Questões de Inglês

Texto-base para a questão.

Eight-year-old’s handwritten novel takes Idaho town by storm

Good things come to those who wait – but with a bit of hustle, success can come sooner than you think.

    That is the lesson learned by eight-year-old Dillon Helbig, whose first book has become a surprise hit in his Idaho town of Boise. He snuck his 81-page handwritten Christmas tale onto a bookshelf at his local library without anyone noticing. But to the surprise of both himself and his parents, 56 people have joined the library’s waitlist to read it.

    The fictional novel tells the story of how Dillon was decorating his Christmas tree when it exploded, magically transporting him back to the year 1621. The year is a reference to when the Thanksgiving holiday was first celebrated in the US, a fact he checked with his mother while working on the book over the winter holidays.

    The book was written by hand over four days in a journal and illustrated with drawings – also by the author. He gave it the title The Adventures of Dillon Helbig’s Crismis, and named the author as Dillon Helbig His Self.

    But the only reason the self-produced novel became known outside of Dillon’s home was because of how it ended up in the local library system. While on a trip to the library with his grandmother shortly after finishing the book, Dillon took a risk. He decided to place the only copy of the book on a shelf when nobody was looking.

    “There was a lot of librarians that I had to sneak past, so do you know what I did? I covered up this part and covered the back with my body and just snuck it in,” Dillon explained to a local television station. “I always be sneaky, like how I get chocolate,” he added.

    When the local branch discovered the book they decided to process it and include it in their collection. “Dillon’s book definitely fit all the criteria that we would look for to include a book in our collection,” the library manager, Alex Hartman, said.

    As for Dillon, he already has plans for a sequel. He told interested reporters that his next book will be “based on actual events.” And he has already decided on a title for it – The JacketEating Closet.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60229749

Texto-base para a questão.

Eight-year-old’s handwritten novel takes Idaho town by storm

Good things come to those who wait – but with a bit of hustle, success can come sooner than you think.

    That is the lesson learned by eight-year-old Dillon Helbig, whose first book has become a surprise hit in his Idaho town of Boise. He snuck his 81-page handwritten Christmas tale onto a bookshelf at his local library without anyone noticing. But to the surprise of both himself and his parents, 56 people have joined the library’s waitlist to read it.

    The fictional novel tells the story of how Dillon was decorating his Christmas tree when it exploded, magically transporting him back to the year 1621. The year is a reference to when the Thanksgiving holiday was first celebrated in the US, a fact he checked with his mother while working on the book over the winter holidays.

    The book was written by hand over four days in a journal and illustrated with drawings – also by the author. He gave it the title The Adventures of Dillon Helbig’s Crismis, and named the author as Dillon Helbig His Self.

    But the only reason the self-produced novel became known outside of Dillon’s home was because of how it ended up in the local library system. While on a trip to the library with his grandmother shortly after finishing the book, Dillon took a risk. He decided to place the only copy of the book on a shelf when nobody was looking.

    “There was a lot of librarians that I had to sneak past, so do you know what I did? I covered up this part and covered the back with my body and just snuck it in,” Dillon explained to a local television station. “I always be sneaky, like how I get chocolate,” he added.

    When the local branch discovered the book they decided to process it and include it in their collection. “Dillon’s book definitely fit all the criteria that we would look for to include a book in our collection,” the library manager, Alex Hartman, said.

    As for Dillon, he already has plans for a sequel. He told interested reporters that his next book will be “based on actual events.” And he has already decided on a title for it – The JacketEating Closet.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60229749

Texto-base para a questão.

Eight-year-old’s handwritten novel takes Idaho town by storm

Good things come to those who wait – but with a bit of hustle, success can come sooner than you think.

    That is the lesson learned by eight-year-old Dillon Helbig, whose first book has become a surprise hit in his Idaho town of Boise. He snuck his 81-page handwritten Christmas tale onto a bookshelf at his local library without anyone noticing. But to the surprise of both himself and his parents, 56 people have joined the library’s waitlist to read it.

    The fictional novel tells the story of how Dillon was decorating his Christmas tree when it exploded, magically transporting him back to the year 1621. The year is a reference to when the Thanksgiving holiday was first celebrated in the US, a fact he checked with his mother while working on the book over the winter holidays.

    The book was written by hand over four days in a journal and illustrated with drawings – also by the author. He gave it the title The Adventures of Dillon Helbig’s Crismis, and named the author as Dillon Helbig His Self.

    But the only reason the self-produced novel became known outside of Dillon’s home was because of how it ended up in the local library system. While on a trip to the library with his grandmother shortly after finishing the book, Dillon took a risk. He decided to place the only copy of the book on a shelf when nobody was looking.

    “There was a lot of librarians that I had to sneak past, so do you know what I did? I covered up this part and covered the back with my body and just snuck it in,” Dillon explained to a local television station. “I always be sneaky, like how I get chocolate,” he added.

    When the local branch discovered the book they decided to process it and include it in their collection. “Dillon’s book definitely fit all the criteria that we would look for to include a book in our collection,” the library manager, Alex Hartman, said.

    As for Dillon, he already has plans for a sequel. He told interested reporters that his next book will be “based on actual events.” And he has already decided on a title for it – The JacketEating Closet.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60229749

Global monkeypox outbreak was "waiting to happen"

by Emily Craig

25/5/2022

    Eradicating smallpox may have left the world vulnerable to monkeypox, experts have warned amid growing fears about the current outbreak sweeping the world.

    Britons were routinely offered smallpox Jabs until the 1970s, when the scheme was deemed no longer necessary because the virus had been beaten into submission. Similar programmes were wound down across the world at the same time.

    Scientists say the waning immunity from the mammoth inoculation campaigns may help explain why monkeypox outbreaks are becoming more common across the world.

