Questões de Inglês

TEXTO:
 

Earth may once have had two moons

 

 

    A new theory suggests the Earth once had a small
second moon that disappeared after a collision with its
big sister. Researchers say in an article in the journal
Nature that the slow speed of the collision may explain
[5] the build up of highlands on the rarely seen part of the
Moon.
    This new theory builds on the idea that around four
billion years ago the Earth was struck by a Mars-like
planet, but instead of the smash producing enough
[10] debris for one moon, this scientific essay argues there
was enough for two.
    This small second moon became stuck in a
gravitational tug of war between the Earth and its much
larger sister. After millions of years in this position the
[15] new moon was drawn into a collision at a speed of less
than three kilometers per second.
    The scientists say this slow paced crash may have
caused a build up of material and the formation of
highlands on the Moon’s far side, the face of the Moon
[20] that can’t be seen from the Earth. For decades scientists
have been trying to understand why the visible near side
of the Moon is covered in craters while the far side has
mountain ranges higher than 3,000 meters. The
researchers hope that NASA observational missions
[25] might prove this new theory within a year.
McGRATH, Matt. Earth may once have had two moons. Disponível em:<www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/ wordsinthrnews/2011/08/110805_witn_moons_page.shtml>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2011.

The word (conjunction or preposition) from the text, on the left, expresses what’s stated on the right in

TEXTO:
 

Earth may once have had two moons

 

 

    A new theory suggests the Earth once had a small
second moon that disappeared after a collision with its
big sister. Researchers say in an article in the journal
Nature that the slow speed of the collision may explain
[5] the build up of highlands on the rarely seen part of the
Moon.
    This new theory builds on the idea that around four
billion years ago the Earth was struck by a Mars-like
planet, but instead of the smash producing enough
[10] debris for one moon, this scientific essay argues there
was enough for two.
    This small second moon became stuck in a
gravitational tug of war between the Earth and its much
larger sister. After millions of years in this position the
[15] new moon was drawn into a collision at a speed of less
than three kilometers per second.
    The scientists say this slow paced crash may have
caused a build up of material and the formation of
highlands on the Moon’s far side, the face of the Moon
[20] that can’t be seen from the Earth. For decades scientists
have been trying to understand why the visible near side
of the Moon is covered in craters while the far side has
mountain ranges higher than 3,000 meters. The
researchers hope that NASA observational missions
[25] might prove this new theory within a year.
McGRATH, Matt. Earth may once have had two moons. Disponível em:<www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/ wordsinthrnews/2011/08/110805_witn_moons_page.shtml>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2011.

“This new theory builds on the idea that around four billion
years ago the Earth was struck by a Mars-like planet, but
instead of the smash producing enough debris for one moon,
this scientific essay argues there was enough for two.” (l. 7-11)

The only question to which there is no answer in this fragment of the article is in alternative

Extra weight could be the equivalent of adding an extra billion people to the planet.

 

[1]   Researchers say that increasing levels of fatness around the world could have the same impact

on global resources as an extra billion people. The team estimated the total weight of people on the

planet and found that North America had the highest average. Although only 6% of the global population

live there it is responsible for more than a third of the obesity.

[5]   The research is published in the journal BMC Public Health. In their report, the researchers from

the “London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine” calculate the weight of the global population at

287 million tonnes. They estimate that 15 million tonnes of this mass is due to people being overweight,

and 3.5 million tonnes due to obesity.

  Using World Health Organization data from 2005, the scientists worked out that the average

[10] global body weight was 62kg (137lb). But there were huge regional differences. In North America, the

average was 80.7kg (178lb), while in Asia it was 57.7kg (127lb). While Asia accounts for 61% of the

global population, it only accounts for 13% of the weight of the world due to obesity.

  One of the authors of the paper, prof. Ian Roberts, explained the thinking behind the calculation.

"When people think about environmental sustainability, they immediately focus on population. Actually,

[15] when it comes down to it - it's not how many mouths there are to feed, it's how much flesh there is on

the planet."

  The researchers say that just focusing on obesity in individuals or in groups is divisive and unhelpful.

"One of the problems with definitions of obesity is that it fosters a 'them and us' ideal. Actually, we're all getting

fatter." Prof Roberts told BBC News. The scientists also compiled tables of the heaviest and lightest countries

[20] according to their estimates. The US, with its well documented problems with weight, is top of the list. If the rest of

the world were to emulate the Americans, Prof Roberts says, it would have dramatic implications for the planet. "If

every country in the world had the same level of fatness that we see in the USA, in weight terms that would be

like an extra billion people of world average body mass," he explained.

