Questões de Inglês

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) ISSUES FIRST GLOBAL REPORT ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN HEALTH

 

Growing use of AI for health presents governments, providers, and communities with opportunities and challenges

 

28 June 2021  

 

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great promise for improving the delivery of healthcare and medicine worldwide, but only if ethics and human rights are put at the heart of its design, deployment, and use, according to new WHO guidance published today.

    “Like all new technology, artificial intelligence holds enormous potential for improving the health of millions of people around the world, but like all technology it can also be misused and cause harm,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This important new report provides a valuable guide for countries on how to maximize the benefits of AI, while minimizing its risks and avoiding its pitfalls.”

    WHO’s new report cautions against overestimating the benefits of AI for health, especially when this occurs at the expense of core investments and strategies required to achieve universal health coverage. It also points out that opportunities are linked to challenges and risks, including unethical collection and use of health data, biases encoded in algorithms, and risks of AI to patient safety, cybersecurity and the environment.

    AI systems should therefore be carefully designed to reflect the diversity of socio-economic and health-care settings. They should be accompanied by training in digital skills, community engagement and awareness-raising, especially for millions of healthcare workers who will require digital literacy or retraining, if their roles and functions are automated, and who must contend with machines that could challenge the decision-making and autonomy of providers and patients.

    Ultimately, guided by existing laws and human rights obligations, and new laws and policies that enshrine ethical principles, governments, providers, and designers must work together to address ethics and human rights concerns at every stage of an AI technology’s design, development, and deployment.

Adapted from: who.int. Accessed April 10 2023.

Considering the implementation of AI, the aim of paragraph 4 is:

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) ISSUES FIRST GLOBAL REPORT ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN HEALTH

 

Growing use of AI for health presents governments, providers, and communities with opportunities and challenges

 

28 June 2021  

 

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great promise for improving the delivery of healthcare and medicine worldwide, but only if ethics and human rights are put at the heart of its design, deployment, and use, according to new WHO guidance published today.

    “Like all new technology, artificial intelligence holds enormous potential for improving the health of millions of people around the world, but like all technology it can also be misused and cause harm,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This important new report provides a valuable guide for countries on how to maximize the benefits of AI, while minimizing its risks and avoiding its pitfalls.”

    WHO’s new report cautions against overestimating the benefits of AI for health, especially when this occurs at the expense of core investments and strategies required to achieve universal health coverage. It also points out that opportunities are linked to challenges and risks, including unethical collection and use of health data, biases encoded in algorithms, and risks of AI to patient safety, cybersecurity and the environment.

    AI systems should therefore be carefully designed to reflect the diversity of socio-economic and health-care settings. They should be accompanied by training in digital skills, community engagement and awareness-raising, especially for millions of healthcare workers who will require digital literacy or retraining, if their roles and functions are automated, and who must contend with machines that could challenge the decision-making and autonomy of providers and patients.

    Ultimately, guided by existing laws and human rights obligations, and new laws and policies that enshrine ethical principles, governments, providers, and designers must work together to address ethics and human rights concerns at every stage of an AI technology’s design, development, and deployment.

Adapted from: who.int. Accessed April 10 2023.

Considering the use of AI in medicine, the main point supported throughout the news report is:

SOME MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS MAY NOT BENEFIT FROM TELEMEDICINE

 

by University of California, Irvine

 

(1ˢᵗ §) Telemedicine, which has seen a rapid expansion since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, benefited some sectors of the population, but research led by the University of California shows that the benefits were not evenly felt across all race/ethnic groups. Limited English proficient, medically underserved patients faced several language and socioeconomic barriers that may have compromised the services' effectiveness.

(2ⁿᵈ §) Prior to the pandemic, telemedicine was an optional, convenient format for doctors and nurses to deliver healthcare and provide advice to patients who desired the convenience of "seeing" their primary care physician or a nurse virtually. With COVID-19, federal and state policy changes were adopted that allowed for the rapid expansion of telemedicine services across the U.S., as temporary measures to lessen the spread of the virus during the early stages of the pandemic.

(3ʳᵈ §) "Unfortunately, the convenience of telemedicine wasn't felt by all groups. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the structural vulnerabilities of patients from marginalized communities, whose perspectives have largely been left out of conversations about this emerging healthcare service," said corresponding author Denise Diaz Payán, Ph.D., MPP, an assistant professor of health, society, and behavior at the UCI Program in Public Health. "We found that older patients with limited English proficiency and digital literacy faced the greatest barriers in accessing quality telemedicine services", said the professor.

Adapted from: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-non-english-speaking-medically-compromised-patients-benefit.html. Accessed August 22. 2022.

Considering the spread covid-19 during the early stages of the pandemic, the expansion of telemedicine was necessary to:

SOME MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS MAY NOT BENEFIT FROM TELEMEDICINE

 

by University of California, Irvine

 

(1ˢᵗ §) Telemedicine, which has seen a rapid expansion since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, benefited some sectors of the population, but research led by the University of California shows that the benefits were not evenly felt across all race/ethnic groups. Limited English proficient, medically underserved patients faced several language and socioeconomic barriers that may have compromised the services' effectiveness.

(2ⁿᵈ §) Prior to the pandemic, telemedicine was an optional, convenient format for doctors and nurses to deliver healthcare and provide advice to patients who desired the convenience of "seeing" their primary care physician or a nurse virtually. With COVID-19, federal and state policy changes were adopted that allowed for the rapid expansion of telemedicine services across the U.S., as temporary measures to lessen the spread of the virus during the early stages of the pandemic.

(3ʳᵈ §) "Unfortunately, the convenience of telemedicine wasn't felt by all groups. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the structural vulnerabilities of patients from marginalized communities, whose perspectives have largely been left out of conversations about this emerging healthcare service," said corresponding author Denise Diaz Payán, Ph.D., MPP, an assistant professor of health, society, and behavior at the UCI Program in Public Health. "We found that older patients with limited English proficiency and digital literacy faced the greatest barriers in accessing quality telemedicine services", said the professor.

Adapted from: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-non-english-speaking-medically-compromised-patients-benefit.html. Accessed August 22. 2022.

According to the article, the main problem faced by telemedicine is related to its:

Leia o cartum de Lela Lee.

(www.gocomics.com. Adaptado.)

 

No trecho do segundo quadrinho “The more I learn about people, the more I like my cat”, a expressão sublinhada expressa

Leia o pôster de uma campanha da cidade de Nova Iorque (NYC) para responder à questão

(www.nyc.gov. Adaptado.)

O objetivo principal da campanha é