Questões de Inglês

Leia atentamente o texto abaixo e responda à questão.

 

TEXTO

 

The West: Unique, not universal

( by Samuel P. Huntington)

 

    In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit takes two forms. One is the Coca-colonization thesis. Its proponents claim that Western, and more specifically American, popular culture is enveloping the world: American food, clothing, pop music, movies, and consumer goods are more and more enthusiastically embraced by people on every continent. The other has to do with modernization. It claims not only that the West has led the world to modern society, but that as people in other civilizations modernize they also westernize, abandoning their traditional values, institutions, and customs and adopting those that prevail in the West. Both theses project the image of an emerging homogeneous, universally Western world − and both are to varying degrees misguided, arrogant, false, and dangerous.

    Advocates of the Coca-colonization thesis identify culture with the consumption of material goods. The heart of a culture, however, involves language, religion, values, traditions, and customs. Drinking Coca- Cola does not make Russians think like Americans any more than eating sushi makes Americans think like Japanese. Throughout human history, fads and material goods have spread from one society to another without significantly altering the basic culture of the recipient society. Enthusiasms for various items of Chinese, Hindu, and other cultures have periodically swept the Western world, with no discernible lasting spillover. The argument that the spread of pop culture and consumer goods around the world represents the triumph of Western civilization depreciates the strength of other cultures while trivializing Western culture by identifying it with fatty foods, faded pants, and fizzy drinks. The essence of Western culture is the Magna Carta, not the Magna Mac.

(Fonte: http://www.findthelinks.com/ neodemocracy/ English/ Huntington%2520-The% 2520 West.pdf. Acesso em 26.09.2008)

 

Glossário:

Reassured: reafirmado | Expounding: difundir

Proponents: defensores | Emerging: emergente

Misguided: equivocadas | Discernible: perceptíveis

Lasting: duradouros | Spillover: rastros

Spread: propagação | Trivializing: banaliza

Nos últimos anos, os ocidentais têm defendido a ideia de que o oeste tem conduzido o mundo à sociedade moderna. Segundo o trecho “It claims not only that the West has led the world to modern society, but that as people in other civilizations modernize they also westernize, abandoning their traditional values, institutions, and customs and adopting those that prevail in the West”, é correto afirmar que:

Leia atentamente o texto abaixo e responda à questão.

 

TEXTO

 

The West: Unique, not universal

( by Samuel P. Huntington)

 

    In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit takes two forms. One is the Coca-colonization thesis. Its proponents claim that Western, and more specifically American, popular culture is enveloping the world: American food, clothing, pop music, movies, and consumer goods are more and more enthusiastically embraced by people on every continent. The other has to do with modernization. It claims not only that the West has led the world to modern society, but that as people in other civilizations modernize they also westernize, abandoning their traditional values, institutions, and customs and adopting those that prevail in the West. Both theses project the image of an emerging homogeneous, universally Western world − and both are to varying degrees misguided, arrogant, false, and dangerous.

    Advocates of the Coca-colonization thesis identify culture with the consumption of material goods. The heart of a culture, however, involves language, religion, values, traditions, and customs. Drinking Coca- Cola does not make Russians think like Americans any more than eating sushi makes Americans think like Japanese. Throughout human history, fads and material goods have spread from one society to another without significantly altering the basic culture of the recipient society. Enthusiasms for various items of Chinese, Hindu, and other cultures have periodically swept the Western world, with no discernible lasting spillover. The argument that the spread of pop culture and consumer goods around the world represents the triumph of Western civilization depreciates the strength of other cultures while trivializing Western culture by identifying it with fatty foods, faded pants, and fizzy drinks. The essence of Western culture is the Magna Carta, not the Magna Mac.

(Fonte: http://www.findthelinks.com/ neodemocracy/ English/ Huntington%2520-The% 2520 West.pdf. Acesso em 26.09.2008)

 

Glossário:

Reassured: reafirmado | Expounding: difundir

Proponents: defensores | Emerging: emergente

Misguided: equivocadas | Discernible: perceptíveis

Lasting: duradouros | Spillover: rastros

Spread: propagação | Trivializing: banaliza

No trecho “The argument that the spread of pop culture and consumer goods around the world represents the triumph of Western civilization depreciates the strength of other cultures while trivializing Western culture by identifying it with fatty foods, faded pants, and fizzy drinks”, o pronome destacado refere-se:

Green Light for New Particle Accelerator

    One way to figure
out what might have
happened during the Big
Bang — that massive
[5]    explosion of matter and
energy that physicists
think might have marked
the birth of the universe —
is to spend hours in front
[10]    of a chalkboard working
through massively complicated formulae.
    The other, of course, is to go out and create a
Big Bang yourself. That is the route to be taken by
German researchers along with their particle physics
[15]    colleagues from over a dozen countries around the
world. On Wednesday, those participating in the
project will sign an agreement which will eventually
result in the construction of a massive new particle
accelerator in the western German city of Darmstadt.
[20]    The goal is to discover new data about the birth of our
universe.
    "The substance we will be making resembles
that in the first microseconds of the Big Bang, when it
was a million times hotter than the center of the sun.
[25]    We're talking a million times 10 million degrees
Celsius", says Horst Stöcker, scientific director of the
German Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI).
    The project will cost a total of €1.2 billion ($1.7
billion) with the German government set to pick up 65
[30]    percent of the price tag. The rest will come from the
state of Hesse and from the project's international
partners, which include Russia, India, Italy, Poland
and China among others. The accelerator itself will
have a circumference of over a kilometer and will be
[35]    built 17 meters underground.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,druck-515900,00.html

Choose from the alternatives below the one that completes the table:

Green Light for New Particle Accelerator

    One way to figure
out what might have
happened during the Big
Bang — that massive
[5]    explosion of matter and
energy that physicists
think might have marked
the birth of the universe —
is to spend hours in front
[10]    of a chalkboard working
through massively complicated formulae.
    The other, of course, is to go out and create a
Big Bang yourself. That is the route to be taken by
German researchers along with their particle physics
[15]    colleagues from over a dozen countries around the
world. On Wednesday, those participating in the
project will sign an agreement which will eventually
result in the construction of a massive new particle
accelerator in the western German city of Darmstadt.
[20]    The goal is to discover new data about the birth of our
universe.
    "The substance we will be making resembles
that in the first microseconds of the Big Bang, when it
was a million times hotter than the center of the sun.
[25]    We're talking a million times 10 million degrees
Celsius", says Horst Stöcker, scientific director of the
German Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI).
    The project will cost a total of €1.2 billion ($1.7
billion) with the German government set to pick up 65
[30]    percent of the price tag. The rest will come from the
state of Hesse and from the project's international
partners, which include Russia, India, Italy, Poland
and China among others. The accelerator itself will
have a circumference of over a kilometer and will be
[35]    built 17 meters underground.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,druck-515900,00.html

Which expressions are the following words referring to, respectively? Choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence.

I) “other” (line 12)

II) “ their” (line 14)

III) “itself” (line 33)

Green Light for New Particle Accelerator

    One way to figure
out what might have
happened during the Big
Bang — that massive
[5]    explosion of matter and
energy that physicists
think might have marked
the birth of the universe —
is to spend hours in front
[10]    of a chalkboard working
through massively complicated formulae.
    The other, of course, is to go out and create a
Big Bang yourself. That is the route to be taken by
German researchers along with their particle physics
[15]    colleagues from over a dozen countries around the
world. On Wednesday, those participating in the
project will sign an agreement which will eventually
result in the construction of a massive new particle
accelerator in the western German city of Darmstadt.
[20]    The goal is to discover new data about the birth of our
universe.
    "The substance we will be making resembles
that in the first microseconds of the Big Bang, when it
was a million times hotter than the center of the sun.
[25]    We're talking a million times 10 million degrees
Celsius", says Horst Stöcker, scientific director of the
German Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI).
    The project will cost a total of €1.2 billion ($1.7
billion) with the German government set to pick up 65
[30]    percent of the price tag. The rest will come from the
state of Hesse and from the project's international
partners, which include Russia, India, Italy, Poland
and China among others. The accelerator itself will
have a circumference of over a kilometer and will be
[35]    built 17 meters underground.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,druck-515900,00.html

Write T for true and F for false. After that, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence.

 

( ) Big Bang is the name that the physicists give to the massive explosion of matter and energy that might have marked the birth of the universe.

( ) German researchers and physics colleagues will be constructing a massive new particle accelerator in London.

( ) Among others, the following countries will be partners in the experiment: Russia, China, India, Poland and Italy.

The flowing sentence: “Declaration, which has highlighted the causal link uniting two complementary attitudes” in the simple present would be