Questões de Inglês

Read the text below and answer the following question according to it:

 

Losing Touch With the Patient

By PAULINE W. CHEN, M.D.

Published in the NYTimes.com: October 21, 2010

Several years ago I helped care for a man who had been hospitalized with a severe infection of the abdominal wall. When his primary doctors discovered that the bacteria responsible was resistant to most antibiotics, they quickly isolated him, moving him into a single room with a sign on the door proclaiming “Contact Precautions” and directing visitors to put on gloves, mask and gown before entering.

As the weeks wore on, we clinicians found ourselves minimizing our interactions, designating one team member to suit up and complete the work needed or shouting out updates and questions to the patient from the sterile safety of the doorway.

Increasingly isolated in these ways, he began to withdraw from everyone except his wife. His once daily declarations that he was going to “beat this infection” became less vocal, dimming to whispers, then disappearing altogether. He stopped turning to face us when we called out to him, choosing instead to continue staring blankly at the ceiling.

When he finally died, from cardiac arrest, more than two months later, it was hard not to remember the weeks leading up to his death and to wonder about one thing. In trying so hard to contain the infection, had we lost sight of the person?

According to Dr. Leif Hass, a family practice physician working as a hospitalist at the Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in Oakland, California, some type of contact barrier is definitely in the life of doctors and patients, even though, “there are times when an Intensive Care Unit looks like an assembly plant in Silicon Valley.” And while physicians will be forced to rely less on touch and more on other communication skills like listening and acknowledging, the risk remains that the presence of these physical — and technological — barriers will further eclipse some of the most effective ways in which doctors can alleviate the suffering of their patients.

“We just have to make sure, he said, that in the age of technology and rapid reforms, some of our best tools for healing — simple things like touching people and telling them you care and making them feel you are there for them — don’t get lost.”

Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/21/health/views/21chen.html?ref=health

 

Glossary

gown: veste de proteção

wore on: passavam

suit up: adaptar-se

withdraw: retrair-se

assembly plant: industria de montagem

healing: cura

In “barriers will further eclipse some of the most effective ways in which doctors can alleviate the suffering of their patients” (5th paragraph), the underlined word means___.

Read the text below and answer the following question according to it:

 

Losing Touch With the Patient

By PAULINE W. CHEN, M.D.

Published in the NYTimes.com: October 21, 2010

Several years ago I helped care for a man who had been hospitalized with a severe infection of the abdominal wall. When his primary doctors discovered that the bacteria responsible was resistant to most antibiotics, they quickly isolated him, moving him into a single room with a sign on the door proclaiming “Contact Precautions” and directing visitors to put on gloves, mask and gown before entering.

As the weeks wore on, we clinicians found ourselves minimizing our interactions, designating one team member to suit up and complete the work needed or shouting out updates and questions to the patient from the sterile safety of the doorway.

Increasingly isolated in these ways, he began to withdraw from everyone except his wife. His once daily declarations that he was going to “beat this infection” became less vocal, dimming to whispers, then disappearing altogether. He stopped turning to face us when we called out to him, choosing instead to continue staring blankly at the ceiling.

When he finally died, from cardiac arrest, more than two months later, it was hard not to remember the weeks leading up to his death and to wonder about one thing. In trying so hard to contain the infection, had we lost sight of the person?

According to Dr. Leif Hass, a family practice physician working as a hospitalist at the Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in Oakland, California, some type of contact barrier is definitely in the life of doctors and patients, even though, “there are times when an Intensive Care Unit looks like an assembly plant in Silicon Valley.” And while physicians will be forced to rely less on touch and more on other communication skills like listening and acknowledging, the risk remains that the presence of these physical — and technological — barriers will further eclipse some of the most effective ways in which doctors can alleviate the suffering of their patients.

“We just have to make sure, he said, that in the age of technology and rapid reforms, some of our best tools for healing — simple things like touching people and telling them you care and making them feel you are there for them — don’t get lost.”

Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/21/health/views/21chen.html?ref=health

 

Glossary

gown: veste de proteção

wore on: passavam

suit up: adaptar-se

withdraw: retrair-se

assembly plant: industria de montagem

healing: cura

In “He stopped turning to face us when we called out to him, choosing instead to continue staring blankly at the ceiling.” (3rd paragraph), the underlined word refers to ___.

