Questões de Inglês

Read Passage 1 carefully, and then answer the question.

 

PASSAGE 1

 

HOW TO INCORPORATE WORLD ENGLISHES IN THE CLASSROOM?

 

[1]    How to teach World Englishes? There is not a single definite answer to this question, as there is no “one 
size fits all” approach for incorporating the different varieties of English in the classroom. However, generally, 
teachers can take a World Englishes approach in their lessons by working to pluralize students’ perceptions. This 
can be accomplished, for example, by accepting cultural, rhetorical, and stylistic variations as well as by treating 
[5] students fairly when they use different English varieties in the classroom. Matsuda and Matsuda (2010) offer 
five principles that can guide teachers to incorporate World Englishes in a writing classroom: 

       • Teach the dominant language forms and functions. 
       • Teach the non-dominant language forms and functions. 
       • Teach the boundary between what works and what does not. 
[10] • Teach the principles and strategies of discourse negotiation. 
       • Teach the risks involved in using deviational features. 

    The other strategy Matsuda and Matsuda mention is teacher collaboration. This focuses on designing 
opportunities for students to interact in socially-diverse activities and reflect deeply on their communication 
experiences. It also requires teachers to identify key concepts students can use to make sense of the complex 
[15] communication experiences in their specific contexts.

Available at: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/english_as_a_second_language/world_englishes/classroom_applications_and_activities.html . Accessed on 18 July, 2022.

The main idea of the passage is to

Text 03

Dear Coldplay, listen to Massive Attack and save yourselves from greenwashing

Lead singer Chris Martin, on their current Music of the Spheres tour. Photograph: Getty Images.

 

1 - Coldplay had a head full of dreams this week when they announced the details of a low-emission world tour driven by concerns for sustainability. Some of the green interventions are well-meaning, other are just gimmicks, such as a kinetic dance floor that generates electricity from the movement of fans. However, the detail of some of the proposed climate measures would appal even the mildly eco-minded.

2 - Perhaps worst of all is the partnership with Neste – a Finnish oil refining and marketing corporation that will provide the band with “sustainable aviation fuel” for flights and “renewable diesel” for tour transportation and stage power generation.

3 - Neste claims to be the world’s biggest biofuel company, processing 1.3m tonnes of palm oil and palm oil products into fuel in 2019, according to Friends of the Earth. Biofuels are composed of animals or plant waste, such as ethanol derived from maize, and are therefore marketed as “renewable”.

4 - The problems start with the huge land area growing crops for biofuel can require, often driving land grabs and presenting insurmountable challenges to food security. Besides this, biofuel production is hardly a climatic or ecological paradise – it causes severe emissions and habitat and biodiversity loss through deforestation.

5 - You could excuse the band’s headlong dive into what critics have called “greenwash” as a rush of blood to the head – had they not announced a pause on touring in 2019 until they could do so carbon neutrally. Three years later, they thought halfway was good enough, with their 2022 tour project to be 50% lower in emissions than their last, with the other half achieved through offsetting.

6 - Decarbonizing live music is necessary, laudable and a daunting task. But, like many facets of the climate world, the real routes to cutting emission are rarely sexy.

7- Coldplay are not the first to explore this, with Radiohead attempting a low-carbon tour in 2008, making use of alternative travel and local equipment hiring. More recent contenders for green rock stars include Massive Attack, who have argued that the challenge is “to avoid more pledges, promises and greenwashing headlines and instead embrace seismic change”.

8 - Massive Attack’s report suggests less aviation, rather than celebrating alternative fuels, is necessary. Scepticism of sustainable aviation fuels, after all, is justified: they have been promised for decades, but only accounted for 0.01% of jet fuel in 2019.

9 - Importantly, Massive Attack eschew carbon offsets, currently the go-to climate solution for most eco-minded people in the music industry. Coldplay say they will make their tour “neutral” by offsetting the other half through technologies like carbon capture and storage. But campaigners and climate scientists have long argued offsetting should be reserved only for “hard-to-decarbonize” sectors – think the cement industry, not gigs. Otherwise, it simply provides a quick fix excuse for the rich and famous who plan to pollute now and offset later.