  While countries like Eritrea, Vietnam and Ethiopia are at the other end of the scale from the US,

[25] the researchers argue it is not sufficient to say that being skinny is just a factor of poverty. The

researchers point to a country like Japan which, according to Professor Roberts, could be a model for

others.

  "The Japanese example is quite strong. Average BMI (Body Mass Index) in USA in 2005 was

28.7. In Japan, it was 22. You can be lean without being really poor, and Japan seems to have pulled

that off."

Adapted. Source http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18462985 Accessed in June 2012.

 

Glossary:

• Weight: peso

• Researchers: pesquisadores

• Increasing: aumento

• Fatness: gordura

• Resources: recursos

• Average: média

• Worked out: definiram

• Enviromental: ambiental

• Feed: alimentar

• Flesh: carne

• Unhelpful: inútil

• Foster: promover, estimular

• Emulate: imitar

• Skinny: magro

• Lean: magro

• Pulled off: descobriram que é possível

The word “there” in line 4 refers to

Extra weight could be the equivalent of adding an extra billion people to the planet.

 

[1]   Researchers say that increasing levels of fatness around the world could have the same impact

on global resources as an extra billion people. The team estimated the total weight of people on the

planet and found that North America had the highest average. Although only 6% of the global population

live there it is responsible for more than a third of the obesity.

[5]   The research is published in the journal BMC Public Health. In their report, the researchers from

the “London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine” calculate the weight of the global population at

287 million tonnes. They estimate that 15 million tonnes of this mass is due to people being overweight,

and 3.5 million tonnes due to obesity.

  Using World Health Organization data from 2005, the scientists worked out that the average

[10] global body weight was 62kg (137lb). But there were huge regional differences. In North America, the

average was 80.7kg (178lb), while in Asia it was 57.7kg (127lb). While Asia accounts for 61% of the

global population, it only accounts for 13% of the weight of the world due to obesity.

  One of the authors of the paper, prof. Ian Roberts, explained the thinking behind the calculation.

"When people think about environmental sustainability, they immediately focus on population. Actually,

[15] when it comes down to it - it's not how many mouths there are to feed, it's how much flesh there is on

the planet."

  The researchers say that just focusing on obesity in individuals or in groups is divisive and unhelpful.

"One of the problems with definitions of obesity is that it fosters a 'them and us' ideal. Actually, we're all getting

fatter." Prof Roberts told BBC News. The scientists also compiled tables of the heaviest and lightest countries

[20] according to their estimates. The US, with its well documented problems with weight, is top of the list. If the rest of

the world were to emulate the Americans, Prof Roberts says, it would have dramatic implications for the planet. "If

every country in the world had the same level of fatness that we see in the USA, in weight terms that would be

like an extra billion people of world average body mass," he explained.

  While countries like Eritrea, Vietnam and Ethiopia are at the other end of the scale from the US,

[25] the researchers argue it is not sufficient to say that being skinny is just a factor of poverty. The

researchers point to a country like Japan which, according to Professor Roberts, could be a model for

others.

  "The Japanese example is quite strong. Average BMI (Body Mass Index) in USA in 2005 was

28.7. In Japan, it was 22. You can be lean without being really poor, and Japan seems to have pulled

that off."

Adapted. Source http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18462985 Accessed in June 2012.

 

Glossary:

• Weight: peso

• Researchers: pesquisadores

• Increasing: aumento

• Fatness: gordura

• Resources: recursos

• Average: média

• Worked out: definiram

• Enviromental: ambiental

• Feed: alimentar

• Flesh: carne

• Unhelpful: inútil

• Foster: promover, estimular

• Emulate: imitar

• Skinny: magro

• Lean: magro

• Pulled off: descobriram que é possível

All the following words are related to “weight” in the text, EXCEPT:

Extra weight could be the equivalent of adding an extra billion people to the planet.

 

[1]   Researchers say that increasing levels of fatness around the world could have the same impact

on global resources as an extra billion people. The team estimated the total weight of people on the

planet and found that North America had the highest average. Although only 6% of the global population

live there it is responsible for more than a third of the obesity.

[5]   The research is published in the journal BMC Public Health. In their report, the researchers from

the “London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine” calculate the weight of the global population at

287 million tonnes. They estimate that 15 million tonnes of this mass is due to people being overweight,

and 3.5 million tonnes due to obesity.

  Using World Health Organization data from 2005, the scientists worked out that the average

[10] global body weight was 62kg (137lb). But there were huge regional differences. In North America, the

average was 80.7kg (178lb), while in Asia it was 57.7kg (127lb). While Asia accounts for 61% of the

global population, it only accounts for 13% of the weight of the world due to obesity.

