Questões de Inglês

TEXT

[1]   Until a few weeks ago, the immigrant  

transfer center on the tiny Mediterranean  

island of Lampedusa/Italy was empty. An  

extensive European campaign against  

[5] migration from Africa was considered so  

effective that the authorities basically shut it  

down.  

  But since the Tunisian government  

collapsed in January, spurring unrest across  

[10] North Africa, Lampedusa has been bustling.  

The Italian police tow in boats full of  

desperate immigrants — about 6,000  

refugees in the past two months. Young men  

in hooded jackets smoke cigarettes and await  

[15] transfer to the mainland — a prospect that is  

striking fear in many European hearts.  

  The turmoil in Libya and elsewhere in  

the region has toppled or undermined North  

African dictators who negotiated a web of  

[20] benefits from Europe, including aid and  

diplomatic standing, in return for stopping  

immigrants seeking to cross the  

Mediterranean.  

  Without the assistance of those leaders,  

[25] many in Europe worry that they will face new  

waves of illegal immigration not only from  

the liberated areas in the north, but from  

much of sub-Saharan Africa as well.  

  The immigrants would arrive at a time  

[30] when much of Europe — struggling with high  

unemployment and lethargic economies — is  

already awash with anti-immigrant  

sentiment, and many countries say they are  

simply incapable of absorbing poor migrants.  

[35]   Unable to build the kind of border fence  

that the United States has erected to keep  

Mexicans at home, countries like Spain and  

Italy have spent years forging close  

relationships with North African leaders,  

[40] persuading them to prevent migrants from  

trying to sail the rough seas of the  

Mediterranean. In return, Morocco, Tunisia  

and particularly Libya sometimes used brutal  

tactics to keep immigrants from ever getting  

[45] near European shores, human rights activists  

say.  

  Italy‘s agreement with Libya, signed in  

2008, was considered especially effective. 

Italy pledged $5 billion over 20 years in  

[50] exchange for Libya blocking would-be  

immigrants from leaving. Almost overnight  

immigrants stopped arriving in Lampedusa.  

  According to the Italian Interior Ministry,  

in 2008, more than 36,000 immigrants came  

[55] ashore in Italy — not only from North Africa,  

but from the Horn of Africa, Niger and  

Nigeria. After the treaty, that number  

dropped to 9,500 in 2009 and slowed to a  

relative trickle in Lampedusa.  

[60]   Italy‘s arrangement with Libya was  

hardly the only one. Spain, too, has over the  

years enlisted the help of Morocco and other  

African countries in dealing with immigrants.  

Experts say it has offered countries  

[65] equipment for patrolling shorelines and  

economic aid of all sorts — so that  

immigrants have fewer reasons to leave and  

African governments have more reason to  

help.  

[70]   Spain offered Senegal money to help  

repatriate immigrants who were often  

returned to the Dakar airport but did not  

have the money or the incentive to return to  

their villages. At times, the European Union 

[75] pays for such projects, too.  

  The agreements have been effective. In  

the past year, control of the African coastline  

was so tight that immigrants were turning to  

a wholly different route, showing up on the  

[80] land border between Greece and Turkey. In  

recent weeks, Italian officials have warned of  

a "biblical exodus" in which as many as  

300,000 could arrive, though many experts  

say that number is intended more as a way  

[85] to stir up passions domestically than as a  

reflection of any clear reality.  

  Now, the island‘s local population of  

6,000 is once again outnumbered by  

detained migrants, according to the ministry.  

[90] At one point, there were so many immigrants  

here that the authorities allowed them to  

wander the island freely rather than keep  

them locked up. Inside the center on  

Wednesday, hundreds of young men, almost  

[95] all from Tunisia, were eager to tell visitors  

their message: "We want work."

Adapted from: www.nytimes.com march 09,2011

As to the situation faced by most European countries at the moment and their reaction in relation to immigrants, the text mentions

TEXT

[1]   Until a few weeks ago, the immigrant  

transfer center on the tiny Mediterranean  

island of Lampedusa/Italy was empty. An  

extensive European campaign against  

[5] migration from Africa was considered so  

effective that the authorities basically shut it  

down.  

