Questões de Inglês

The era of transition that we are entering will be disruptive – but

it may bring a world where markets are servants, not masters.

To understand what capitalism might become, we first have

to understand what it is. This is not so simple. Capitalism includes

a market economy, but many traditional market economies are

not capitalistic. It includes trade, but trade, too, long precedes

capitalism. It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist

dictators commanded surpluses too.

The French historian Fernand Braudel offered perhaps the best

description of capitalism when he wrote of it as a series of layers

built on top of the everyday market economy of onions and wood,

plumbing and cooking. These layers, local, regional, national and

global, are characterised by ever greater abstraction, until at the top

sits disembodied finance, seeking returns anywhere, uncommitted

to any particular place or industry, and commodifying anything

and everything.

Only a few decades ago there was great interest in what would

supersede capitalism. The answers ranged from communism

to managerialism, and from hopes of a golden age of leisure to

dreams of a return to community and ecological harmony. Today

these utopias can be found in the movements around the World

Social Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions, in the

radical sub-cultures that surround the net, and in moderated form

in thousands of civic ventures across the world.

MULGAN, Geoff. Available at: <http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=10680> Access on June 17th, 2009 

 

Braudel suggests that capitalism is

The era of transition that we are entering will be disruptive – but

it may bring a world where markets are servants, not masters.

To understand what capitalism might become, we first have

to understand what it is. This is not so simple. Capitalism includes

a market economy, but many traditional market economies are

not capitalistic. It includes trade, but trade, too, long precedes

capitalism. It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist

dictators commanded surpluses too.

The French historian Fernand Braudel offered perhaps the best

description of capitalism when he wrote of it as a series of layers

built on top of the everyday market economy of onions and wood,

plumbing and cooking. These layers, local, regional, national and

global, are characterised by ever greater abstraction, until at the top

sits disembodied finance, seeking returns anywhere, uncommitted

to any particular place or industry, and commodifying anything

and everything.

Only a few decades ago there was great interest in what would

supersede capitalism. The answers ranged from communism

to managerialism, and from hopes of a golden age of leisure to

dreams of a return to community and ecological harmony. Today

these utopias can be found in the movements around the World

Social Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions, in the

radical sub-cultures that surround the net, and in moderated form

in thousands of civic ventures across the world.

MULGAN, Geoff. Available at:  Access on June 17th, 2009 

 

According to the text, market economy, trade and capital (1st paragraph) are

The era of transition that we are entering will be disruptive – but

it may bring a world where markets are servants, not masters.

To understand what capitalism might become, we first have

to understand what it is. This is not so simple. Capitalism includes

a market economy, but many traditional market economies are

not capitalistic. It includes trade, but trade, too, long precedes

capitalism. It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist

dictators commanded surpluses too.

The French historian Fernand Braudel offered perhaps the best

description of capitalism when he wrote of it as a series of layers

built on top of the everyday market economy of onions and wood,

plumbing and cooking. These layers, local, regional, national and

global, are characterised by ever greater abstraction, until at the top

sits disembodied finance, seeking returns anywhere, uncommitted

to any particular place or industry, and commodifying anything

and everything.

Only a few decades ago there was great interest in what would

supersede capitalism. The answers ranged from communism

to managerialism, and from hopes of a golden age of leisure to

dreams of a return to community and ecological harmony. Today

these utopias can be found in the movements around the World

Social Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions, in the

radical sub-cultures that surround the net, and in moderated form

in thousands of civic ventures across the world.

MULGAN, Geoff. Available at:  Access on June 17th, 2009 

 

The best topic for the first paragraph is that

The era of transition that we are entering will be disruptive – but

it may bring a world where markets are servants, not masters.

To understand what capitalism might become, we first have

to understand what it is. This is not so simple. Capitalism includes

a market economy, but many traditional market economies are

not capitalistic. It includes trade, but trade, too, long precedes

capitalism. It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist

dictators commanded surpluses too.

The French historian Fernand Braudel offered perhaps the best

description of capitalism when he wrote of it as a series of layers

built on top of the everyday market economy of onions and wood,

plumbing and cooking. These layers, local, regional, national and

global, are characterised by ever greater abstraction, until at the top

sits disembodied finance, seeking returns anywhere, uncommitted

to any particular place or industry, and commodifying anything

and everything.

Only a few decades ago there was great interest in what would

supersede capitalism. The answers ranged from communism

to managerialism, and from hopes of a golden age of leisure to

dreams of a return to community and ecological harmony. Today

these utopias can be found in the movements around the World

Social Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions, in the

radical sub-cultures that surround the net, and in moderated form

in thousands of civic ventures across the world.

MULGAN, Geoff. Available at: Access on June 17th, 2009 

 

The introduction to the text (lines 1-2) implies that, at present, the capitalist system

Text 2

 

Seasons

(by wikipedia)

 

[1] A season is a division of the year, marked by changes in weather.

Seasons result from the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the

Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution. In temperate and polar regions, the

seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the Earth's

[5] surface, variations of which may cause animals to go into hibernation or to migrate, and

plants to be dormant.

During June, July and August, the northern hemisphere is exposed to more direct

sunlight because the hemisphere faces the sun. The same is true of the southern

hemisphere in December, January, and February. It is the tilt of the Earth that causes the

[10] Sun to be higher in the sky during the summer months which increases the solar flux.

In temperate and polar regions generally four seasons are recognized: spring, summer,

autumn, winter.

In some tropical and subtropical regions it is more common to speak of the rainy (or wet,

or monsoon) season versus the dry season, because the amount of precipitation may

[15] vary more dramatically than the average temperature. For example, in Nicaragua, the dry

season is called Summer (Oct to May) and the rainy season is called Winter (Apr to Nov)

even though it is located in the northern hemisphere.

In other tropical areas a three-way division into hot, rainy and cool season is used.

In some parts of the world, special "seasons" are loosely defined based upon important

[20] events such as a hurricane season, tornado season or a wildfire season.

Chinese seasons are traditionally based on 24 periods known as solar terms, and begin

at the midpoint of solstices and equinoxes.

It’s correct to say that:

Touched by An Angel

By Maya Angelou

 

[5] We, unaccustomed to courage

exiles from delight

live coiled in shells of loneliness

until love leaves its high holy temple

[10] and comes into our sight

to liberate us into life.

 

Love arrives

and in its train come ecstasies

old memories of pleasure

[15] ancient histories of pain.

Yet if we are bold,

love strikes away the chains of fear

from our souls.

 

We are weaned from our timidity

[20] In the flush of love's light

we dare be brave

And suddenly we see

that love costs all we are

and will ever be.

[25] Yet it is only love

which sets us free.

The text above is about: