Questões de Inglês

Understanding Bipolar Disorder

Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of Manic Depression

1 We all have our ups and downs, our "off" days and our "on" days, but if you're suffering from bipolar disorder, these peaks and valleys are more severe. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can hurt your job and school performance, damage your relationships, and disrupt your daily life. And although bipolar disorder is treatable, many people don’t recognize the warning signs and get the help they need. Since bipolar disorder tends to worsen without treatment, it’s important to learn what the symptoms look like. Recognizing the problem is the first step to getting it under control.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

7 Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) causes serious shifts in mood, energy, thinking, and behavior–from the highs of mania on one extreme, to the lows of depression on the other. More than just a fleeting good or bad mood, the cycles of bipolar disorder last for days, weeks, or months. And unlike ordinary mood swings, the mood changes of bipolar disorder are so intense that they interfere with your ability to function.

12 During a manic episode, a person might impulsively quit a job, charge up huge amounts on credit cards, or feel rested after sleeping two hours. During a depressive episode, the same person might be too tired to get out of bed and full of self-loathing and hopelessness over being unemployed and in debt.

16 The causes of bipolar disorder aren’t completely understood, but it often runs in families. The first manic or depressive episode of bipolar disorder usually occurs in the teenage years or early adulthood. The symptoms can be subtle and confusing, so many people with bipolar disorder are overlooked or misdiagnosed–resulting in unnecessary suffering. But with proper treatment and support, you can lead a rich and fulfilling life.

Signs and symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

21 Bipolar disorder can look very different in different people. The symptoms vary widely in their pattern, severity, and frequency. Some people are more prone to either mania or depression, while others alternate equally between the two types of episodes. Some have frequent mood disruptions, while others experience only a few over a lifetime.

25 There are four types of mood episodes in bipolar disorder: mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed episodes. Each type of bipolar disorder mood episode has a unique set of symptoms.

Treatment for bipolar disorder

27 If you spot the symptoms of bipolar depression in yourself or someone else, don’t wait to get help. Ignoring the problem won’t make it go away; in fact, it will almost certainly get worse. Living with untreated bipolar disorder can lead to problems in everything from your career to your relationships to your health. Diagnosing the problem as early as possible and getting into treatment can help prevent these complications.

32 If you’re reluctant to seek treatment because you like the way you feel when you’re manic, remember that the energy and euphoria come with a price. Mania and hypomania often turn destructive, hurting you and the people around you.

Basics of bipolar disorder treatment

35 Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment. Since bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness, it’s important to continue treatment even when you’re feeling better. Most people with bipolar disorder need medication to prevent new episodes and stay symptom-free.

38 There is more to treatment than medication. Medication alone is usually not enough to fully control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The most effective treatment strategy for bipolar disorder involves a combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support.

41 It’s best to work with an experienced psychiatrist. Bipolar disorder is a complex condition. Diagnosis can be tricky and treatment is often difficult. For safety reasons, medication should be closely monitored. A psychiatrist who is skilled in bipolar disorder treatment can help you navigate these twists and turns.

(http://www.helpguide.org/mental/bipolar_disorder_symptoms_treatment.htm)

Understanding Bipolar Disorder

Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of Manic Depression

1 We all have our ups and downs, our "off" days and our "on" days, but if you're suffering from bipolar disorder, these peaks and valleys are more severe. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can hurt your job and school performance, damage your relationships, and disrupt your daily life. And although bipolar disorder is treatable, many people don’t recognize the warning signs and get the help they need. Since bipolar disorder tends to worsen without treatment, it’s important to learn what the symptoms look like. Recognizing the problem is the first step to getting it under control.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

7 Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) causes serious shifts in mood, energy, thinking, and behavior–from the highs of mania on one extreme, to the lows of depression on the other. More than just a fleeting good or bad mood, the cycles of bipolar disorder last for days, weeks, or months. And unlike ordinary mood swings, the mood changes of bipolar disorder are so intense that they interfere with your ability to function.

12 During a manic episode, a person might impulsively quit a job, charge up huge amounts on credit cards, or feel rested after sleeping two hours. During a depressive episode, the same person might be too tired to get out of bed and full of self-loathing and hopelessness over being unemployed and in debt.

16 The causes of bipolar disorder aren’t completely understood, but it often runs in families. The first manic or depressive episode of bipolar disorder usually occurs in the teenage years or early adulthood. The symptoms can be subtle and confusing, so many people with bipolar disorder are overlooked or misdiagnosed–resulting in unnecessary suffering. But with proper treatment and support, you can lead a rich and fulfilling life.

Signs and symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

21 Bipolar disorder can look very different in different people. The symptoms vary widely in their pattern, severity, and frequency. Some people are more prone to either mania or depression, while others alternate equally between the two types of episodes. Some have frequent mood disruptions, while others experience only a few over a lifetime.

