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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE

Do Rain Forest Make Rain?

Long-standing assumption: rain forests are a consequence of heavy rainfall. New hypothesis: some forested regions may produce conditions that lead to heavy rainfall. This “biotic pump” model contends that a vast forest such as the Amazon draws in large amounts of water vapor. Evaporation and condensation of the acquired water lead to a local atmospheric pressure drop. That decrease causes rain and attracts more water vapor to the forest, in a continuous positive feedback loop. “This theory could explain why continental interiors with huge rain forests remain so moist,” says Wildlife Conservation Society researcher Douglas Sheil, who in an April Bioscience paper revived the biotic pump model, originally proposed in 2006 by Anastassia Makarieva and Victor Gorchkov, both at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute in Russia. “It could also underline the dangers of widespread deforestation.” Though promising, the model needs more data regarding air circulation patterns and vegetations types to support it, Sheil notes. – Steve Mirsky

Scientific American, July 2009, page 18.

Toddlers who lie 'will do better'

[1]    Toddlers who
tell lies early
on are more
likely to do well
[5] later, resear-

chers claim.
    The complex
brain processes
involved in for-

[10] mulating a lie
are an indicator
of a child's early
intelligence, they
add. A Canadian study of 1,200 children aged two
[15] to 17 suggests those who are able to lie have
reached an important developmental stage. Only a
fifth of two-year-olds tested in the study were able to
lie. But at age four, 90% were capable of lying, the
study found. The rate increases with age to a peak
[20] at age 12.
    'Developmental milestone'
    The director of the Institute of Child Study at
Toronto University, Dr Kang Lee, said: "Parents
should not be alarmed if their child tells a fib.
[25]    "Their children are not going to turn out to be
pathological liars. Almost all children lie.
    "It is a sign that they have reached a new
developmental milestone.
    "Those who have better cognitive development lie
[30] because they can cover up their tracks."
    This was because they had developed the ability
to carry out a complex juggling act which involves
keeping the truth at the back of their brains.
    He added: "They even make bankers in later life."
[35]    Dr Kang tested the children's honesty by telling
them not to peek at a toy placed behind their backs
while leaving the room.
    He then monitored their reactions by video and
returned to ask if they had turned around, checking
[40] their responses against the recording.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/education/10119297.stm Page last updated at 10:55 GMT, Monday, 17 May 2010 11:55 UK

Toddlers who lie 'will do better'

[1]    Toddlers who
tell lies early
on are more
likely to do well
[5] later, resear-

chers claim.
    The complex
brain processes
involved in for-

[10] mulating a lie
are an indicator
of a child's early
intelligence, they
add. A Canadian study of 1,200 children aged two
[15] to 17 suggests those who are able to lie have
reached an important developmental stage. Only a
fifth of two-year-olds tested in the study were able to
lie. But at age four, 90% were capable of lying, the
study found. The rate increases with age to a peak
[20] at age 12.
    'Developmental milestone'
    The director of the Institute of Child Study at
Toronto University, Dr Kang Lee, said: "Parents
should not be alarmed if their child tells a fib.
[25]    "Their children are not going to turn out to be
pathological liars. Almost all children lie.
    "It is a sign that they have reached a new
developmental milestone.
    "Those who have better cognitive development lie
[30] because they can cover up their tracks."
    This was because they had developed the ability
to carry out a complex juggling act which involves
keeping the truth at the back of their brains.
    He added: "They even make bankers in later life."
[35]    Dr Kang tested the children's honesty by telling
them not to peek at a toy placed behind their backs
while leaving the room.
    He then monitored their reactions by video and
returned to ask if they had turned around, checking
[40] their responses against the recording.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/education/10119297.stm Page last updated at 10:55 GMT, Monday, 17 May 2010 11:55 UK

Education women 'aid long life'

[1]    A well-educated woman positively influences both her own and
her partner's chances of a long life, Swedish research suggests.
    À man whose partner had only a school education has a 25%
greater risk of dying early than if she had had a university education,
[5] it suggests.
    The authors say educated women may be more likely to under-
stand the various health messages their families needed.
    The findings are based on a study of 1.5m working Swedes,
aged 30 to 59.

[10]    The study, in the journal of Epidemiology and Community
Healthcare, says that in the case of men, it is their income and social
status that affect women's lifespan.

    The researchers looked at data from the 1990 Swedish census
and followed up information on causes of death, including cancer

[15] and circulatory diseases like heart disease and stroke from the cause
of death registers up to 2003.

    University education
    À woman's education and social status were more important for
q man's life chances than his own education, the findings indicate.

