Questões de Inglês

The "Tween" Market

[1]  One of the most important recent developments in advertising to kids has been the
defining of a "tween" market (ages 8 to 12). No longer little children, and not yet
teens, tweens are starting to develop their sense of identity and are anxious to
cultivate a sophisticated self-image. And marketers are discovering there's lots of
[5]  money to be made by treating tweens like teenagers.
The marketing industry is forcing tweens to grow up quickly. Industry research
reveals that children 11 and older don't consider themselves children anymore. The
Toy Manufacturers of America have changed their target market from birth to 14, to
birth to ten years of age.
[10]  By treating pre-adolescents as independent, mature consumers, marketers have been very successful in
removing the gatekeepers (parents) from the picture – leaving tweens vulnerable to potentially unhealthy
messages about body image, sexuality, relationships and violence.
Marketing "cool" to teens
Corporations capitalize on the insecurities and self-doubts of teens by making them believe that to be truly
[15] cool, you need their product.
According to No Logo author Naomi Klein, in the 1990s corporations discovered that the youth market was
able and willing to pay top dollar in order to be "cool". The corporations have been chasing* the elusive
cool factor ever since.
Some companies hire "cool hunters" or "cultural spies" to infiltrate the world of teens and bring back the
[20]  latest trends. Trying to stay ahead of the next trend can be a tricky business however, as cultural critic
Douglas Rushkoff explains: "The minute a cool trend is discovered, repackaged, and sold to kids at the mall
– it’s no longer cool. So the kids turn to something else, and the whole process starts all over again."

(www.media-awareness.ca, 4-10-10 – with adaptations)

*chasing = perseguindo

Segundo esse texto, a indústria

The "Tween" Market

[1]  One of the most important recent developments in advertising to kids has been the
defining of a "tween" market (ages 8 to 12). No longer little children, and not yet
teens, tweens are starting to develop their sense of identity and are anxious to
cultivate a sophisticated self-image. And marketers are discovering there's lots of
[5]  money to be made by treating tweens like teenagers.
The marketing industry is forcing tweens to grow up quickly. Industry research
reveals that children 11 and older don't consider themselves children anymore. The
Toy Manufacturers of America have changed their target market from birth to 14, to
birth to ten years of age.
[10]  By treating pre-adolescents as independent, mature consumers, marketers have been very successful in
removing the gatekeepers (parents) from the picture – leaving tweens vulnerable to potentially unhealthy
messages about body image, sexuality, relationships and violence.
Marketing "cool" to teens
Corporations capitalize on the insecurities and self-doubts of teens by making them believe that to be truly
[15] cool, you need their product.
According to No Logo author Naomi Klein, in the 1990s corporations discovered that the youth market was
able and willing to pay top dollar in order to be "cool". The corporations have been chasing* the elusive
cool factor ever since.
Some companies hire "cool hunters" or "cultural spies" to infiltrate the world of teens and bring back the
[20]  latest trends. Trying to stay ahead of the next trend can be a tricky business however, as cultural critic
Douglas Rushkoff explains: "The minute a cool trend is discovered, repackaged, and sold to kids at the mall
– it’s no longer cool. So the kids turn to something else, and the whole process starts all over again."

(www.media-awareness.ca, 4-10-10 – with adaptations)

*chasing = perseguindo

De acordo com o texto, o comércio

The "Tween" Market

[1]  One of the most important recent developments in advertising to kids has been the
defining of a "tween" market (ages 8 to 12). No longer little children, and not yet
teens, tweens are starting to develop their sense of identity and are anxious to
cultivate a sophisticated self-image. And marketers are discovering there's lots of
[5]  money to be made by treating tweens like teenagers.
The marketing industry is forcing tweens to grow up quickly. Industry research
reveals that children 11 and older don't consider themselves children anymore. The
Toy Manufacturers of America have changed their target market from birth to 14, to
birth to ten years of age.
[10]  By treating pre-adolescents as independent, mature consumers, marketers have been very successful in
removing the gatekeepers (parents) from the picture – leaving tweens vulnerable to potentially unhealthy
messages about body image, sexuality, relationships and violence.
Marketing "cool" to teens
Corporations capitalize on the insecurities and self-doubts of teens by making them believe that to be truly
[15] cool, you need their product.
According to No Logo author Naomi Klein, in the 1990s corporations discovered that the youth market was
able and willing to pay top dollar in order to be "cool". The corporations have been chasing* the elusive
cool factor ever since.
Some companies hire "cool hunters" or "cultural spies" to infiltrate the world of teens and bring back the
[20]  latest trends. Trying to stay ahead of the next trend can be a tricky business however, as cultural critic
Douglas Rushkoff explains: "The minute a cool trend is discovered, repackaged, and sold to kids at the mall
– it’s no longer cool. So the kids turn to something else, and the whole process starts all over again."