Read the text below and answer the following question according to it:

 

Losing Touch With the Patient

By PAULINE W. CHEN, M.D.

Published in the NYTimes.com: October 21, 2010

Several years ago I helped care for a man who had been hospitalized with a severe infection of the abdominal wall. When his primary doctors discovered that the bacteria responsible was resistant to most antibiotics, they quickly isolated him, moving him into a single room with a sign on the door proclaiming “Contact Precautions” and directing visitors to put on gloves, mask and gown before entering.

As the weeks wore on, we clinicians found ourselves minimizing our interactions, designating one team member to suit up and complete the work needed or shouting out updates and questions to the patient from the sterile safety of the doorway.

Increasingly isolated in these ways, he began to withdraw from everyone except his wife. His once daily declarations that he was going to “beat this infection” became less vocal, dimming to whispers, then disappearing altogether. He stopped turning to face us when we called out to him, choosing instead to continue staring blankly at the ceiling.

When he finally died, from cardiac arrest, more than two months later, it was hard not to remember the weeks leading up to his death and to wonder about one thing. In trying so hard to contain the infection, had we lost sight of the person?

According to Dr. Leif Hass, a family practice physician working as a hospitalist at the Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in Oakland, California, some type of contact barrier is definitely in the life of doctors and patients, even though, “there are times when an Intensive Care Unit looks like an assembly plant in Silicon Valley.” And while physicians will be forced to rely less on touch and more on other communication skills like listening and acknowledging, the risk remains that the presence of these physical — and technological — barriers will further eclipse some of the most effective ways in which doctors can alleviate the suffering of their patients.

“We just have to make sure, he said, that in the age of technology and rapid reforms, some of our best tools for healing — simple things like touching people and telling them you care and making them feel you are there for them — don’t get lost.”

Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/21/health/views/21chen.html?ref=health

 

Glossary

gown: veste de proteção

wore on: passavam

suit up: adaptar-se

withdraw: retrair-se

assembly plant: industria de montagem

healing: cura

The text’s central idea is: the use of contact barriers in medical treatment ___.

    According to a government study released this

week, the number of Brazilians suffering from obesity is

growing. And the trend toward the fuller figure is most

prevalent among women. “Obesity among women had

[5] stabilized in previous studies, and now there is an

expressive increase,” says Deborah Malta, the study’s

coordinator. “That is very worrying.”

    The study covered many health-related topics and

offered some contradictory figures as well. Although

[10] Brazilians are getting fatter, they are eating less red meat

and more fruits and vegetables, Malta reports. They are

smoking less and taking more preventive tests such as

mammograms and pap smears. But they are using less

sunscreen and drinking more, especially to excess and

[15] often when driving.

    Nevertheless, in body-conscious Brazil, the nation

of Gisele Bündchen, plastic surgery and minuscule

bikinis, it was the obesity figures that caused the most

anxiety. When the New York Times reported in 2005

[20] that Brazilians were getting fatter, the correspondent

came under attack in the media as a gay, Brazilian-hating

heretic.

    According to Malta, Brazilians are relatively slim

compared with their counterparts in the West. “I think

[25] Brazilians are still worried about their bodies. When we

compare ourselves to the rest of the world, we are still

much thinner,” she tells TIME. “And remember, this is

not just Brazilians that are getting fatter — this is a

worldwide phenomenon.”

[30]    Independent experts, however, caution against such

nationalistic one-upmanship. Already one-quarter of

hospital beds are taken up by people suffering from

weight-related ailments such as heart attacks, back

surgeries and hip and joint replacements, says Luiz

[35] Vicente Berti, president of the Brazilian Society of

Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Unless preventive action

is taken to educate people, he warns, Brazil faces a

sick and expensive future. “If we don’t teach people how

to eat properly and exercise, then in 10 years no one

[40] will have the money to pay the hospital bills that

will arise,” Berti says, adding that the number of

stomach-reduction surgeries carried out in Brazil had

risen 500%. “The U.S. can’t solve its problem, and it is

the biggest economy in the world.”

DOWNIE, Andrew . Brazilian obesity : the big girl from Ipanema. São Paulo Friday, Apr. 10, 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.time.com/time/ world/article/>. Acesso em: 3 nov. 2010.

