Questões de Inglês

Microplastics have already been found in human breast milk, lungs, and blood.

The particles are so small that it’s easy to ingest or inhale them. Scientists still aren’t sure how that might affect human health, but some early research points to cause for concern: One 2021 study found that patients with inflammatory bowel disease had more microplastics in their feces than healthy subjects, while another recent paper reported that people with microplastics in their blood vessels had an increased risk of heart complications.

We can’t directly control many of the microplastics we’re exposed to — the materials used in car tires, food manufacturing, paint, and many other products can all create plastic particles. But if you’re worried about microplastics, there are simple steps to take to minimize your exposure somewhat, experts say. “You’re not going to get to zero, but you can reduce your levels,” said Tracey Woodruff, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, who studies how chemicals affect health.

Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2024 (adaptado).

 

The main objective of The New York Times article is to

THE AMAZING WOMAN WHO CAN SMELL PARKINSON’S DISEASE – BEFORE SYMPTOMS APPEAR

 

 Researchers at the University of Edinburgh gave T-shirts to six people with Parkinson’s and six people without the disease. After the subjects wore the shirts, they were passed on to Joy Milne, who then had to determine by smell whether each wearer had Parkinson’s.

 Her diagnoses were strangely accurate – and have potentially unprecedented implications for people living with the disease. Milne made correct assessments for 11 out of the 12 cases. In the one case she got “wrong,” she insisted that a T-shirt worn by a member of the control group had the warning scent.

 Eight months after the study was conducted, she was proven right, bringing her accuracy rate up to one hundred. The supposedly healthy individual contacted one of the doctors and informed him that he had, in fact, just been diagnosed with Parkinson’s.

Disponível em: https://www.smh.com.au. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2024 (adaptado).

 

Due to Joy Milne’s impressive sense of smell, on a study she

 My father was a die-hard college football fan up until the end. And when the end did come, it was in a hospital bed surrounded by his children. At one point, the doctor came into his room and gently got to the point: “Do you want us to resuscitate if your heart fails?”

 My father shook his head, saying quietly, “No, no. Let me go, let me go.”

 My sisters and I stood in silence, grasping the gravity of the situation. Then my dad spoke up again and said, “Unless Ohio State is on TV — then bring me back.” — Rick Eichhorn, Centerville, Ohio

Disponível em: https://www.rd.com. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2024 (adaptado).

 

Na piada, o efeito humorístico ocorre porque um dos personagens

THE SPIDER

Dear Sir, 
I watch you from the ceiling, 
your coffee requests more sugar. 
Something about the clothes and the shoes is off, 
you shouldn’t have patched up all the holes. 
Grab the day like a knife, 
the weight of your life keeps growing, 
the agreement with the mirror has been cancelled 
and you are turning fat. 
Tomorrow I will hang before your nose, 
perhaps you could please feed me? 
Sincerely, 
the Spider 

 

Dear Spider, 
just yesterday the bat gave birth in a corner of the attic, her tasty eggs float in the air. 
I haven’t learned to drive, to debone fish, to read newspapers. 
I have two useless dog teeth and a BB gun. 
I have made a deal with the morning coffee, 
I respect the decision of the mirror. 
I no longer set traps for birds, 
each day I head to the river and shoot the waters. 
Yours, 
K.

Disponível em: https://www.poetryinternational.com. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2024.

 

No poema grego de Danae Sioziou, traduzido para a língua inglesa em 2023, há uma forma muito clara de sugestão. Nela, relata-se que

    Handwriting notes in class might seem like an anachronism as smartphones and other digital technology subsume every aspect of learning across schools and universities. But a steady stream of research continues to suggest that taking notes the traditional way – with pen and paper or even stylus and tablet – is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. And now scientists are finally zeroing in on why.

    A recent study in Frontiers in Psychology monitored brain activity in students taking notes and found that those writing by hand had higher levels of electrical activity across a wide range of interconnected brain regions responsible for movement, vision, sensory processing and memory. The findings add to a growing body of evidence that has many experts speaking up about the importance of teaching children to handwrite words and draw pictures.

    The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian University, builds on a foundational 2014 study. That work suggested that people taking notes by computer were typing without thinking. “It’s very tempting to type down everything that the lecturer is saying,” they say. “It kind of goes in through your ears and comes out through your fingertips, but you don’t process the incoming information.”

    But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it – prioritize it, consolidate it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before. This conscious action of building onto existing knowledge can make it easier to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.