    Although not purposefully made for monkeypox, the Imvanex jab — made by Danish-based Bavarian Nordic — is up to 85 per cent effective because the two viruses are so similar. Antivirals and therapies for smallpox also work for monkeypox.

    Dr Romulus Breban, a researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, said the current global outbreak was 'waiting to happen¹ because of the world's 'almost zero' immunity levei. Nineteen countries have detected cases in the past month, which has sparked alarm because infections usually only occur in west and central África.

    Professor Neil Mabbott, an immunopathologist from the University of Edinburgh, told MailOnline over-50s are the only group protected against monkeypox. 'Although the levei of immunity will wane in time, smallpox vaccination provides long-lasting protection,' he said. 'Some estimates suggest this may last for decades.'

    There are signs that monkeypox was becoming more common even before the latest outbreak, with studies in África suggesting the rates increased 20-fold between the 1980s and mid-2000s.

    Experts believe larger populations and more interaction with infected animais are behind the rise.

    At least 221 monkeypox cases have been confirmed across the world since the first patient was sickened in the UK on May 6, with most infections among gay and bisexual men. The United Arab Emirates, Czech Republic and Slovenia are the latest countries to log infections.

    The Czech man showed symptoms of the disease after returning from a festival in Antwerp, Belgium in early May. Several monkeypox cases have since been linked with Darklands-a large-scale fetish festival, held from May 5-8.

    The UK Health Security Agency is contacting high-risk contacts of confirmed cases and advising them to self-isolate at home for three weeks and avoid contact with children.

    They are also being offered the Imvanex vaccine.

    This strategy, known as ring vaccination, involves jabbing and monitoring anyone around an infected person to form a buffer of immune people to limit the spread of the disease.

    But the winding down of the campaign, which also kept monkeypox under control, has left unjabbed Britons exposed to the virus.

    As the proportion of the UK population with immunity against monkeypox has declined, it has theoretically given the virus room to circulate and be transmitted easier.

    Dr Breban told the Guardian: 'This outbreak was really waiting to happen. Our immunity levei is almost zero. People aged 50 and above are likely to be immune but the rest of us not, so we are very, very susceptible.'

    In a paper published in the journal Bulletin of the World Health Organization in September 2020, Dr Breban and colleagues warned monkeypox 'is an emerging infectious disease for which outbreak frequency and expected outbreak size in human populations have steadily increased'.

    The team pinpointed the spread of cases beyond west and central África as a pattern fuelled by the decline in immunity against orthopox viruses, a family of viruses that also includes smallpox and monkeypox, due to the end of the vaccination scheme.

(...)

Source: Daily Mail (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-10849635/Global-monkeypox-outbreak-wa iting-happen-scientists-say.html)

Read Passage 2 carefully, and then answer the question.

PASSAGE 2

[1] What are non-traditional study abroad programs? 
Non-traditional study abroad programs break from the mold of taking academic courses at one institution 
overseas. Also known as alternative or extreme study abroad, this new wave of options mixes things up through 
a focus on travel, service-learning, or cultural immersion instead of more traditional coursework. 
[5] These programs can last the standard length of a semester or year or can be shorter, ranging from a few days to 
several weeks. The flexibility in program length offers students who may have difficulties breaking away from a 
rigorous course schedule the chance to go overseas and gain insight through a new experience. 
Who should consider non-traditional study abroad program? 
There is no right way to study abroad, and every student should find a program that matches their personal 
[10] learning style and goals. Students who are more likely to enjoy non-traditional study abroad programs have a 
high level of independence and are searching for unique experiences. They should also be looking for a way to 
learn that doesn’t involve a classroom. Alternative study abroad programs will often narrowly focus on a specific 
topic, generally relevant to the program's location. This provides the opportunity for students to gain specialized 
experience in an area of interest.

Available at: https://www.gooverseas.com/blog/alternative-study-abroad-programs (adapted) Accessed on: 17/07/2022.

Read Passage 1 carefully, and then answer the question.

PASSAGE  1 

AMERICAN INDIAN CODE TALKERS

[1]     What is a code talker? A code talker is the name given to American Indians who used their tribal language to 
send secret communications on the battlefield. Most people have heard of the famous Navajo (or Diné) code 
talkers who used their traditional language to transmit secret Allied messages in the Pacific theater of combat 
during World War II. But did you know that there were at least 14 other Native nations, including the Cherokee 
[5] and Comanche, that served as code talkers in both the Pacific and Europe during the war?  The idea of using 
American Indians who were fluent in both their traditional tribal language and in English to send secret 
messages in battle was first put to the test in World War I with the Choctaw Telephone Squad and other Native 
communications experts and messengers. However, it wasn’t until World War II that the US military developed a 
specific policy to recruit and train American Indian speakers to become code talkers.  
[10]     The US Army was the first branch of the military that began recruiting code talkers from places like Oklahoma 
in 1940. Apart from basic training, these men had to develop and memorize a unique military code using their 
mostly unwritten language, and were placed in a guarded room until this task was completed. The first type of 
code they created, Type 1 code, consisted of 26 Navajo terms that stood for individual English letters that could 
be used to spell out a word. For instance, the Navajo word for “ant”, “wo-la-chee”, was used to represent the 
[15] letter “a” in English. Type 2 code contained words that could be directly translated from English into Navajo. For 
instance, since there was no existing Navajo word for “submarine”, the code talkers agreed to use the term 
besh-lo, which translates to “iron fish.” Despite their heroic contributions during the war, American Indian code 
talkers were told that they had to keep their work secret. While there was some recognition in the 1970s and 
1980s, it wasn’t until 2001 that Congressional Gold Medals were given to the Navajo and other code talkers. 

Available at: https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/american-indian-code-talkers (adapted) Accessed on: 07/06/2021.