According to Deborah Malta, Brazilians are

Text

 

[1]   Prof. Katherine Rowe‘s blue-haired 

avatar was flying across a grassy landscape  

to a virtual three-dimensional re-creation of  

the Globe Theater, where some students  

[5] from her introductory Shakespeare class at  

Bryn Mawr College had already gathered  

online. Their assignment was to create  

characters on the Web site Theatron3 and  

use them to block scenes from the gory  

[10] revenge tragedy ''Titus Andronicus,'' to see  

how setting can heighten the drama. ''I‘ve  

done this class before in a theater and a  

lecture hall, but it doesn‘t work as well,'' Ms.  

Rowe said, explaining that it was difficult  

[15] for students to imagine what it would be like  

to put on a production in the 16th-century  

Globe, a circular open-air theater without  

electric lights, microphones and a curtain.  

  Jennifer Cook, a senior, used her laptop  

[20] to move a black-clad avatar center stage.  

She and the other half-dozen students  

agreed that in ''Titus,'' the rape, murders and  

final banquet — when the Queen  

unknowingly eats the remains of her two  

[25] children — should all take place in the same  

spot. ''Every time someone is in that space,''  

Ms. Cook said, ''the audience is going to say,  

''Uh oh, you don‘t want to be there.‘ '' 

  Students like Ms. Cook are among the  

[30] first generation of undergraduates at dozens  

of colleges to take humanities courses '

even Shakespeare ''that are deeply  

influenced by a new array of powerful digital  

tools and vast online archives. Ms. Rowe‘s  

[35] students, who have occasionally met with  

her on the virtual Globe stage while wearing  

pajamas in their dorm rooms, are  

enthusiastic about the technology.  

  At the University of Virginia, history  

[40] undergraduates have produced a digital  

visualization of the college‘s first library  

collection, allowing them to consider what  

the selection of books says about how  

knowledge was classified in the early 18th  

[45] century. At Hamilton College, students can  

explore a virtual re-creation of the South  

African township of Soweto during the 1976  

student uprisings, or sign up for ''e-black  

studies'' to examine how cyberspace reflects  

[50] and shapes the portrayal of minorities.  

  Many teachers and administrators are  

only beginning to figure out the contours of  

this emerging field of digital humanities, and  

how it should be taught. In the classroom,  

[55] however, digitally savvy undergraduates are  

not just ready to adapt to the tools but also  

to explore how new media may alter the very  

process of reading, interpretation and  

analysis. ''There‘s a very exciting generation  

[60] gap in the classroom,'' said Ms. Rowe, who  

developed the digital components of her  

Shakespeare course with a graduate student  

who now works at Google. ''Students are  

fluent in new media, and the faculty bring  

[65] sophisticated knowledge of a subject. It‘s a  

gap that won‘t last more than a decade. In  

10 years these students will be my  

colleagues, but now it presents unusual  

learning opportunities.'' As Ms. Cook said,  

[70] ''The Internet is less foreign to me than a  

Shakespeare play written 500 years ago.'' 

  Bryn Mawr‘s unusually close partnership 

with Haverford College and Swarthmore  

College has enabled the three institutions to  

[75] pool their resources, students and faculty. In  

November students from all three  

participated in the first Digital Humanities  

Conference for Undergraduates. 

  Jen Rajchel, one of the conference  

[80] organizers, is the first undergraduate at Bryn  

Mawr to have a digital senior thesis accepted  

by the English department: a Web site and  

archive on the American poet Marianne  

Moore, who attended the college nearly a  

[85] century ago. Presenting a Moore poem on  

the Web site while simultaneously displaying  

commentary in different windows next to the  

text (as opposed to listing them in a paper)  

more accurately reflects the work‘s multiple  

[90] meanings, according to Ms. Rajchel. After all,  

she argued in the thesis, Moore was acutely  

aware of her audience and made subtle  

alterations in her poems for different  

publications — changes that are more easily  

[95] illustrated by displaying the various versions.  

The Web presentation of Moore‘s poetry also

allows readers to add comments and talk to  

one another, which Ms. Rajchel believes  

matches the poet‘s interest in opening a  

[100] dialogue with her readers.  

  Particularly inspiring to Ms. Rajchel is  

that her work doesn‘t disappear after being  

deposited in a professor‘s in box. The site,  

which includes scans of original documents  

[105] from Bryn Mawr‘s library, was (and remains)  

viewable. ''It really can go outside of the  

classroom,'' she said, adding that an  

established Marianne Moore scholar at  

another university had left a comment.  