    To understand specific brain activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the researchers tweaked the 2014 study’s basic setup. They sewed electrodes into a hairnet with 256 sensors that recorded the brain activity of 36 students as they wrote or typed 15 words from the game Pictionary that were displayed on a screen. When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors picked up widespread connectivity across many brain regions. Typing, however, led to minimal activity, if any, in the same areas.

HANDWRITING NOTES in… Disponivel em: www.scientificamerican.com/. Acesso em: maio 2024. Adptado.

It’s stated in the text that writing by hand

 

I) contributes to delaying the learning process.

II) decreases electrical activity across most brain regions.

III) activates connection patterns extending over most brain regions.

IV) makes students miss most of the information provided in class.

V) has proved to be effective as far as the learning process is concerned.

 

According to the study, the correct statements are only

[Texto adaptado]

 

If you know What Brainrot1 means, you might already have it

 

1 A popular term captures the condition of
being terminally online, with humor and
pathos.
The term refers primarily to low-value
5 internet content and the effects caused by
spending too much time consuming it.
Example: “I’ve been watching so many
TikToks, I have brainrot.”
Online discussion of brainrot has recently
10 grown so widespread that some social media
users have begun creating parodies of people
who seem to embody the condition.
Several videos by the TikTok user Heidi
Becker show her facing the camera as she
15 strings together one internet reference after
another in rapid-fire fashion.
“Hiii, oh my god, the fit is fitting, pop off
king!” she says at the start of a recent video
that has over 200,000 likes.
20 Other lines in her soliloquy include: “It’s
giving golden retriever energy,” a piece of
slang describing someone who gives the
impression of being friendly, goofy or
harmless; and “I really like hot girl walking
25 and I really like girl dinner,” references to
daily activities that TikTok has gendered and
renamed.
Accusing someone of having brainrot is not a
compliment. But some people evince a hint of 

30 pride in admitting to the condition. A recent
BuzzFeed quiz challenging readers on
obscure internet trivia was headlined: “If
you pass this brainrot quiz, your brain is
1000% cooked.”
35 “One of the easiest ways to tell if someone’s
brain has been destroyed by social media is to
notice how often they reference internet
jargon,” the influencer Joel Cave recently
posted in a TikTok. “The fact that the internet
40 can infiltrate our brain so much that people
don’t even have control over what they’re
saying — they just have to spout out whatever
meme they’ve been seeing a lot — is crazy to
me.”
45 Some social media accounts are dedicated to
creating “brainrot content,” which has
become its own entertainment subgenre. The
TikTok user “Fort History” takes clips of
movies and TV shows and dubs them with the
50 latest internet lingo.
“Hey, Rizzler, it’s just you and me today,”
Phil from the sitcom “Modern Family”
appears to say to his son, Luke, in one clip.
“All right I’ll edge right down,” Luke
55 responds.
Taylor Lorenz, the author of “Extremely
Online: The Untold Story of Fame, Influence,
and Power on the Internet,” said she sees
“brainrot” as synonymous with the phrase
60 “broken brain.” Both online terms apply to
those who have become so warped by what
they see on the internet “that they have lost
the ability to function in the physical world,”
said Ms. Lorenz, a Washington Post
65 columnist who was previously a reporter for
The New York Times.

Fonte: ROY, J. If you know what ‘brainrot’ means, you might already have it. The New York Times, 13 jun. 2024. Atualizado em 17 jun. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com.

No artigo “If You Know What ‘Brainrot’ Means, You Might Already Have It”, a autora utiliza diferentes recursos linguísticos para construir sentido, marcar relações argumentativas e posicionar-se frente ao fenômeno descrito. Relacione as colunas, associando as expressões do texto às funções discursivas que exercem, de acordo com o uso no contexto original.

 

1. “Accusing someone of having brainrot is not a compliment”.

2. “But some people evince a hint of pride in admitting to the condition”.

3. “The term refers primarily to low-value internet contente[...]”.

4. “The fact that the internet can infiltrate our brain so much[...]”.

5. “One of the easiest ways to tell if someone’s brain has been destroyed by social media is to notice how often they reference internet jargon”.

 

( ) Apresenta uma generalização com uso de estrutura superlativa e modalizadora.

( ) Modaliza o foco da definição por meio de um advérbio de intensidade.

( ) Expressa avaliação negativa de forma direta.

( ) Introduz oposição entre duas ideias no encadeamento argumentativo.

( ) Marca causa e enfatiza grau de intensidade com locução adverbial

 

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente os parênteses de cima para baixo.