Questões de Inglês

[1] According to archeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing probably 1 consisted of fur, leather, leaves or grass, draped,

wrapped or tied about the body for protection from the elements. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing

materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing

needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia, in 1988.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/clothing)

Consider the following information:
 
1. The different materials that clothes were probably made of in far past.
2. The processes of making woven fabrics used in clothing.
3. The reason people wore clothes.
4. The year when some ancient sewing needles were found.
 
What information is in the text?

Cabin Environment

 

There is an erroneous perception that the cabin environment of a pressurized aircraft 1 is bad. That is not true. Treated by

HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance) filters – similar to those used in organ transplanting and burn hospital units – the air

in airplane cabins is climatized and dehydrated, which makes the environment free from fungi and bacteria and - because the air

relative humidity becomes very low – even protects the existing airborne electronic equipment (avionics). The air flow is directed

[5] downwards, thus reducing the rate of contamination between seats. Additionally, all of the cabin air is replaced every three minutes.

This will keep the oxygen rates throughout the aircraft at much higher levels than those required by human consumption, and

carbon dioxide and particulate matter at acceptable levels with respect to passenger safety, health and comfort.

(Adaptado de: TAM magazine, ano 3, nº 34, dez. 2006.)

Consider the following sentences:
 
1. It is generally believed that the air that passengers breathe inside an airplane cabin is unhealthy.
2. Low humidity contributes to free the air from fungi and bacteria.
3. The treatment of the air inside a pressurized cabin helps to maintain avionics.
4. The levels of oxygen rates inside the aircraft tend to be unbearable when passengers leave the airplane.
 
According to the text:

Cabin Environment

 

There is an erroneous perception that the cabin environment of a pressurized aircraft 1 is bad. That is not true. Treated by

HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance) filters – similar to those used in organ transplanting and burn hospital units – the air

in airplane cabins is climatized and dehydrated, which makes the environment free from fungi and bacteria and - because the air

relative humidity becomes very low – even protects the existing airborne electronic equipment (avionics). The air flow is directed

[5] downwards, thus reducing the rate of contamination between seats. Additionally, all of the cabin air is replaced every three minutes.

This will keep the oxygen rates throughout the aircraft at much higher levels than those required by human consumption, and

carbon dioxide and particulate matter at acceptable levels with respect to passenger safety, health and comfort.

(Adaptado de: TAM magazine, ano 3, nº 34, dez. 2006.)

According to the text:

According to the text 2 answer the question.

 

Biomedical research

(www.wikipedia.org)

 

Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical

research, is the basic research or applied research conducted to aid the body of

knowledge in the field of medicine. Medical research can be divided into two general

categories: the evaluation of new treatments for both safety and efficacy in what are

[5]  termed clinical trials, and all other research that contributes to the development of new

treatments. The latter is termed preclinical research if its goal is specifically to elaborate

knowledge for the development of new therapeutic strategies.The increased longevity of

humans over the past century can be significantly attributed to advances resulting from

medical research. Among the major benefits have been vaccines for measles and polio,

[10]  insulin treatment for diabetes, classes of antibiotics for treating a host of maladies,

medication for high blood pressure, improved treaments for AIDS, statins and other

treatments for atherosclerosis, new surgical techniques such as microsurgery, and

increasingly successful treatments for cancer. New, beneficial tests and treatments are

expected as a result of the human genome project. Many challenges remain, however,

[15]  including the appearance of antibiotic resistance and the obesity epidemic.

Most of the research in the field is pursued by biomedical scientists in cooperation with

molecular biologists.

The grammar structure, "...are expected...", in lines 13 and 14, is being used in the text as: 

According to the text 2 answer the question.

 

Biomedical research

(www.wikipedia.org)

 

Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical

research, is the basic research or applied research conducted to aid the body of

knowledge in the field of medicine. Medical research can be divided into two general

categories: the evaluation of new treatments for both safety and efficacy in what are

[5]  termed clinical trials, and all other research that contributes to the development of new

treatments. The latter is termed preclinical research if its goal is specifically to elaborate

knowledge for the development of new therapeutic strategies.The increased longevity of

humans over the past century can be significantly attributed to advances resulting from

medical research. Among the major benefits have been vaccines for measles and polio,

[10]  insulin treatment for diabetes, classes of antibiotics for treating a host of maladies,

medication for high blood pressure, improved treaments for AIDS, statins and other

treatments for atherosclerosis, new surgical techniques such as microsurgery, and

increasingly successful treatments for cancer. New, beneficial tests and treatments are

expected as a result of the human genome project. Many challenges remain, however,

[15]  including the appearance of antibiotic resistance and the obesity epidemic.

Most of the research in the field is pursued by biomedical scientists in cooperation with

molecular biologists.

The challenges which remain for biomedical researches are:

According to the text answer the question.

 

Biomedical research

(www.wikipedia.org)

 

Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical

research, is the basic research or applied research conducted to aid the body of

knowledge in the field of medicine. Medical research can be divided into two general

categories: the evaluation of new treatments for both safety and efficacy in what are

[5]  termed clinical trials, and all other research that contributes to the development of new

treatments. The latter is termed preclinical research if its goal is specifically to elaborate

knowledge for the development of new therapeutic strategies.The increased longevity of

humans over the past century can be significantly attributed to advances resulting from

medical research. Among the major benefits have been vaccines for measles and polio,

[10]  insulin treatment for diabetes, classes of antibiotics for treating a host of maladies,

medication for high blood pressure, improved treaments for AIDS, statins and other

treatments for atherosclerosis, new surgical techniques such as microsurgery, and

increasingly successful treatments for cancer. New, beneficial tests and treatments are

expected as a result of the human genome project. Many challenges remain, however,

[15]  including the appearance of antibiotic resistance and the obesity epidemic.

Most of the research in the field is pursued by biomedical scientists in cooperation with

molecular biologists.

The words: "...simply, (line 1) ...significantly (line 8) and ...increasingly..." (line 13), are used in the text as: