Questões de Inglês

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    One of the abiding images of any virus outbreak is people in surgical masks. Using them to prevent infection is popular in many countries around the world, most notably China during the current coronavirus outbreak where they are also worn to protect against high pollution levels.

    Virologists are sceptical about their effectiveness against airborne viruses. But there is some evidence to suggest the masks can help prevent hand-to-mouth transmissions.

    Dr David Carrington, of St George’s, University of London, told BBC News “routine surgical masks for the public are not an effective protection against viruses or bacteria carried in the air”, which was how “most viruses” were transmitted, because they were too loose, had no air filter and left the eyes exposed. But they could help lower the risk of contracting a virus through the “splash” from a sneeze or a cough and provide some protection against hand-to-mouth transmissions.

    Jonathan Ball, professor of molecular virology at the University of Nottingham, said: “In one well controlled study in a hospital setting, the face mask was as good at preventing influenza infection as a purpose-made respirator.”

    Respirators, which tend to feature a specialised air filter, are specifically designed to protect against potentially hazardous airborne particles.

    “However, when you move to studies looking at their effectiveness in the general population, the data is less compelling - it’s quite a challenge to keep a mask on for prolonged periods of time,” professor Ball added.

    Dr Connor Bamford, of the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, at Queen’s University Belfast, said “implementing simple hygiene measures” was more effective. “Covering your mouth while sneezing, washing your hands, and not putting your hands to your mouth before washing them, could help limit the risk of catching any respiratory virus,” he said.

(www.bbc.com, 23.01.2020. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o Dr. David Carrington, as máscaras cirúrgicas

    In his book entitled ‘The McDonaldization of Society’, George Ritzer nicely encompasses concepts from sociology, management, and economics to provide a profound understanding of our modern society. According to George Ritzer, McDonaldization is defined as the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. The success of McDonald’s is also evident worldwide as over half of the company’s revenue comes from overseas operations serving 50 million customers a day. Indeed, this fast-food restaurant has become more than just a company. It has become a part of our culture.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 23 maio 2021.

 

According to the text,

    An astonishing 40% of bees die every year as a result of disease, pesticides and climate change — in part because busy commercial beekeepers miss warning signs. That’s where Beewise, an artificial-intelligence-powered hive, comes in. Using precision robotics, computer vision and AI, a Beehome — which costs $15 a month and might host 2 million bees — monitors the insects 24/7. When a hive is exposed to, say, parasites or experiences irregular temperatures, its internal systems respond immediately by applying pesticides, for example. Use of the smart technology can double pollination capacity and honey production, while decreasing colonies’ mortality rate. “Not only do bees not die,” says Saar Safra, Beewise’s CEO. “They thrive.”

Disponível em:https://time.com. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021.

 

Com base no texto acima, é INCORRETO afirmar que

    Some of the biggest producers of snack food, such as PepsiCo and Nestlé, have agreed to use front-of-pack nutritional labels colored red, amber or green on their products in an effort to make it easier for consumers to choose healthier options. The traffic-light labels, indicating how much fat, salt and sugar an item contains, will be part of a new hybrid nutritional labeling scheme that combines them with guideline daily amounts (GDAs), which senior doctors have criticized as deceptive and utterly baffling to most consumers.

    The new labels are intended to help shoppers know at a glance whether a product contains a low, medium or high amount of fat, saturated fat, salt, sugar and calories. “People will be able to use the colors to understand the level of nutrients in the food they are eating. The labels are not designed to demonize foods with lots of reds but to have people consider what they are eating and make sure it’s part of a balanced diet. The move follows research that found consumers were confused by existing food labels: “Research shows that, of all the current schemes, people like this hybrid label the most and can use the information to make healthier choices.”

Disponível em: http://www.theguardian.com/society. Acesso em: jun. 2021. Adaptado

 

According to the text, the traffic-light labelling system for foods aims to

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Tower of London’s “queen” raven Merlina missing

 

    Merlina, who joined the flock in 2007, has not been seen for several weeks.

    The Tower usually has six ravens at any time and, according to legend, if they ever leave then both the fortress and the kingdom will fall. There are currently seven in residence.

    A spokesman said Merlina’s “continued absence indicates to us that she may have sadly passed away”.

    He added: “Merlina was our undisputed ruler of the roost, queen of the Tower ravens. She will be greatly missed by her fellow ravens, the ravenmaster, and all of us in the Tower community.”

    Ravenmaster Christopher Skaife said he would be taking some time to mourn Merlina, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service.

    “I know so many of you lovely folk will be saddened by this news,” he said in a social media statement. “None more than me. Please excuse my absence for a few days.”

    Tower staff added that they had no immediate plans to replace Merlina. Charles II is believed to have been the first monarch to officially decree that the birds must be kept at the Tower at all times.

    When numbers fell to just a single raven guard, Winston Churchill ordered that the flock — known as an “unkindness” — was increased to at least six.

    In 2018 the Tower launched a raven breeding programme after Historic Royal Palaces warned it was becoming “increasingly difficult” to source the birds.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-55651104

Assinale a alternativa que mais se aproxima do sentido deste enunciado: “In 2018 the Tower launched a raven breeding programme after Historic Royal Palaces warned it was becoming ‘increasingly difficult’ to source the birds”.

Leia o texto e responda à questão.

 

Tower of London’s “queen” raven Merlina missing

 

    Merlina, who joined the flock in 2007, has not been seen for several weeks.

    The Tower usually has six ravens at any time and, according to legend, if they ever leave then both the fortress and the kingdom will fall. There are currently seven in residence.

    A spokesman said Merlina’s “continued absence indicates to us that she may have sadly passed away”.

    He added: “Merlina was our undisputed ruler of the roost, queen of the Tower ravens. She will be greatly missed by her fellow ravens, the ravenmaster, and all of us in the Tower community.”

    Ravenmaster Christopher Skaife said he would be taking some time to mourn Merlina, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service.

    “I know so many of you lovely folk will be saddened by this news,” he said in a social media statement. “None more than me. Please excuse my absence for a few days.”

    Tower staff added that they had no immediate plans to replace Merlina. Charles II is believed to have been the first monarch to officially decree that the birds must be kept at the Tower at all times.

    When numbers fell to just a single raven guard, Winston Churchill ordered that the flock — known as an “unkindness” — was increased to at least six.

    In 2018 the Tower launched a raven breeding programme after Historic Royal Palaces warned it was becoming “increasingly difficult” to source the birds.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-55651104

De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa CORRETA..