Questões de Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some Fresh Air

    A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.

    Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s, about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and reminded her not to touch the button that opened the emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour. Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police detention and a fine.

    In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in compensation to the airline.

    In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.

Adapted from https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air

Instrução: A questão referem-se ao texto abaixo.

Including migrant populations in health impact assessments

Lara Miramontes Kevin Pottie Maria Benkhalti Jandu Vivian Welch Keith Miller Megan James Janet Hatcher Roberts

    In 2010, there were 214 million international migrants worldwide, a number that is projected to double by
2050. Migrants' motives for leaving their countries of origin include employment and education opportunities,
escape from conflict and discrimination and the desire to raise families in economically and politically stable
environments.
[5]     New migrants are often healthier than the general population on arrival, but their health may deteriorate after
settlement, due to unfamiliar social conditions, infectious diseases, or restricted access to health services. Cul-

ural and linguistic barriers may contribute to poor delivery of health services. The 61st World Health Assembly
called on all Member States to "promote migrant-sensitive health policies". Some subgroups - especially refugees
- have a greater burden of infectious diseases and mental disorders than the indigenous population. Guidelines
[10] have been developed to assist health workers in the clinical management of migrating populations. However,
there are no explicit decision-support tools for policy-makers to ensure health equity for migrants. We believe
health impact assessment can account for the needs of migrant populations.
    Health impact assessment can improve health equity by mitigating unintended harms and maximizing
the benefits of programmes or policies. This approach supports decision-makers by suggesting actiona-

[15] ble recommendations for emerging policies and programmes.A number of health impact assessment tools have
been developed, several of which have emphasized the need to consider disadvantaged population groups.
However, a recent review found that only 14% of health impact assessments mentioned migrants in the evaluation
and only 2% included them in their recommendations.A recent consultation held at the WHO Collaborating Centre
for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity identified four challenges to
[20] the inclusion of migrants in health impact assessment: (i) including migrants in the scope of the assessment; (ii)
obtaining data on migrants; (iii) engaging migrant communities; and (iv) successfully appealing to decision-makers.

Adapted from: https://scielosp.org/article/bwho/2015.v93n12/888-889/en/. Access on: 24 Oct. 2020.

Read the text below and answer the questions which follow it.

OPINION: FAKE NEWS ABOUT THE CORONA VIRUS AND SCIENCE IN GENERAL

By Marc Schiltz

The news about the Corona Virus epidemic is making many people hold their breath on a daily basis. A theory has been spreading on social media that the virus did not – as assumed – start on a market in the Chinese city of Wuhan, but that it was created in a lab where scientists experimented with viruses. The ‘theory’ is that something went wrong with their experiment and this led to the virus. Despite no foundation for this claim, it is spreading like fire, like the virus itself.

The internet and social networks pose a new and difficult challenge for dealing with information. Scientific studies have shown that false information spreads on social media up to ten times faster than truthful information, and that false information tends to reach a wider number of users.

Then there is the phenomenon of “social robots”: robots deployed on social media to spread information in a way where it appears they are real users. A recent study indicated that one quarter of the tweets about climate change were posted by such robots, with the majority devoid of any scientific foundation. This proportion was higher in certain topics—robots were responsible for 38% of tweets about “fake science” and 28% of all tweets about the petroleum giant Exxon.

Science struggles with Fake News. Most of the time, Fake News are short and very objective. On the other hand, Scientific and medical articles are long and complex. Still, science must try to fight back– for example what the WHO is trying to do with information about the Corona Virus epidemic.

One avenue is to get more visibility, for example by bringing science together with ‘influencers’, supporting science journalists, or increasing the communication coming directly from the scientists. Science actors can also create their

own platforms with large visibility – as Luxembourg has done with science.lu.

It is clear – it will be a great challenge to limit the spread of Fake News and pseudo-science, just like the Corona Virus.

Avaiable in: https://www.fnr.lu/research-with-impact-fnrhighlight/opinion-fake-news-about-the-corona-virus-andscience-in-general/. Access 13 mar 2020.

Glossary: spread: espalhar; foundation: fundamento; deployed: implantados; devoid: desprovido(a); struggles: luta

Can we stop wearing masks after being vaccinated?

In some countries, wearing masks against COVID-19 is not mandatory anymore, but can the world follow suit?

21 May 2021- by Pryia Joi

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced in late April (2021) that people who have been fully vaccinated would not need to wear masks any more in most places, except for high-risk areas such as hospitals, nursing homes and on public transport. This change provides an extra incentive for people in the United States to get vaccinated. A few other countries have already gone maskfree, and it is probably one of the things people are looking forward to in a bid to return to normal, but it may not be the right approach for all countries just yet.

MASK-FREE NATIONS

Israel was the first country to lift the mandatory face mask rule, when it achieved low rates of symptomatic COVID-19 disease in April. Around 70% of the population has been vaccinated. Bhutan is also mask-free, after vaccinating 90% of its population in just two weeks.

New Zealand, which has been praised from the start for its rapid and effective response to the pandemic, has stopped the spread of COVID-19 among its population using non-pharmaceutical interventions such as tracking, tracing, and isolation of cases, so no-one has to wear masks anymore. China, one of the worst-hit countries at the start of the pandemic, brought the disease under control, and now masks are not mandatory anymore.

