Questões de Inglês

Text 01
VISITING LONDON

 

Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London and every year, more than nine million people come from countries all over the world to visit the city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in the city is to use an Underground train. The trains run all day and most of the night. You can see much more of London from one of its famous red buses. There are some special buses for visitors that take you to many of the interesting places in the city on one journey that takes about one and a half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’. Most of them are black but some are not. The drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to take a long boat trip along the River Thames and see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many of them are hundreds of years old: The Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of the Parliament – the home of the British government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is where many kings and queens are crowned – or get the throne – and where the royal family get married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres, museums and art galleries. There are also streets with famous shops and markets and international restaurants and English pubs where you can drink the English beer. The typical English food is fish and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But there are many, many more things to see and do in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford Bookworms 1)

The title “Visiting London” is an example of the use of the gerund. Mark the alternative below where the use of the gerund is WRONG:

Text I

EPA: TOXIC AIR IN 600 U.S. NEIGHBORHOODS By AP / DINA CAPPIELLO Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2009  http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1906717,00.html

 

    WASHINGTON — Millions of people living in nearly 600 neighborhoods across the country are breathing concentrations of toxic air pollutants that put them at a much greater risk of contracting cancer, according to new data from the Environmental Protection Agency.

    The levels of 80 cancer-causing substances released by automobiles, factories, and other sources in these areas exceed a 100 in 1 million cancer risk. That means that if 1 million people breathed air with similar concentrations over their lifetime, about 100 additional people would be expected to develop cancer because of their exposure to the pollution.

    The average cancer risk across the country is 36 in 1 million, according to the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, which will be released by the EPA on Wednesday.

    Since the last update in 2006, which covered 1999 emissions, cancer risk nationwide has declined from 41.5 people in 1 million to 36 people in 1 million. "If we are in between 10 in 1 million and 100 in 1 million we want to look more deeply at that. If the risk is greater than 100 in 1 million, we don't like that at all ... we want to investigate that risk and do something about it," said Kelly Rimer, an environmental scientist with the EPA, in an interview with The Associated Press on Tuesday.

    Parts of Los Angeles, California and Madison County, Illinois had the highest cancer risks in the nation — 1200 in 1 million and 1100 in 1 million, according to the EPA data. They were followed by two neighborhoods in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and one in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.

    People living in parts of Coconino County, Arizona and Lyon County, Nevada had the lowest cancer risk from air toxics. The counties with the least toxic air are Kalawao County, Hawaii and Golden Valley County in Montana. "Air toxic risks are local. They are a function of the sources nearest to you," said Dave Guinnup, who leads the groups that perform the risk assessments for toxic air pollutants at EPA. "If you are out in the Rocky Mountains, you are going to be closer to 2 in a million. If you are in an industrial area with a lot of traffic, you are going to be closer to 1100 in 1 million."

    The analysis predicts the concentrations of 124 different hazardous air pollutants, which are known to cause cancer, respiratory problems and other health effects by coupling estimates of emissions from a variety of sources with models that attempt to simulate how the pollution will disperse in the air. Only 80 of the chemicals evaluated are known to cause cancer, EPA officials said.

    The information is used by federal, state and local agencies to identify areas in need of more monitoring and attention.

    The data to be released Wednesday covers pollution released in 2002.

Mary: “I am about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!

Clare: “I ________you some coffee.”

Text I

EPA: TOXIC AIR IN 600 U.S. NEIGHBORHOODS By AP / DINA CAPPIELLO Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2009  http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1906717,00.html

 

    WASHINGTON — Millions of people living in nearly 600 neighborhoods across the country are breathing concentrations of toxic air pollutants that put them at a much greater risk of contracting cancer, according to new data from the Environmental Protection Agency.

    The levels of 80 cancer-causing substances released by automobiles, factories, and other sources in these areas exceed a 100 in 1 million cancer risk. That means that if 1 million people breathed air with similar concentrations over their lifetime, about 100 additional people would be expected to develop cancer because of their exposure to the pollution.

    The average cancer risk across the country is 36 in 1 million, according to the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, which will be released by the EPA on Wednesday.

    Since the last update in 2006, which covered 1999 emissions, cancer risk nationwide has declined from 41.5 people in 1 million to 36 people in 1 million. "If we are in between 10 in 1 million and 100 in 1 million we want to look more deeply at that. If the risk is greater than 100 in 1 million, we don't like that at all ... we want to investigate that risk and do something about it," said Kelly Rimer, an environmental scientist with the EPA, in an interview with The Associated Press on Tuesday.

    Parts of Los Angeles, California and Madison County, Illinois had the highest cancer risks in the nation — 1200 in 1 million and 1100 in 1 million, according to the EPA data. They were followed by two neighborhoods in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and one in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.

    People living in parts of Coconino County, Arizona and Lyon County, Nevada had the lowest cancer risk from air toxics. The counties with the least toxic air are Kalawao County, Hawaii and Golden Valley County in Montana. "Air toxic risks are local. They are a function of the sources nearest to you," said Dave Guinnup, who leads the groups that perform the risk assessments for toxic air pollutants at EPA. "If you are out in the Rocky Mountains, you are going to be closer to 2 in a million. If you are in an industrial area with a lot of traffic, you are going to be closer to 1100 in 1 million."

    The analysis predicts the concentrations of 124 different hazardous air pollutants, which are known to cause cancer, respiratory problems and other health effects by coupling estimates of emissions from a variety of sources with models that attempt to simulate how the pollution will disperse in the air. Only 80 of the chemicals evaluated are known to cause cancer, EPA officials said.

