Questões de Inglês

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What Does It Mean to Tear Down a Statue?

Protesters throwing the statue of the slave trader Edward Colston into a harbour.

 

    Statues of historical figures, including slave traders and Christopher Columbus, are being toppled throughout the U.S. and around the world. This follows years of debate about public display of Confederate symbols. We interviewed the art historian Erin L. Thompson about the topic. Read the excerpt from the interview.

    Q. What are some of the issues that arise when we talk about statues being torn down?

    A. We have as humans been making monuments to glorify people and ideas since we started making art, and since we started making statues, other people have torn them down. So it’s not surprising that we are seeing people rebelling against ideas that are represented by these statues today.

    Q. What do the recent attacks on statues tell us about the protests themselves?

    A. The current attacks on statues are a sign that what’s in question is not just our future but our past, as a nation, as a society. These attacks show that we need to question the way we understand the world, even the past, in order to get to a better future.

    Q. What’s a statue?

    A. I think a statue is a bid for immortality. It’s a way of solidifying an idea and making it present to other people. It’s not the statues themselves but the point of view that they represent. And these [the ones being destroyed] are statues in public places, right? So these are statues claiming that this version of history is the public version of history.

    Also, many Confederate statues are made out of bronze, a metal that you can melt down. The ancient Greeks made their major monuments out of bronze. Hardly any of these survived because as soon as regimes changed, as soon as there was war, it got melted down and made into money or a statue of somebody else.

    We have been in a period of peace and prosperity — not peace for everybody, but the U.S. hasn’t been invaded, we’ve had enough money to maintain statues. So our generation thinks of public art as something that will always be around. But this is a very ahistorical point of view. I wish that what is happening now with statues being torn down didn’t have to happen this way. But there have been peaceful protests against many of these statues which have come to nothing. So if people lose hope in the possibility of a peaceful resolution, they’re going to find other means.

(www.nytimes.com, 11.06.2020. Adaptado.)

No trecho do penúltimo parágrafo “because […] it got melted down and made into money”, a palavra sublinhada indica uma

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What Does It Mean to Tear Down a Statue?

Protesters throwing the statue of the slave trader Edward Colston into a harbour.

 

    Statues of historical figures, including slave traders and Christopher Columbus, are being toppled throughout the U.S. and around the world. This follows years of debate about public display of Confederate symbols. We interviewed the art historian Erin L. Thompson about the topic. Read the excerpt from the interview.

    Q. What are some of the issues that arise when we talk about statues being torn down?

    A. We have as humans been making monuments to glorify people and ideas since we started making art, and since we started making statues, other people have torn them down. So it’s not surprising that we are seeing people rebelling against ideas that are represented by these statues today.

    Q. What do the recent attacks on statues tell us about the protests themselves?

    A. The current attacks on statues are a sign that what’s in question is not just our future but our past, as a nation, as a society. These attacks show that we need to question the way we understand the world, even the past, in order to get to a better future.

    Q. What’s a statue?

    A. I think a statue is a bid for immortality. It’s a way of solidifying an idea and making it present to other people. It’s not the statues themselves but the point of view that they represent. And these [the ones being destroyed] are statues in public places, right? So these are statues claiming that this version of history is the public version of history.

    Also, many Confederate statues are made out of bronze, a metal that you can melt down. The ancient Greeks made their major monuments out of bronze. Hardly any of these survived because as soon as regimes changed, as soon as there was war, it got melted down and made into money or a statue of somebody else.

    We have been in a period of peace and prosperity — not peace for everybody, but the U.S. hasn’t been invaded, we’ve had enough money to maintain statues. So our generation thinks of public art as something that will always be around. But this is a very ahistorical point of view. I wish that what is happening now with statues being torn down didn’t have to happen this way. But there have been peaceful protests against many of these statues which have come to nothing. So if people lose hope in the possibility of a peaceful resolution, they’re going to find other means.

(www.nytimes.com, 11.06.2020. Adaptado.)

Sem alteração de sentido, o fragmento sublinhado no trecho da resposta à segunda pergunta “These attacks show that we need to question the way we understand the world” pode ser substituído por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

What Does It Mean to Tear Down a Statue?

Protesters throwing the statue of the slave trader Edward Colston into a harbour.

 

    Statues of historical figures, including slave traders and Christopher Columbus, are being toppled throughout the U.S. and around the world. This follows years of debate about public display of Confederate symbols. We interviewed the art historian Erin L. Thompson about the topic. Read the excerpt from the interview.