[20]    And a woman's education also affects her own mortality, with
someone with a school education having a 53% greater risk of dying
early than a university educated woman.

    The authors said: "Education is of great importance through a
direct influence on mortality as well as indirectly via occupation and

[25] income.

    "Education may also have an indirect effect through its possible
importance for choice of partner.”

    Dr Robert Erikson, who led the research, said: "Women tradi-
tionally take more responsibility for the home than men do and, as a

[30] consequence, women's education might be more important for the
family lifestyle - for example, in terms of food habits - than men! s
education."

    "It's still the case that women tend to put the food on the table
and in that way have a very direct influence."

[35] "Women with higher education may also receive better medical
treatment and their partners may benefit too."

    Professor Alan Maryon-Davis, of the UK's Faculty of Public
Health, said: "This study shows how closely education, lifestyle and

long-term health are linked together. If we're serious about radically

[40] improving the health of the nation, we must fully invest in high-
quality education at all levels."

Fonte: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8291667.stm. Monday, 5 October 2009.

Education women 'aid long life'

[1]    A well-educated woman positively influences both her own and
her partner's chances of a long life, Swedish research suggests.
    À man whose partner had only a school education has a 25%
greater risk of dying early than if she had had a university education,
[5] it suggests.
    The authors say educated women may be more likely to under-
stand the various health messages their families needed.
    The findings are based on a study of 1.5m working Swedes,
aged 30 to 59.

[10]    The study, in the journal of Epidemiology and Community
Healthcare, says that in the case of men, it is their income and social
status that affect women's lifespan.

    The researchers looked at data from the 1990 Swedish census
and followed up information on causes of death, including cancer

[15] and circulatory diseases like heart disease and stroke from the cause
of death registers up to 2003.

    University education
    À woman's education and social status were more important for
q man's life chances than his own education, the findings indicate.

[20]    And a woman's education also affects her own mortality, with
someone with a school education having a 53% greater risk of dying
early than a university educated woman.

    The authors said: "Education is of great importance through a
direct influence on mortality as well as indirectly via occupation and

[25] income.

    "Education may also have an indirect effect through its possible
importance for choice of partner.”

    Dr Robert Erikson, who led the research, said: "Women tradi-
tionally take more responsibility for the home than men do and, as a

[30] consequence, women's education might be more important for the
family lifestyle - for example, in terms of food habits - than men! s
education."

    "It's still the case that women tend to put the food on the table
and in that way have a very direct influence."

[35] "Women with higher education may also receive better medical
treatment and their partners may benefit too."

    Professor Alan Maryon-Davis, of the UK's Faculty of Public
Health, said: "This study shows how closely education, lifestyle and

long-term health are linked together. If we're serious about radically

[40] improving the health of the nation, we must fully invest in high-
quality education at all levels."

Fonte: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8291667.stm. Monday, 5 October 2009.

Education women 'aid long life'

[1]    A well-educated woman positively influences both her own and
her partner's chances of a long life, Swedish research suggests.
    À man whose partner had only a school education has a 25%
greater risk of dying early than if she had had a university education,
[5] it suggests.
    The authors say educated women may be more likely to under-
stand the various health messages their families needed.
    The findings are based on a study of 1.5m working Swedes,
aged 30 to 59.

[10]    The study, in the journal of Epidemiology and Community
Healthcare, says that in the case of men, it is their income and social
status that affect women's lifespan.

    The researchers looked at data from the 1990 Swedish census
and followed up information on causes of death, including cancer

[15] and circulatory diseases like heart disease and stroke from the cause
of death registers up to 2003.

    University education
    À woman's education and social status were more important for
q man's life chances than his own education, the findings indicate.

[20]    And a woman's education also affects her own mortality, with
someone with a school education having a 53% greater risk of dying
early than a university educated woman.

    The authors said: "Education is of great importance through a
direct influence on mortality as well as indirectly via occupation and

[25] income.

    "Education may also have an indirect effect through its possible
importance for choice of partner.”

    Dr Robert Erikson, who led the research, said: "Women tradi-
tionally take more responsibility for the home than men do and, as a

[30] consequence, women's education might be more important for the
family lifestyle - for example, in terms of food habits - than men! s
education."

    "It's still the case that women tend to put the food on the table
and in that way have a very direct influence."

[35] "Women with higher education may also receive better medical
treatment and their partners may benefit too."

    Professor Alan Maryon-Davis, of the UK's Faculty of Public
Health, said: "This study shows how closely education, lifestyle and

long-term health are linked together. If we're serious about radically

[40] improving the health of the nation, we must fully invest in high-
quality education at all levels."

Fonte: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8291667.stm. Monday, 5 October 2009.