(www.media-awareness.ca, 4-10-10 – with adaptations)

*chasing = perseguindo

"The minute a cool trend is discovered, repackaged, and sold to kids at the mall – it's no longer cool." (linhas 21-22)
"It", em destaque na passagem acima, faz referência a

TEXTO:

 

Immigration in the United States

 

    Immigrants are good for our economy. The most
skilled create jobs in technology and engineering, says
Duke professor Vivek Wadhwa, who estimates that in
2005 immigrant-founded engineering and tech companies
[5] employed 450,000 people and generated $52 billion in
sales. But even the least skilled more than repay their
costs in school and health care. Two highly respected
Australian economists, Maureen Rimmer and Peter
Dixon, studied the issue for the libertarian Cato Institute.
[10] “The net impact on U.S. households from tighter border
enforcement is unambiguously negative,” they found,
because even low-skilled immigrants expand the
economic pie and create jobs farther up the ladder. Cato’s

dan Griswold says the study shows a $250 billion
[15] difference between the most and least restrictive
immigration policies.
IMMIGRATION in the United States. Newsweek, Ang. 24 & 31, 2009. p.53

 

“enforcement” (l. 11): cumprimento de uma lei.

Professor Vivek Wadhwa says that, in 2005, some immigrant-founded companies

TEXTO:

 

Australia debates nuclear waste

The Stuart Highway runs through Tennant Creek in Australia’s Northern Territory

 

    Aboriginal groups are to debate controversial plans
to build Australia’s first nuclear waste dump on tribal
land in the Northern Territory.
    The federal government has identified a remote
[5] cattle station north of Tennant Creek as a likely site.
    In the next six years nuclear waste that Australia
sent to Europe for reprocessing will be returned but
officials in Canberra have yet to decide where to put it.
    Muckaty Station, an isolated property 120
[10] kilometers from Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory,
has been chosen as a possible site. Local aborigines
have offered to sell the land for $11,000,000, a move that
has infuriated other indigenous groups in the area, who
worry about the health and environmental implications.
[15]     These conflicting views are expected to collide at
a public meeting that will be held in Tennant Creek, an
old gold-mining town south of Darwin. Australian Greens
Senator Scott Ludlam says the plan to build a radioactive
waste dump in the region has become extremely divisive.
[20]     Australia’s federal government said that Muckaty
Station would be subject to thorough scientific and
environmental assessments. Ministers have indicated
that the nuclear dump won’t be built if landowners oppose
it.
[25]     Critics believe that recent earthquakes in that part
of the Northern Territory have raised questions about the
safety of the sites. The Australian Greens have said that
radioactive waste should be stored at the country’s only
nuclear facility on the outskirts of Sydney.
MERCER, Phil. Australia debates nuclear waste. Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2010/03/100303_witn_aborigine.shtml>. Acesso em: 30 set. 2010.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

(  ) The verb form “are to debate” (l. 1) refers to future time.
(  ) The relative pronoun “who” (l. 13) refers to “other indigenous groups” (l. 13).
(  ) The word “These” (l. 15) is in the singular form.
(  ) The modal “should” (l. 28) expresses prohibition.

Considering language use in the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

TEXTO:

 

Australia debates nuclear waste

The Stuart Highway runs through Tennant Creek in Australia’s Northern Territory

 

    Aboriginal groups are to debate controversial plans
to build Australia’s first nuclear waste dump on tribal
land in the Northern Territory.
    The federal government has identified a remote
[5] cattle station north of Tennant Creek as a likely site.
    In the next six years nuclear waste that Australia
sent to Europe for reprocessing will be returned but
officials in Canberra have yet to decide where to put it.
    Muckaty Station, an isolated property 120
[10] kilometers from Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory,
has been chosen as a possible site. Local aborigines
have offered to sell the land for $11,000,000, a move that
has infuriated other indigenous groups in the area, who
worry about the health and environmental implications.
[15]     These conflicting views are expected to collide at
a public meeting that will be held in Tennant Creek, an
old gold-mining town south of Darwin. Australian Greens
Senator Scott Ludlam says the plan to build a radioactive
waste dump in the region has become extremely divisive.
[20]     Australia’s federal government said that Muckaty
Station would be subject to thorough scientific and
environmental assessments. Ministers have indicated
that the nuclear dump won’t be built if landowners oppose
it.
[25]     Critics believe that recent earthquakes in that part
of the Northern Territory have raised questions about the
safety of the sites. The Australian Greens have said that
radioactive waste should be stored at the country’s only
nuclear facility on the outskirts of Sydney.
MERCER, Phil. Australia debates nuclear waste. Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2010/03/100303_witn_aborigine.shtml>. Acesso em: 30 set. 2010.

“the nuclear dump won’t be built if landowners oppose it.” (l. 23-24)

This sentence expresses