10 - Of course, not all of Coldplay’s efforts are for show, and it is an admirable step down the path to zero-emissions music. But to really make an impact, more consideration should be put into what they are indirectly promoting with the emissions reductions schemes. Perhaps this could start with a conscious uncoupling from Neste.

Disponível em: http://www.theguardian.com/commentsfree/2022/may/11/coldplay-massive-attack-greenwashing-neste Acesso:

Observe as breves análises linguísticas apresentadas a seguir e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

The following text refers to question

 

People ‘Never Smiled In Old Photos’ For Some Very Bizarre Reasons.

If you’ve ever looked at an old photo, perhaps you ____________ that nobody ever seems to be smiling in them. Did you ever wonder why that is?

Times were hard back in the day and there wasn’t much to smile about.

Money was tight, the world was a blackened and polluted mess and stood on the brink of global conflict.

OK, so maybe it wasn’t that different to now after all, but that _______________ today’s modern photo subjects from baring their teeth in a grin regardless.

First off, people were scared of photographs. It was a new technology that people ________ really ___________, and probably could have seemed a bit like a trip to the dentist.

Furthermore, beauty standards were different back then. Having a small mouth was actually a desirable thing – which brings us onto another problem – dental hygiene wasn’t quite what it is today.

Another thing you’d want to avoid was looking like you had some sort of mental illness.

Having a wide smile was construed as a symptom of ‘madness’ back in the day, whereas standing still and emotionless wasn’t at all weird.

Lastly, there’s the simple operational reason that photographs just took ages to take back in the olden days.

From front to back, taking a picture on an old camera could have taken up to 15 minutes, meaning that holding the one facial position rather than your resting face would probably end up getting a bit painful and tedious after a bit.

(Available in: https://www.ladbible.com/community/psychology-expert-breaks-down-reasons-why-people-fall-for-conspiricies-20220320.)

Mark the alternative that can substitute the underlined and in bold type word without changing the meaning of the sentence.

The following text refers to question

 

People ‘Never Smiled In Old Photos’ For Some Very Bizarre Reasons.

If you’ve ever looked at an old photo, perhaps you ____________ that nobody ever seems to be smiling in them. Did you ever wonder why that is?

Times were hard back in the day and there wasn’t much to smile about.

Money was tight, the world was a blackened and polluted mess and stood on the brink of global conflict.

OK, so maybe it wasn’t that different to now after all, but that _______________ today’s modern photo subjects from baring their teeth in a grin regardless.

First off, people were scared of photographs. It was a new technology that people ________ really ___________, and probably could have seemed a bit like a trip to the dentist.

Furthermore, beauty standards were different back then. Having a small mouth was actually a desirable thing – which brings us onto another problem – dental hygiene wasn’t quite what it is today.

Another thing you’d want to avoid was looking like you had some sort of mental illness.

Having a wide smile was construed as a symptom of ‘madness’ back in the day, whereas standing still and emotionless wasn’t at all weird.

Lastly, there’s the simple operational reason that photographs just took ages to take back in the olden days.

From front to back, taking a picture on an old camera could have taken up to 15 minutes, meaning that holding the one facial position rather than your resting face would probably end up getting a bit painful and tedious after a bit.

(Available in: https://www.ladbible.com/community/psychology-expert-breaks-down-reasons-why-people-fall-for-conspiricies-20220320.)

Consider the following statements about the fact that people did not smile in old photos:

1. They were afraid of taking pictures.
2. Personal teeth hygiene was poor.
3. Insanity was related to bright smiles.
4. Frowning faces were socially accepted. 

 

Mark the correct alternative.

Mark the alternative that completes the gaps correctly, in the order they appear in the text.

 

Pawel Kuczyński. Internet: cultivacultura.jimdofree.com

 

Examine the previous image, which is an illustration by Pawel Kuczyński, and choose the correct option in item

 

The illustration is a critique of society because