    Q. What are some of the issues that arise when we talk about statues being torn down?

    A. We have as humans been making monuments to glorify people and ideas since we started making art, and since we started making statues, other people have torn them down. So it’s not surprising that we are seeing people rebelling against ideas that are represented by these statues today.

    Q. What do the recent attacks on statues tell us about the protests themselves?

    A. The current attacks on statues are a sign that what’s in question is not just our future but our past, as a nation, as a society. These attacks show that we need to question the way we understand the world, even the past, in order to get to a better future.

    Q. What’s a statue?

    A. I think a statue is a bid for immortality. It’s a way of solidifying an idea and making it present to other people. It’s not the statues themselves but the point of view that they represent. And these [the ones being destroyed] are statues in public places, right? So these are statues claiming that this version of history is the public version of history.

    Also, many Confederate statues are made out of bronze, a metal that you can melt down. The ancient Greeks made their major monuments out of bronze. Hardly any of these survived because as soon as regimes changed, as soon as there was war, it got melted down and made into money or a statue of somebody else.

    We have been in a period of peace and prosperity — not peace for everybody, but the U.S. hasn’t been invaded, we’ve had enough money to maintain statues. So our generation thinks of public art as something that will always be around. But this is a very ahistorical point of view. I wish that what is happening now with statues being torn down didn’t have to happen this way. But there have been peaceful protests against many of these statues which have come to nothing. So if people lose hope in the possibility of a peaceful resolution, they’re going to find other means.

(www.nytimes.com, 11.06.2020. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt “We have as humans been making monuments to glorify people and ideas”, in the answer to the first question, the underlined fragment can be replaced, without change in the meaning of the sentence, by

Leia os provérbios:

 

1. Don't count your chickens before they lay eggs.

2. Don't bite the hand that feeds you.

3. Every cloud has a silver lining.

A alternativa que melhor expressa a ideia contida em cada um dos três provérbios, na ordem em que aparecem, é:

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

 

    As astronomers gaze into the depths of space, they do so with
unease: They don't know precisely what the universe is made of.

    Surprisingly, no one knows the stars' exact chemical
composition: how many carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
[5] they have relative to hydrogen, the most common element.

    These numbers are crucial, because they affect how stars
live and die, what types of planets form and even how readily
life might arise on other world's.

    Twenty years ago, astronomers expressed confidence in the
[10] numbers they had been working with. Now, not so much. The
problem lies not in the far corners of the cosmos, but much
closer to home. Astonishingly, scientists don't know exactly
what the sun is made of. As a result, they don't know what the
other stars are made of, either.

[15]    “The sun is a fundamental yardstick,” says Martin Asplund,
an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, in
Germany. “When we determine the abundance of a certain
element in a star or a galaxy or a gas cloud anywhere in the
universe, we use the sun as a reference point.”

[20]    The sun's location in the Milky Way also makes it a good
representative of the entire galaxy. Most stars reside in giant
galaxies like the Milky Way, which makes the sun a touchstone
for the entire cosmos.

    For nearly a century, astronomers have judged stars normal
[25] or not by seeing whether their chemical compositions match the
sun's. Most stars near us do; some don't.

Scientific American. 1 July 2020. Adaptado.

Conforme o texto, um critério tradicionalmente utilizado por astrônomos para avaliar estrelas envolve

Text

When it comes to looking inedible the squid

goes all out. Tentacles, suckers, big blobby eyes,

anything to help communicate the message

"Do not eat me, under any circumstances".

[05] There's even a beak in there somewhere.

It's really more threat than feast.

 

Which got us thinking. What on earth

was the first person to eat squid doing?

Who in their right mind could look at

[10] raw squid and say, "That's the snack for me"?!?

 

TO THE VISIONARY WHO FIRST SAW

TENTACLED BRAIN SACS

AND THOUGHT "LUNCH".

 

What a weirdo. What a hero.

[15] Because as we know, squid just happens

to be one of life's greatest pleasures:

chargrilled squid salad, chilli squid linguine,

crisp calamari dunked in mayo...

 

So we'd like to say a heartfelt

[20] thank you to the first person to eat squid.

And to all the food pioneers who boldly

ate what none had eaten before -

giving those funny-looking foods

the chance to be delicious.

(Source: https://www.adforum.com/award-organization/6650183/showcase/2017/ad/34548009 retrieved on September26, 2019)

What does the adjective inedible mean in line1?