  But since the Tunisian government  

collapsed in January, spurring unrest across  

[10] North Africa, Lampedusa has been bustling.  

The Italian police tow in boats full of  

desperate immigrants — about 6,000  

refugees in the past two months. Young men  

in hooded jackets smoke cigarettes and await  

[15] transfer to the mainland — a prospect that is  

striking fear in many European hearts.  

  The turmoil in Libya and elsewhere in  

the region has toppled or undermined North  

African dictators who negotiated a web of  

[20] benefits from Europe, including aid and  

diplomatic standing, in return for stopping  

immigrants seeking to cross the  

Mediterranean.  

  Without the assistance of those leaders,  

[25] many in Europe worry that they will face new  

waves of illegal immigration not only from  

the liberated areas in the north, but from  

much of sub-Saharan Africa as well.  

  The immigrants would arrive at a time  

[30] when much of Europe — struggling with high  

unemployment and lethargic economies — is  

already awash with anti-immigrant  

sentiment, and many countries say they are  

simply incapable of absorbing poor migrants.  

[35]   Unable to build the kind of border fence  

that the United States has erected to keep  

Mexicans at home, countries like Spain and  

Italy have spent years forging close  

relationships with North African leaders,  

[40] persuading them to prevent migrants from  

trying to sail the rough seas of the  

Mediterranean. In return, Morocco, Tunisia  

and particularly Libya sometimes used brutal  

tactics to keep immigrants from ever getting  

[45] near European shores, human rights activists  

say.  

  Italy‘s agreement with Libya, signed in  

2008, was considered especially effective. 

Italy pledged $5 billion over 20 years in  

[50] exchange for Libya blocking would-be  

immigrants from leaving. Almost overnight  

immigrants stopped arriving in Lampedusa.  

  According to the Italian Interior Ministry,  

in 2008, more than 36,000 immigrants came  

[55] ashore in Italy — not only from North Africa,  

but from the Horn of Africa, Niger and  

Nigeria. After the treaty, that number  

dropped to 9,500 in 2009 and slowed to a  

relative trickle in Lampedusa.  

[60]   Italy‘s arrangement with Libya was  

hardly the only one. Spain, too, has over the  

years enlisted the help of Morocco and other  

African countries in dealing with immigrants.  

Experts say it has offered countries  

[65] equipment for patrolling shorelines and  

economic aid of all sorts — so that  

immigrants have fewer reasons to leave and  

African governments have more reason to  

help.  

[70]   Spain offered Senegal money to help  

repatriate immigrants who were often  

returned to the Dakar airport but did not  

have the money or the incentive to return to  

their villages. At times, the European Union 

[75] pays for such projects, too.  

  The agreements have been effective. In  

the past year, control of the African coastline  

was so tight that immigrants were turning to  

a wholly different route, showing up on the  

[80] land border between Greece and Turkey. In  

recent weeks, Italian officials have warned of  

a "biblical exodus" in which as many as  

300,000 could arrive, though many experts  

say that number is intended more as a way  

[85] to stir up passions domestically than as a  

reflection of any clear reality.  

  Now, the island‘s local population of  

6,000 is once again outnumbered by  

detained migrants, according to the ministry.  

[90] At one point, there were so many immigrants  

here that the authorities allowed them to  

wander the island freely rather than keep  

them locked up. Inside the center on  

Wednesday, hundreds of young men, almost  

[95] all from Tunisia, were eager to tell visitors  

their message: "We want work." 

Adapted from: www.nytimes.com march 09,2011

The text mentions an event that somehow triggered the new surge of immigrants arriving all of a sudden in Lampedusa/Italy, which is the

TEXT

[1]   Until a few weeks ago, the immigrant  

transfer center on the tiny Mediterranean  

island of Lampedusa/Italy was empty. An  

extensive European campaign against  

[5] migration from Africa was considered so  

effective that the authorities basically shut it  

down.  

  But since the Tunisian government  

collapsed in January, spurring unrest across  

[10] North Africa, Lampedusa has been bustling.  

