Questões de Inglês

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

 

Is beauty truth, and truth beauty? The two are
intimately connected, possibly because our
minds react similarly to both. But what works
in mathematics need not work in physics, and
[5] vice versa. The relationship between
mathematics and physics is deep, subtle, and
puzzling. It is a philosophical conundrum of the
highest order – how science has uncovered
apparent “laws” in nature, and why nature
[10] seems to speak in the language of
mathematics.
Is the universe genuinely mathematical? Are its
apparent mathematical features mere human
inventions? Or does it seem mathematical to us
[15] because mathematics is the deepest aspect of
its infinitely complex nature that we are able to
understand?
Mathematics is not some disembodied version
of ultimate truth, as many used to think. If
[20] anything emerges from our tale, it is that
mathematics is created by people. ........
mathematicians are human and live ordinary
human lives, the creation of new mathematics
is partly a social process. But neither
[25] mathematics nor science is wholly the result of
social processes, as social relativists often
claim. Both must respect external constraints:
logic, in the case of mathematics, and
experiment, in the case of science. However
[30] desperately mathematicians might want to
trisect an angle by Euclidean methods, the
plain fact is that it is impossible. However
strongly physicists might want Newton's law of
gravity to be the ultimate description of the
[35] universe, the motion of the perihelion of
Mercury proves that it's not. This is why
mathematicians are so stubbornly logical, and
obsessed by concerns that most people could
not care less about. Does it really matter
[40] whether you can solve a quintic by radicals?
History's verdict on this question is
unequivocal. It does matter. It may not matter
directly for everyday life, but it surely matters
to humanity as a whole – not because anything
[45] important rests on being able to solve quintic
equations, but because understanding why we
can't opens a secret doorway to a new
mathematical world. If Galois and his

predecessors had not been obsessed with
[50] understanding the conditions under which an
equation can be solved by radicals, humanity's
discovery of group theory would have been
greatly delayed, and perhaps might not have
happened.
[55] You may not encounter groups in your kitchen
or on your drive to work, but without them
today's science would be severely curtailed,
and our lives would be far different. Not so
much in gadgetry like jumbo jets or GPS
[60] navigation or cell phones – though those are
part of the story too – but in insight into nature.
No one could have predicted that a pedantic
question about equations could reveal the deep
structure of the physical world, but that is what
[65] happened.
The clear message of history is a simple one.
Research on deep mathematical issues should
not be rejected or besmirched merely because
those issues seem to have no direct practical
[70] use. Good mathematics is more valuable than
gold, and where it comes from is mostly
irrelevant. What counts is where it leads.

Adapted from: STEWART, I. Why Beauty is Truth – The History of Symmetry. Cambridge, MA: Basic Books, 2007. p. 275-276.

If the segment the universe (l. 12) were replaced by universes, how many additional changes would be necessary for the paragraph from lines 12 to 17 to be grammatically correct?

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

 

Is beauty truth, and truth beauty? The two are
intimately connected, possibly because our
minds react similarly to both. But what works
in mathematics need not work in physics, and
[5] vice versa. The relationship between
mathematics and physics is deep, subtle, and
puzzling. It is a philosophical conundrum of the
highest order – how science has uncovered
apparent “laws” in nature, and why nature
[10] seems to speak in the language of
mathematics.
Is the universe genuinely mathematical? Are its
apparent mathematical features mere human
inventions? Or does it seem mathematical to us
[15] because mathematics is the deepest aspect of
its infinitely complex nature that we are able to
understand?
Mathematics is not some disembodied version
of ultimate truth, as many used to think. If
[20] anything emerges from our tale, it is that
mathematics is created by people. ........
mathematicians are human and live ordinary
human lives, the creation of new mathematics
is partly a social process. But neither
[25] mathematics nor science is wholly the result of
social processes, as social relativists often
claim. Both must respect external constraints:
logic, in the case of mathematics, and
experiment, in the case of science. However
[30] desperately mathematicians might want to
trisect an angle by Euclidean methods, the
plain fact is that it is impossible. However
strongly physicists might want Newton's law of
gravity to be the ultimate description of the
[35] universe, the motion of the perihelion of
Mercury proves that it's not. This is why
mathematicians are so stubbornly logical, and
obsessed by concerns that most people could
not care less about. Does it really matter
[40] whether you can solve a quintic by radicals?
History's verdict on this question is
unequivocal. It does matter. It may not matter
directly for everyday life, but it surely matters
to humanity as a whole – not because anything
[45] important rests on being able to solve quintic
equations, but because understanding why we
can't opens a secret doorway to a new
mathematical world. If Galois and his