25 There are four types of mood episodes in bipolar disorder: mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed episodes. Each type of bipolar disorder mood episode has a unique set of symptoms.

Treatment for bipolar disorder

27 If you spot the symptoms of bipolar depression in yourself or someone else, don’t wait to get help. Ignoring the problem won’t make it go away; in fact, it will almost certainly get worse. Living with untreated bipolar disorder can lead to problems in everything from your career to your relationships to your health. Diagnosing the problem as early as possible and getting into treatment can help prevent these complications.

32 If you’re reluctant to seek treatment because you like the way you feel when you’re manic, remember that the energy and euphoria come with a price. Mania and hypomania often turn destructive, hurting you and the people around you.

Basics of bipolar disorder treatment

35 Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment. Since bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness, it’s important to continue treatment even when you’re feeling better. Most people with bipolar disorder need medication to prevent new episodes and stay symptom-free.

38 There is more to treatment than medication. Medication alone is usually not enough to fully control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The most effective treatment strategy for bipolar disorder involves a combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support.

41 It’s best to work with an experienced psychiatrist. Bipolar disorder is a complex condition. Diagnosis can be tricky and treatment is often difficult. For safety reasons, medication should be closely monitored. A psychiatrist who is skilled in bipolar disorder treatment can help you navigate these twists and turns.

(http://www.helpguide.org/mental/bipolar_disorder_symptoms_treatment.htm)

INSTRUCTION: Answer question according to text.

TEXT

    “The idea that the Swedish economy is headed for
a crash is nonsense,” Blomkvist said.
    “You have to distinguish between two things – the
Swedish economy and the Swedish stock market. The
[5] Swedish economy is the sum of all the goods and
services that are produced in this country every day.
There are telephones from Eric, cars from Volvo,
chickens from Scan, and shipments from Kiruna to
Svövke. That’s the Swedish economy, and it’s just as
[10] strong or weak today as it was a week ago.”
    He paused for effect and took a sip of water.
    “The Stock Exchange is something very different.
There is no economy and no production of goods and
services. There are only fantasies in which people from
[15] one hour to the next decide that this or that company
is worth so many billions, more or less. It doesn’t have
a thing to do with reality or with the Swedish economy.”
    “So you’re saying that it doesn’t matter if the Stock
Exchange drops like a rock?”

LARSSON, S. (2009) The girl with the dragon tattoo. Vintage, pp.626-627.

INSTRUCTION: Answer question according to text.

TEXT

    Nobody likes to feel impotent when facing facts.
But according to many psychologists, those who do
not want or do not know how to use power go far beyond
a disagreeable and temporary sensation: they condemn
[5] themselves to a life of frustrations.
    What is not lacking in our society are theories and
methods to teach us how to be more assertive and
how to be more powerful. However, as any order-giver
knows and is tired of hearing, power brings many
[10] problems with it. To understand these, it is enough to
take into consideration that exercising power results
in notable psychological changes, such as evaluating
others much more unfavorably when they are regarded
as manipulable. When we have managed to have others
[15] do what we want, regardless of how praiseworthy and
efficient their behavior has been, we tend to attribute
the success to the excellence of our orders, and not
to their skills and motivations.

(Source: Icaro, In Flight Magazine)

INSTRUCTION: Answer question according to text.

TEXT

    Nobody likes to feel impotent when facing facts.
But according to many psychologists, those who do
not want or do not know how to use power go far beyond
a disagreeable and temporary sensation: they condemn
[5] themselves to a life of frustrations.
    What is not lacking in our society are theories and
methods to teach us how to be more assertive and
how to be more powerful. However, as any order-giver
knows and is tired of hearing, power brings many
[10] problems with it. To understand these, it is enough to
take into consideration that exercising power results
in notable psychological changes, such as evaluating
others much more unfavorably when they are regarded
as manipulable. When we have managed to have others
[15] do what we want, regardless of how praiseworthy and
efficient their behavior has been, we tend to attribute
the success to the excellence of our orders, and not
to their skills and motivations.

(Source: Icaro, In Flight Magazine)

INSTRUCTION: Answer question according to text.

TEXT

    Nobody likes to feel impotent when facing facts.
But according to many psychologists, those who do
not want or do not know how to use power go far beyond
a disagreeable and temporary sensation: they condemn
[5] themselves to a life of frustrations.
    What is not lacking in our society are theories and
methods to teach us how to be more assertive and
how to be more powerful. However, as any order-giver
knows and is tired of hearing, power brings many
[10] problems with it. To understand these, it is enough to
take into consideration that exercising power results
in notable psychological changes, such as evaluating
others much more unfavorably when they are regarded
as manipulable. When we have managed to have others
[15] do what we want, regardless of how praiseworthy and
efficient their behavior has been, we tend to attribute
the success to the excellence of our orders, and not
to their skills and motivations.

(Source: Icaro, In Flight Magazine)