The Italian police tow in boats full of  

desperate immigrants — about 6,000  

refugees in the past two months. Young men  

in hooded jackets smoke cigarettes and await  

[15] transfer to the mainland — a prospect that is  

striking fear in many European hearts.  

  The turmoil in Libya and elsewhere in  

the region has toppled or undermined North  

African dictators who negotiated a web of  

[20] benefits from Europe, including aid and  

diplomatic standing, in return for stopping  

immigrants seeking to cross the  

Mediterranean.  

  Without the assistance of those leaders,  

[25] many in Europe worry that they will face new  

waves of illegal immigration not only from  

the liberated areas in the north, but from  

much of sub-Saharan Africa as well.  

  The immigrants would arrive at a time  

[30] when much of Europe — struggling with high  

unemployment and lethargic economies — is  

already awash with anti-immigrant  

sentiment, and many countries say they are  

simply incapable of absorbing poor migrants.  

[35]   Unable to build the kind of border fence  

that the United States has erected to keep  

Mexicans at home, countries like Spain and  

Italy have spent years forging close  

relationships with North African leaders,  

[40] persuading them to prevent migrants from  

trying to sail the rough seas of the  

Mediterranean. In return, Morocco, Tunisia  

and particularly Libya sometimes used brutal  

tactics to keep immigrants from ever getting  

[45] near European shores, human rights activists  

say.  

  Italy‘s agreement with Libya, signed in  

2008, was considered especially effective. 

Italy pledged $5 billion over 20 years in  

[50] exchange for Libya blocking would-be  

immigrants from leaving. Almost overnight  

immigrants stopped arriving in Lampedusa.  

  According to the Italian Interior Ministry,  

in 2008, more than 36,000 immigrants came  

[55] ashore in Italy — not only from North Africa,  

but from the Horn of Africa, Niger and  

Nigeria. After the treaty, that number  

dropped to 9,500 in 2009 and slowed to a  

relative trickle in Lampedusa.  

[60]   Italy‘s arrangement with Libya was  

hardly the only one. Spain, too, has over the  

years enlisted the help of Morocco and other  

African countries in dealing with immigrants.  

Experts say it has offered countries  

[65] equipment for patrolling shorelines and  

economic aid of all sorts — so that  

immigrants have fewer reasons to leave and  

African governments have more reason to  

help.  

[70]   Spain offered Senegal money to help  

repatriate immigrants who were often  

returned to the Dakar airport but did not  

have the money or the incentive to return to  

their villages. At times, the European Union 

[75] pays for such projects, too.  

  The agreements have been effective. In  

the past year, control of the African coastline  

was so tight that immigrants were turning to  

a wholly different route, showing up on the  

[80] land border between Greece and Turkey. In  

recent weeks, Italian officials have warned of  

a "biblical exodus" in which as many as  

300,000 could arrive, though many experts  

say that number is intended more as a way  

[85] to stir up passions domestically than as a  

reflection of any clear reality.  

  Now, the island‘s local population of  

6,000 is once again outnumbered by  

detained migrants, according to the ministry.  

[90] At one point, there were so many immigrants  

here that the authorities allowed them to  

wander the island freely rather than keep  

them locked up. Inside the center on  

Wednesday, hundreds of young men, almost  

[95] all from Tunisia, were eager to tell visitors  

their message: "We want work." 

Adapted from: www.nytimes.com march 09,2011

As to European attempts to halt immigration from African countries, the text states that 

All quotes in this question are from Mario Varga Llosa, from his book The Truth of Lies.

The alternative which correctly completes the sentence “Without rebellion against the mediocrity and the squalor of life, we would still live in a primitive state, and history …… .” is 

All quotes in this question are from Mario Varga Llosa, from his book The Truth of Lies.

The alternative which correctly completes the sentence “We learn how to speak ………. – and ………., ………., and ………. – from good literature, and only from good literature.” is 

All quotes in this question are from Mario Varga Llosa, from his book The Truth of Lies.

In the sentences “Reading good literature is an experience of pleasure, of course; but it is also an experience of learning what and how we are,” and “In today's world, this totalizing and living knowledge of a human being may be found only in literature.”, the -ing words reading, learning, totalizing and living play the function respectively of