[110]   Doing research that lives outside the  

classroom is also what drew Anna Levine, a  

junior at Swarthmore, to digital humanities.  

Over the summer and after class, she and  

Richard Li, a senior at Swarthmore, worked  

[115] with Rachel Buurma, an assistant professor  

of literature there, to develop the Early  

Novels Database for the University of  

Pennsylvania‘s Rare Book and Manuscript  

Library, which enables users to search more  

[120] thoroughly through fiction published between 

1660 and 1830. ''I am the one doing all the  

grunt work,'' Ms. Levine said of her tasks,  

which largely involve entering details about a  

novel into the database. ''But one of the  

[125] great things is as an undergraduate, it really  

enables me to participate in a scholarly  

community.''

  In a Swarthmore lounge where Ms.  

Buurma‘s weekly research seminar on  

[130] Victorian literature and culture meets, Ms.  

Levine and a handful of other students  

recently settled into a cozy circle on stuffed  

chairs and couches. As part of their class  

work, they have been helping to correct the  

[135] transcribed online versions of Household  

Words and All the Year Round, two 19th-

century periodicals in which Charles Dickens

initially published some novels, including  

''Great Expectations,'' in serial form. On a  

[140] square coffee table sat a short stack of  

original issues of the magazine that a  

librarian had brought from the college‘s  

discussed how the experience of reading  

[145] differs, depending on whether the text is  

presented in discrete segments, surrounded  

by advertisements or in a leather binding;  

whether you are working in an archive,  

editing online or reading for pleasure.  

[150]   Those skeptical of the digital humanities  

worry that the emphasis on data analysis will  

distract students from delving deeply into the  

heart and soul of literary texts. But Ms.  

Buurma contends that these undergraduates  

[155] are in fact reading quite closely. 

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/March 21, 2011.

 

In terms of tense, the sentences ''Katherine Rowe’s blue-haired avatar was flying across a grassy landscape'', ''Some students had already gathered online.'' and ''On a square coffee table sat a short stack of original issues of the magazine…'' are respectively in the 

Text

 

[1]   Prof. Katherine Rowe‘s blue-haired 

avatar was flying across a grassy landscape  

to a virtual three-dimensional re-creation of  

the Globe Theater, where some students  

[5] from her introductory Shakespeare class at  

Bryn Mawr College had already gathered  

online. Their assignment was to create  

characters on the Web site Theatron3 and  

use them to block scenes from the gory  

[10] revenge tragedy ''Titus Andronicus,'' to see  

how setting can heighten the drama. ''I‘ve  

done this class before in a theater and a  

lecture hall, but it doesn‘t work as well,'' Ms.  

Rowe said, explaining that it was difficult  

[15] for students to imagine what it would be like  

to put on a production in the 16th-century  

Globe, a circular open-air theater without  

electric lights, microphones and a curtain.  

  Jennifer Cook, a senior, used her laptop  

[20] to move a black-clad avatar center stage.  

She and the other half-dozen students  

agreed that in ''Titus,'' the rape, murders and  

final banquet — when the Queen  

unknowingly eats the remains of her two  

[25] children — should all take place in the same  

spot. ''Every time someone is in that space,''  

Ms. Cook said, ''the audience is going to say,  

''Uh oh, you don‘t want to be there.‘ '' 

  Students like Ms. Cook are among the  

[30] first generation of undergraduates at dozens  

of colleges to take humanities courses '

even Shakespeare ''that are deeply  

influenced by a new array of powerful digital  

tools and vast online archives. Ms. Rowe‘s  

[35] students, who have occasionally met with  

her on the virtual Globe stage while wearing  

pajamas in their dorm rooms, are  

enthusiastic about the technology.  

  At the University of Virginia, history  

[40] undergraduates have produced a digital  

visualization of the college‘s first library  

collection, allowing them to consider what  

the selection of books says about how  

knowledge was classified in the early 18th  

[45] century. At Hamilton College, students can  

explore a virtual re-creation of the South  

African township of Soweto during the 1976  

student uprisings, or sign up for ''e-black  

studies'' to examine how cyberspace reflects  

[50] and shapes the portrayal of minorities.  