    The information is used by federal, state and local agencies to identify areas in need of more monitoring and attention.

    The data to be released Wednesday covers pollution released in 2002.

Choose the CORRECT alternative:

Cliff isn’t in his ___________ yet. He’s just eighteen.

Text I

EPA: TOXIC AIR IN 600 U.S. NEIGHBORHOODS By AP / DINA CAPPIELLO Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2009  http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1906717,00.html

 

    WASHINGTON — Millions of people living in nearly 600 neighborhoods across the country are breathing concentrations of toxic air pollutants that put them at a much greater risk of contracting cancer, according to new data from the Environmental Protection Agency.

    The levels of 80 cancer-causing substances released by automobiles, factories, and other sources in these areas exceed a 100 in 1 million cancer risk. That means that if 1 million people breathed air with similar concentrations over their lifetime, about 100 additional people would be expected to develop cancer because of their exposure to the pollution.

    The average cancer risk across the country is 36 in 1 million, according to the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, which will be released by the EPA on Wednesday.

    Since the last update in 2006, which covered 1999 emissions, cancer risk nationwide has declined from 41.5 people in 1 million to 36 people in 1 million. "If we are in between 10 in 1 million and 100 in 1 million we want to look more deeply at that. If the risk is greater than 100 in 1 million, we don't like that at all ... we want to investigate that risk and do something about it," said Kelly Rimer, an environmental scientist with the EPA, in an interview with The Associated Press on Tuesday.

    Parts of Los Angeles, California and Madison County, Illinois had the highest cancer risks in the nation — 1200 in 1 million and 1100 in 1 million, according to the EPA data. They were followed by two neighborhoods in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and one in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.

    People living in parts of Coconino County, Arizona and Lyon County, Nevada had the lowest cancer risk from air toxics. The counties with the least toxic air are Kalawao County, Hawaii and Golden Valley County in Montana. "Air toxic risks are local. They are a function of the sources nearest to you," said Dave Guinnup, who leads the groups that perform the risk assessments for toxic air pollutants at EPA. "If you are out in the Rocky Mountains, you are going to be closer to 2 in a million. If you are in an industrial area with a lot of traffic, you are going to be closer to 1100 in 1 million."

    The analysis predicts the concentrations of 124 different hazardous air pollutants, which are known to cause cancer, respiratory problems and other health effects by coupling estimates of emissions from a variety of sources with models that attempt to simulate how the pollution will disperse in the air. Only 80 of the chemicals evaluated are known to cause cancer, EPA officials said.

    The information is used by federal, state and local agencies to identify areas in need of more monitoring and attention.

    The data to be released Wednesday covers pollution released in 2002.

Mark the CORRECT alternative:

The _____________ offices are very modern.

Text I

EPA: TOXIC AIR IN 600 U.S. NEIGHBORHOODS By AP / DINA CAPPIELLO Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2009  http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1906717,00.html

 

    WASHINGTON — Millions of people living in nearly 600 neighborhoods across the country are breathing concentrations of toxic air pollutants that put them at a much greater risk of contracting cancer, according to new data from the Environmental Protection Agency.

    The levels of 80 cancer-causing substances released by automobiles, factories, and other sources in these areas exceed a 100 in 1 million cancer risk. That means that if 1 million people breathed air with similar concentrations over their lifetime, about 100 additional people would be expected to develop cancer because of their exposure to the pollution.

    The average cancer risk across the country is 36 in 1 million, according to the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, which will be released by the EPA on Wednesday.

    Since the last update in 2006, which covered 1999 emissions, cancer risk nationwide has declined from 41.5 people in 1 million to 36 people in 1 million. "If we are in between 10 in 1 million and 100 in 1 million we want to look more deeply at that. If the risk is greater than 100 in 1 million, we don't like that at all ... we want to investigate that risk and do something about it," said Kelly Rimer, an environmental scientist with the EPA, in an interview with The Associated Press on Tuesday.

    Parts of Los Angeles, California and Madison County, Illinois had the highest cancer risks in the nation — 1200 in 1 million and 1100 in 1 million, according to the EPA data. They were followed by two neighborhoods in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and one in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.

    People living in parts of Coconino County, Arizona and Lyon County, Nevada had the lowest cancer risk from air toxics. The counties with the least toxic air are Kalawao County, Hawaii and Golden Valley County in Montana. "Air toxic risks are local. They are a function of the sources nearest to you," said Dave Guinnup, who leads the groups that perform the risk assessments for toxic air pollutants at EPA. "If you are out in the Rocky Mountains, you are going to be closer to 2 in a million. If you are in an industrial area with a lot of traffic, you are going to be closer to 1100 in 1 million."

    The analysis predicts the concentrations of 124 different hazardous air pollutants, which are known to cause cancer, respiratory problems and other health effects by coupling estimates of emissions from a variety of sources with models that attempt to simulate how the pollution will disperse in the air. Only 80 of the chemicals evaluated are known to cause cancer, EPA officials said.

    The information is used by federal, state and local agencies to identify areas in need of more monitoring and attention.

    The data to be released Wednesday covers pollution released in 2002.

Billy: “After you ________work, will you please drop by the grocery store and pick up some milk and bread.”

Sally: “No problem, I ________up the groceries and be home by 6 o’clock.”

The El Mercurio File

By Peter Kornbluh

 

“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists. The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month. ‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende, a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election. 

The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile. Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents: 

• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking office.

• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black market..

• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.

• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s brutal repression.”

From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15, September/October 2007.

 

Choose the alternative that best translates the words: coup, boost, overthrew, issued, covert.