Questões de Inglês

Still I Rise

Out of the huts of history’s shame
I rise
Up from a past that’s rooted in pain
I rise
I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide,
Welling and swelling I bear in the tide.
Leaving behind nights of terror and fear
I rise
Into a daybreak that’s wondrously clear
I rise
Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,
I am the dream and the hope of the slave.
I rise
I rise
I rise.

ANGELOU, M. Disponível em: www.famouspoetsandpoems.com. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2013 (fragmento).

 

Maya Angelou, poeta afro-americana, escreveu diversos poemas sobre a opressão racial.

 

Em Still I Rise, o recurso utilizado pela autora para sugerir a superação da opressão racial é a

As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies

Many ask authors to disclose use of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence

 

 “It’s all we’ve been talking about since November,” says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He’s referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI) - powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.

 Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time.[. . . ]

 In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifi-cally on scientific literature - a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.

 So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.

Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, p. 740-741, 22 fev.2023. Dispon´ıvel em https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-explore-aiwritten-text-journals-hammer-policies.

No trecho do último parágrafo do texto"... to explore its capabilities ...", o termo ITS refere-se a

Leia a tirinha de Brian Crane para responder à questão.

(Brian Crane. Still Pickled After All These Years, 2004.)

In the context of the comic strip, the word “Actually”, in the last panel, can be replaced, without meaning change, by:

Leia a tirinha de Brian Crane para responder à questão.

(Brian Crane. Still Pickled After All These Years, 2004.)

According to the comic strip, the man was

Leia o texto e examine o gráfico para responder à questão.

 

    Most don’t work anymore, but Americans age 70 and older have seen their share of collective wealth surge during the pandemic. As a group, they have accumulated more than $14 trillion in additional net worth since the end 2019, based on Federal Reserve data. Their share of the country’s wealth has jumped to a record 30%, even though they account for 11% of the population.

    The aging population helps explain some of the gains: there are about 2.3 million more people over 70 in the country than in 2019. But one major driver was the surge in home values and stocks during the pandemic, which benefited older generations most likely to own a house — or two — and hold equities or mutual funds.

    Although people who are over 70 are typically retired, a rising portion of that age group is still working. The share of adults age 65 and more in the labor force reached a historic low of 10% in the mid-1980s but has since almost doubled, even after many retired early at the onset of the covid-19 health crisis.

    Older Americans also have been the beneficiaries of good timing with the stock market, despite recessions along the way. Since 2019, those age 70 and older have collectively gained about $5 trillion in equity gains. Close to 38% of the nation’s corporate equities and mutual fund shares were held by people in that age group, the highest share on record in data going back to 1989.

(Alex Tanzi. www.bnnbloomberg.ca, 2023. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the second paragraph “The aging population helps explain some of the gains: there are about 2.3 million more people over 70 in the country than in 2019”, the underlined words express

    lt is true that all children are special, simply because they are children. But most adults are not special, and children end up as adults pretty quickly. Life then can be difficult and even disappointing. The shock of this may account for the emergence of the “snowflake generation” of university students, who are so delicate they can’t handle controversial ideas being put forward in their lectures. The roots of this fragility run deep in modem culture. So, an approach of the world that states: “Life is wonderful, you’re special and, if you are a good boy/girl, life will be amazing forever” is not a message designed to aid bouncing back from failure or confronting catastrophe. Resilience is not about feeding ego – telling your children how wonderful they are – but strengthening it.

LOTT, T. Disponível em: www.theguardian.com. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2017 (adaptado).

 

Nesse texto, a expressão “snowflake generation” é usada para