Questões de Inglês

Read the text below.

 

ARE VIRUSES ALIVE?

 

    For about 100 years, the scientific community has repeatedly changed its collective mind over what viruses are. First seen as poisons, then as lifeforms, then biological chemicals, viruses today are thought of as being in a gray area between living and nonliving: they cannot replicate on their own but can do so in truly living cells and can also affect the behavior of their hosts profoundly. Finally, however, scientists are beginning to appreciate viruses as fundamental players in the history of life.

 

    To Be or Not to Be

 

    The seemingly simple question of whether or not viruses are alive, which my students often ask, has probably defied a simple answer all these years because it raises a fundamental issue: What exactly defines “life?” A precise scientific definition of life is an elusive thing, but most observers would agree that life includes certain qualities in addition to an ability to replicate. For example, a living entity is in a state bounded by birth and death. Living organisms also are thought to require a degree of biochemical autonomy, carrying on the metabolic activities that produce the molecules and energy needed to sustain the organism. This level of autonomy is essential to most definitions.

 

    Viruses, however, parasitize essentially all biomolecular aspects of life. That is, they depend on the host cell for the raw materials and energy necessary for nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, processing and transport, and all other biochemical activities that allow the virus to multiply and spread. One might then conclude that even though these processes come under viral direction, viruses are simply nonliving parasites of living metabolic systems.

(Source: scientificamerican.com)

The text is an example of

How On-line Gamers are Solving Science's Biggest Problems

 

    On paper, gamers and scientists make a bizarre union. But in reality, their two worlds aren't leagues apart: both involve solving problems within a given set of rules. Genetic analysis, for instance, is about finding sequences and patterns among seemingly random clusters of data. Frame the analysis as a pattern-spotting game that looks like Candy Crush, and, while aligning patterns and scoring points, players can also be hunting for mutations that cause cancer, Alzheimer's disease or diabetes.

 

    “Our brains are geared up to recognise patterns”, says Erinma Ochu, a neuroscientist at the University of Manchester, explaining why scientists are turning to gamers for help, “and we do it better than computers. This is a new way of working for scientists, but as long as they learn how to trust game developers to do what they do best — make great games — then they can have thousands of people from all around the world working on their data”.

Disponivel em: www.theguardian.com. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2014 (adaptado).
 

De acordo com a reportagem publicada no jornal The Guardian, os adeptos de jogos eletrônicos podem ajudar os cientistas por terem

Anyway

 

You can spend your whole life building
Something from nothin'
One storm can come and blow it all away
Build it anyway
You can chase a dream that seems so out of reach
And you know it might not ever come your way
Dream it anyway
[...]
This world's gone crazy and it's hard to believe
That tomorrow will be better than today
Believe itanyway
You can love someone with all your heart
For all the right reasons
Ina moment they can choose to walk away
Love 'em anyway

McBRIDE, M. Disponível em: www.elyrics.net. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2013 (fragmento).

 

Com base na palavra “anyway”, que é título da canção, entende-se que o fragmento

A Guide to Harvard “A Cappella!”

 

    A cappella is such a big deal on all college campuses these days, | thought I'd write a post about what Harvard has to offer (spoiler alert: many incredibly talented groups)! There are so many groups that we have a cappella jams fairly often, and it's always a good time to go hear the other groups perform

    Some of my favorite memories are hanging out with my a cappella group members both on campus and around the country (and soon the world during our summer tour!). The Harvard a cappella community is absurdly diverse and talented — | think every Harvard student should take advantage of all we have on campus and go see a show!

Disponível em: https://college.harvard.edu. Acesso em: 11 dez. 2017 (adaptado).

 

A expressão “a cappella” caracteriza o ato de cantar sem o acompanhamento de instrumentos musicais.

 

A expressão “big deal”, usada com relação a esse tema, indica que

Tendo em vista a abrangência do inglês no contexto global, a falha na comunicação evidenciada nesse diálogo é gerada pelo fato de que os interlocutores

Leia as frases a seguir e analise as palavras sublinhadas

 

I - Do you have those books that I want to buy?
II - Can you get the red flowers on your way home, please?
III - Did you see many kids in the park?
IV - I have no money to give you.
V - He offered me something to eat.

 

Assinale a alternativa em que as palavras em destaque estão correta e respectivamente categorizadas.