predecessors had not been obsessed with
[50] understanding the conditions under which an
equation can be solved by radicals, humanity's
discovery of group theory would have been
greatly delayed, and perhaps might not have
happened.
[55] You may not encounter groups in your kitchen
or on your drive to work, but without them
today's science would be severely curtailed,
and our lives would be far different. Not so
much in gadgetry like jumbo jets or GPS
[60] navigation or cell phones – though those are
part of the story too – but in insight into nature.
No one could have predicted that a pedantic
question about equations could reveal the deep
structure of the physical world, but that is what
[65] happened.
The clear message of history is a simple one.
Research on deep mathematical issues should
not be rejected or besmirched merely because
those issues seem to have no direct practical
[70] use. Good mathematics is more valuable than
gold, and where it comes from is mostly
irrelevant. What counts is where it leads.

Adapted from: STEWART, I. Why Beauty is Truth – The History of Symmetry. Cambridge, MA: Basic Books, 2007. p. 275-276.

Select the alternative that offers adequate synonyms to the words intimately (l. 02), genuinely (l. 12) and stubbornly (l. 37).

Identify the sentence in which the Verb Tense is NOT CORRECT according to the standard grammar rules.

Analyse the sentences below.

 

I. Nobody has called for me, have they?
II. I'm going to receive an email with the details, aren't I?
III. Let’s meet at Brian's, shall we?
IV. Have some more tea, would you?
V. Everyone has left, hasn’t they?
VI. She's hardly ever at home, is she?

 

Now mark the CORRECT alternative according to the standard grammar rules for the use of Question Tags in the six sentences above.

Read the passage carefully and answer question

 

Drought turns Amazonian capital into climate dystopia
Forest fires leave Manaus with second worst air quality in the world, while low river levels cut off communities

A withering drought has turned the Amazonian capital of Manaus into a climate dystopia with the second worst air quality in the world and rivers at the lowest levels in 121 years.

The city of 1 million people, which is surrounded by a forest of trees, normally basks under blue skies. Tourists take pleasure boats to the nearby meeting of the Negro and Amazon (known locally as the Solimões) rivers, where dolphins can often be seen enjoying what are usually the most abundant freshwater resources in the world.

 

But an unusually dry season, worsened by an El Niño and human-driven global heating, has threatened the city's self-image, the wellbeing of its residents and the survival prospects for the entire Amazon basin.

Rivers are the only means of access in many parts of the Amazon. Photograph: Michael Dantas/AFP/Getty Images

The forest capital has been enveloped in a murky brown haze reminiscent of China during its most polluted phase. The usually vibrant port has been pushed far out across the dried-up, rubbish- strewn mud flats.

So many fires are burning in the surrounding tinder-dry forest that air-quality monitors last week registered 387 micrograms of pollution a cubic metre, compared with 122 in Brazil's economic capital of São Paulo. The only city in the world that measured worse was an industrial centre of Thailand.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/18/drought-amazon-capital-climate-manaus-forest- fires-air-quality-rivers Accessed on Oct. 24th, 2023 [Adapted].

What can be understood in "The city of 1 million people (...) normally basks under blue skies"?

Read the passage carefully and answer question

 

Drought turns Amazonian capital into climate dystopia
Forest fires leave Manaus with second worst air quality in the world, while low river levels cut off communities

A withering drought has turned the Amazonian capital of Manaus into a climate dystopia with the second worst air quality in the world and rivers at the lowest levels in 121 years.

The city of 1 million people, which is surrounded by a forest of trees, normally basks under blue skies. Tourists take pleasure boats to the nearby meeting of the Negro and Amazon (known locally as the Solimões) rivers, where dolphins can often be seen enjoying what are usually the most abundant freshwater resources in the world.

 

But an unusually dry season, worsened by an El Niño and human-driven global heating, has threatened the city's self-image, the wellbeing of its residents and the survival prospects for the entire Amazon basin.

Rivers are the only means of access in many parts of the Amazon. Photograph: Michael Dantas/AFP/Getty Images

The forest capital has been enveloped in a murky brown haze reminiscent of China during its most polluted phase. The usually vibrant port has been pushed far out across the dried-up, rubbish- strewn mud flats.

So many fires are burning in the surrounding tinder-dry forest that air-quality monitors last week registered 387 micrograms of pollution a cubic metre, compared with 122 in Brazil's economic capital of São Paulo. The only city in the world that measured worse was an industrial centre of Thailand.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/18/drought-amazon-capital-climate-manaus-forest- fires-air-quality-rivers Accessed on Oct. 24th, 2023 [Adapted].

Which statement correctly illustrates the climate crisis in Manaus?