  Many teachers and administrators are  

only beginning to figure out the contours of  

this emerging field of digital humanities, and  

how it should be taught. In the classroom,  

[55] however, digitally savvy undergraduates are  

not just ready to adapt to the tools but also  

to explore how new media may alter the very  

process of reading, interpretation and  

analysis. ''There‘s a very exciting generation  

[60] gap in the classroom,'' said Ms. Rowe, who  

developed the digital components of her  

Shakespeare course with a graduate student  

who now works at Google. ''Students are  

fluent in new media, and the faculty bring  

[65] sophisticated knowledge of a subject. It‘s a  

gap that won‘t last more than a decade. In  

10 years these students will be my  

colleagues, but now it presents unusual  

learning opportunities.'' As Ms. Cook said,  

[70] ''The Internet is less foreign to me than a  

Shakespeare play written 500 years ago.'' 

  Bryn Mawr‘s unusually close partnership 

with Haverford College and Swarthmore  

College has enabled the three institutions to  

[75] pool their resources, students and faculty. In  

November students from all three  

participated in the first Digital Humanities  

Conference for Undergraduates. 

  Jen Rajchel, one of the conference  

[80] organizers, is the first undergraduate at Bryn  

Mawr to have a digital senior thesis accepted  

by the English department: a Web site and  

archive on the American poet Marianne  

Moore, who attended the college nearly a  

[85] century ago. Presenting a Moore poem on  

the Web site while simultaneously displaying  

commentary in different windows next to the  

text (as opposed to listing them in a paper)  

more accurately reflects the work‘s multiple  

[90] meanings, according to Ms. Rajchel. After all,  

she argued in the thesis, Moore was acutely  

aware of her audience and made subtle  

alterations in her poems for different  

publications — changes that are more easily  

[95] illustrated by displaying the various versions.  

The Web presentation of Moore‘s poetry also

allows readers to add comments and talk to  

one another, which Ms. Rajchel believes  

matches the poet‘s interest in opening a  

[100] dialogue with her readers.  

  Particularly inspiring to Ms. Rajchel is  

that her work doesn‘t disappear after being  

deposited in a professor‘s in box. The site,  

which includes scans of original documents  

[105] from Bryn Mawr‘s library, was (and remains)  

viewable. ''It really can go outside of the  

classroom,'' she said, adding that an  

established Marianne Moore scholar at  

another university had left a comment.  

[110]   Doing research that lives outside the  

classroom is also what drew Anna Levine, a  

junior at Swarthmore, to digital humanities.  

Over the summer and after class, she and  

Richard Li, a senior at Swarthmore, worked  

[115] with Rachel Buurma, an assistant professor  

of literature there, to develop the Early  

Novels Database for the University of  

Pennsylvania‘s Rare Book and Manuscript  

Library, which enables users to search more  

[120] thoroughly through fiction published between 

1660 and 1830. ''I am the one doing all the  

grunt work,'' Ms. Levine said of her tasks,  

which largely involve entering details about a  

novel into the database. ''But one of the  

[125] great things is as an undergraduate, it really  

enables me to participate in a scholarly  

community.''

  In a Swarthmore lounge where Ms.  

Buurma‘s weekly research seminar on  

[130] Victorian literature and culture meets, Ms.  

Levine and a handful of other students  

recently settled into a cozy circle on stuffed  

chairs and couches. As part of their class  

work, they have been helping to correct the  

[135] transcribed online versions of Household  

Words and All the Year Round, two 19th-

century periodicals in which Charles Dickens

initially published some novels, including  

''Great Expectations,'' in serial form. On a  

[140] square coffee table sat a short stack of  

original issues of the magazine that a  

librarian had brought from the college‘s  

discussed how the experience of reading  

[145] differs, depending on whether the text is  

presented in discrete segments, surrounded  

by advertisements or in a leather binding;  

whether you are working in an archive,  

editing online or reading for pleasure.  

[150]   Those skeptical of the digital humanities  

worry that the emphasis on data analysis will  

distract students from delving deeply into the  

heart and soul of literary texts. But Ms.  

Buurma contends that these undergraduates  

[155] are in fact reading quite closely. 

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/March 21, 2011.

 

The following –ing ending words explaining, allowing, reading, exciting, and binding are respectively classified according to their function in the text as