WHEN CAN WE ALL DITCH THE MASKS?

The US CDC justified their decision on a study indicating that healthcare workers at St. Jude’s Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine were 75% less likely to have asymptomatic infections. This means that if people have been vaccinated and they are not showing any symptoms of infection, they are much less likely to spread COVID-19 undetected.

However, it's not clear that all other vaccines, used in other countries, work equally well at preventing asymptomatic infections, or that any vaccine would do as well against the virus new variants. In addition, several new variants of SARS-CoV-2 also seem to affect children more than last year, and given that children are not yet vaccinated, and, in many countries, young children don’t have to wear masks, continuing to enforce mask-wearing even in vaccinated adults may be important.

Available in: https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork?gclid=Cj0KCQjwktKFB hCkARIsAJeDT0hnVYDGKpEitbKv_sRM0B8DkPUsFqfa7 Wz7X35r69mo-6IZclv-wLsaAjGhEALw_wcB. Access: 20 May 2020. Adapted.

Can we stop wearing masks after being vaccinated?

In some countries, wearing masks against COVID-19 is not mandatory anymore, but can the world follow suit?

21 May 2021- by Pryia Joi

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced in late April (2021) that people who have been fully vaccinated would not need to wear masks any more in most places, except for high-risk areas such as hospitals, nursing homes and on public transport. This change provides an extra incentive for people in the United States to get vaccinated. A few other countries have already gone maskfree, and it is probably one of the things people are looking forward to in a bid to return to normal, but it may not be the right approach for all countries just yet.

MASK-FREE NATIONS

Israel was the first country to lift the mandatory face mask rule, when it achieved low rates of symptomatic COVID-19 disease in April. Around 70% of the population has been vaccinated. Bhutan is also mask-free, after vaccinating 90% of its population in just two weeks.

New Zealand, which has been praised from the start for its rapid and effective response to the pandemic, has stopped the spread of COVID-19 among its population using non-pharmaceutical interventions such as tracking, tracing, and isolation of cases, so no-one has to wear masks anymore. China, one of the worst-hit countries at the start of the pandemic, brought the disease under control, and now masks are not mandatory anymore.

WHEN CAN WE ALL DITCH THE MASKS?

The US CDC justified their decision on a study indicating that healthcare workers at St. Jude’s Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine were 75% less likely to have asymptomatic infections. This means that if people have been vaccinated and they are not showing any symptoms of infection, they are much less likely to spread COVID-19 undetected.

However, it's not clear that all other vaccines, used in other countries, work equally well at preventing asymptomatic infections, or that any vaccine would do as well against the virus new variants. In addition, several new variants of SARS-CoV-2 also seem to affect children more than last year, and given that children are not yet vaccinated, and, in many countries, young children don’t have to wear masks, continuing to enforce mask-wearing even in vaccinated adults may be important.

Available in: https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork?gclid=Cj0KCQjwktKFB hCkARIsAJeDT0hnVYDGKpEitbKv_sRM0B8DkPUsFqfa7 Wz7X35r69mo-6IZclv-wLsaAjGhEALw_wcB. Access: 20 May 2020. Adapted.

Can we stop wearing masks after being vaccinated?

In some countries, wearing masks against COVID-19 is not mandatory anymore, but can the world follow suit?

21 May 2021- by Pryia Joi

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced in late April (2021) that people who have been fully vaccinated would not need to wear masks any more in most places, except for high-risk areas such as hospitals, nursing homes and on public transport. This change provides an extra incentive for people in the United States to get vaccinated. A few other countries have already gone maskfree, and it is probably one of the things people are looking forward to in a bid to return to normal, but it may not be the right approach for all countries just yet.

MASK-FREE NATIONS

Israel was the first country to lift the mandatory face mask rule, when it achieved low rates of symptomatic COVID-19 disease in April. Around 70% of the population has been vaccinated. Bhutan is also mask-free, after vaccinating 90% of its population in just two weeks.

New Zealand, which has been praised from the start for its rapid and effective response to the pandemic, has stopped the spread of COVID-19 among its population using non-pharmaceutical interventions such as tracking, tracing, and isolation of cases, so no-one has to wear masks anymore. China, one of the worst-hit countries at the start of the pandemic, brought the disease under control, and now masks are not mandatory anymore.

WHEN CAN WE ALL DITCH THE MASKS?

The US CDC justified their decision on a study indicating that healthcare workers at St. Jude’s Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine were 75% less likely to have asymptomatic infections. This means that if people have been vaccinated and they are not showing any symptoms of infection, they are much less likely to spread COVID-19 undetected.

However, it's not clear that all other vaccines, used in other countries, work equally well at preventing asymptomatic infections, or that any vaccine would do as well against the virus new variants. In addition, several new variants of SARS-CoV-2 also seem to affect children more than last year, and given that children are not yet vaccinated, and, in many countries, young children don’t have to wear masks, continuing to enforce mask-wearing even in vaccinated adults may be important.

Available in: https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork?gclid=Cj0KCQjwktKFB hCkARIsAJeDT0hnVYDGKpEitbKv_sRM0B8DkPUsFqfa7 Wz7X35r69mo-6IZclv-wLsaAjGhEALw_wcB. Access: 20 May 2020. Adapted.