adenilson Silva, an engineer at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) who leads the mission and will oversee the launch at the Indian space center on the island of Sriharikota. The satellite’s development, which began in 2008, has involved more than a dozen Brazilian companies and an investment of 360 million reais ($60 million) — about one-sixth what it would cost to import ready-to-use equipment, Silva says. Amazonia-1 is the first of three Amazon-monitoring satellites INPE aims to build with the same manufacturing platform.

    The new satellite is a 2.5-meter-long metallic cuboid weighing 640 kilograms. It’s loaded with 6 kilometers of cables and three wide-angle cameras capable of detecting any area of deforestation bigger than four soccer fields. A planned launch in 2018 was postponed because of a lack of funding and delays in the supply of key components from collaborating companies.

(Sofia Moutinho. www.sciencemag.org, 26.02.2021. Adapted.)

In the excerpt from the first paragraph “Nevertheless, other challenges await”, the underlined expression refers to

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Brazil’s first homemade satellite will put an extra eye on dwindling Amazon forests

     The fate of Brazil’s satellite program — and the country’s capacity to monitor disappearing Amazon forest — will be decided in 17 minutes and 30 seconds on February 28. That’s the time it will take to launch Amazonia-1, the first satellite entirely developed by the country. If the mission goes well, Brazil will join about 20 countries that have managed the whole chain of design, production, and operation of a satellite. Amazonia-1 will give researchers more frequent updates on deforestation and agricultural activity in the world’s largest tropical rainforest. Nevertheless, other challenges await, since Brazilian scientists deal with increasing cuts in research funding.

    The satellite represents “a milestone for Brazil,” says Adenilson Silva, an engineer at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) who leads the mission and will oversee the launch at the Indian space center on the island of Sriharikota. The satellite’s development, which began in 2008, has involved more than a dozen Brazilian companies and an investment of 360 million reais ($60 million) — about one-sixth what it would cost to import ready-to-use equipment, Silva says. Amazonia-1 is the first of three Amazon-monitoring satellites INPE aims to build with the same manufacturing platform.

    The new satellite is a 2.5-meter-long metallic cuboid weighing 640 kilograms. It’s loaded with 6 kilometers of cables and three wide-angle cameras capable of detecting any area of deforestation bigger than four soccer fields. A planned launch in 2018 was postponed because of a lack of funding and delays in the supply of key components from collaborating companies.

(Sofia Moutinho. www.sciencemag.org, 26.02.2021. Adapted.)

The Brazilian satellite Amazonia-1

Examine o cartum de Mike Baldwin, publicado no Instagram por Cartoon Collections, em 03.01.2021.

O cartum sugere que

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    One of the abiding images of any virus outbreak is people in surgical masks. Using them to prevent infection is popular in many countries around the world, most notably China during the current coronavirus outbreak where they are also worn to protect against high pollution levels.

    Virologists are sceptical about their effectiveness against airborne viruses. But there is some evidence to suggest the masks can help prevent hand-to-mouth transmissions.

    Dr David Carrington, of St George’s, University of London, told BBC News “routine surgical masks for the public are not an effective protection against viruses or bacteria carried in the air”, which was how “most viruses” were transmitted, because they were too loose, had no air filter and left the eyes exposed. But they could help lower the risk of contracting a virus through the “splash” from a sneeze or a cough and provide some protection against hand-to-mouth transmissions.

    Jonathan Ball, professor of molecular virology at the University of Nottingham, said: “In one well controlled study in a hospital setting, the face mask was as good at preventing influenza infection as a purpose-made respirator.”

    Respirators, which tend to feature a specialised air filter, are specifically designed to protect against potentially hazardous airborne particles.

    “However, when you move to studies looking at their effectiveness in the general population, the data is less compelling - it’s quite a challenge to keep a mask on for prolonged periods of time,” professor Ball added.

    Dr Connor Bamford, of the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, at Queen’s University Belfast, said “implementing simple hygiene measures” was more effective. “Covering your mouth while sneezing, washing your hands, and not putting your hands to your mouth before washing them, could help limit the risk of catching any respiratory virus,” he said.

(www.bbc.com, 23.01.2020. Adaptado.)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “where they are also worn to protect against high pollution levels”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a:

Heartburn is a common condition that affects a lot of people on a day to day basis. Most people confuse this condition with a heart-related disease, but it is instead a gastrointestinal issue. It occurs when the food and the acid present in the stomach travels back to the oesophagus. This causes a burning sensation in the lining of the oesophagus. As it happens near the heart, it is called heartburn. This problem is a common occurrence after having spicy food or while wearing tight pants. But some people experience this on a daily basis due to their lifestyle habits or medications. Those who have experienced heartburn know how unpleasant the burning sensation is and often wonder why it gets worse at night.

 

You can blame the gravitational force for the discomfort that you face when you go to sleep. When you lie down, the food travels from the stomach to the oesophagus due to the gravitational force, which does not happen when you are standing or sitting. While standing or sitting the food and acid remains in the stomach, where the digestion process takes place due to the gravitational pull.

 

People who take certain medicines or smoke and drink are more prone to suffer from heartburns at night as compared to others. These are a few ways to get relief from nighttime heartburn.

 

Eat a smaller meal: Do not overeat at night. Keep your meal simple and light that can be easily digested by the stomach.

 

Do not have fatty or spicy food: If you often suffer from heartburn then avoid having fatty and spicy food at night. This will make the symptoms worse. Also, avoid alcohol at night as it may trigger acid reflux.

 

Do not go to bed immediately after having your food: You must have your food at least 2 hours before going to bed. Going to sleep immediately after having your dinner can increase the chances of heartburn.

 

Lose weight: People who are overweight are at greater risk of heartburn. This is because extra weight can put pressure on the stomach and lead to acid spilling up into the oesophagus. So, try to lose some weight.

(https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/healthnews último acesso 9.10.20 )

Which of the following statements is supported by the text?