  One of the authors of the paper, prof. Ian Roberts, explained the thinking behind the calculation.

"When people think about environmental sustainability, they immediately focus on population. Actually,

[15] when it comes down to it - it's not how many mouths there are to feed, it's how much flesh there is on

the planet."

  The researchers say that just focusing on obesity in individuals or in groups is divisive and unhelpful.

"One of the problems with definitions of obesity is that it fosters a 'them and us' ideal. Actually, we're all getting

fatter." Prof Roberts told BBC News. The scientists also compiled tables of the heaviest and lightest countries

[20] according to their estimates. The US, with its well documented problems with weight, is top of the list. If the rest of

the world were to emulate the Americans, Prof Roberts says, it would have dramatic implications for the planet. "If

every country in the world had the same level of fatness that we see in the USA, in weight terms that would be

like an extra billion people of world average body mass," he explained.

  While countries like Eritrea, Vietnam and Ethiopia are at the other end of the scale from the US,

[25] the researchers argue it is not sufficient to say that being skinny is just a factor of poverty. The

researchers point to a country like Japan which, according to Professor Roberts, could be a model for

others.

  "The Japanese example is quite strong. Average BMI (Body Mass Index) in USA in 2005 was

28.7. In Japan, it was 22. You can be lean without being really poor, and Japan seems to have pulled

that off."

Adapted. Source http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18462985 Accessed in June 2012.

 

Glossary:

• Weight: peso

• Researchers: pesquisadores

• Increasing: aumento

• Fatness: gordura

• Resources: recursos

• Average: média

• Worked out: definiram

• Enviromental: ambiental

• Feed: alimentar

• Flesh: carne

• Unhelpful: inútil

• Foster: promover, estimular

• Emulate: imitar

• Skinny: magro

• Lean: magro

• Pulled off: descobriram que é possível

According to the text, the best example against obesity comes from

Extra weight could be the equivalent of adding an extra billion people to the planet.

 

[1]   Researchers say that increasing levels of fatness around the world could have the same impact

on global resources as an extra billion people. The team estimated the total weight of people on the

planet and found that North America had the highest average. Although only 6% of the global population

live there it is responsible for more than a third of the obesity.

[5]   The research is published in the journal BMC Public Health. In their report, the researchers from

the “London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine” calculate the weight of the global population at

287 million tonnes. They estimate that 15 million tonnes of this mass is due to people being overweight,

and 3.5 million tonnes due to obesity.

  Using World Health Organization data from 2005, the scientists worked out that the average

[10] global body weight was 62kg (137lb). But there were huge regional differences. In North America, the

average was 80.7kg (178lb), while in Asia it was 57.7kg (127lb). While Asia accounts for 61% of the

global population, it only accounts for 13% of the weight of the world due to obesity.

  One of the authors of the paper, prof. Ian Roberts, explained the thinking behind the calculation.

"When people think about environmental sustainability, they immediately focus on population. Actually,

[15] when it comes down to it - it's not how many mouths there are to feed, it's how much flesh there is on

the planet."

  The researchers say that just focusing on obesity in individuals or in groups is divisive and unhelpful.

"One of the problems with definitions of obesity is that it fosters a 'them and us' ideal. Actually, we're all getting

fatter." Prof Roberts told BBC News. The scientists also compiled tables of the heaviest and lightest countries

[20] according to their estimates. The US, with its well documented problems with weight, is top of the list. If the rest of

the world were to emulate the Americans, Prof Roberts says, it would have dramatic implications for the planet. "If

every country in the world had the same level of fatness that we see in the USA, in weight terms that would be

like an extra billion people of world average body mass," he explained.

  While countries like Eritrea, Vietnam and Ethiopia are at the other end of the scale from the US,

[25] the researchers argue it is not sufficient to say that being skinny is just a factor of poverty. The

researchers point to a country like Japan which, according to Professor Roberts, could be a model for

others.

  "The Japanese example is quite strong. Average BMI (Body Mass Index) in USA in 2005 was

28.7. In Japan, it was 22. You can be lean without being really poor, and Japan seems to have pulled

that off."

Adapted. Source http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18462985 Accessed in June 2012.

 

Glossary:

• Weight: peso

• Researchers: pesquisadores

• Increasing: aumento

• Fatness: gordura

• Resources: recursos

• Average: média

• Worked out: definiram

• Enviromental: ambiental

• Feed: alimentar

• Flesh: carne

• Unhelpful: inútil

• Foster: promover, estimular

• Emulate: imitar

• Skinny: magro

• Lean: magro

• Pulled off: descobriram que é possível

The text is mainly about