Questões de Inglês

A recent study challenged an enduring belief that women were less successful than men in quitting smoking.

The study, published in the journal Tobacco Control, found convincing evidence that across all of the age

groups, “there [is] relatively little difference in cessation between the sexes.” The researchers used data from

major national surveys in the United States, Canada, and England to approximate the rates of smoking cessation

by age in men and women. They did find a pattern of sex differences in smoking cessation which was consistent

across all surveyed countries. According to the study, “below age 50, women were more likely to have given up

smoking completely compared to men, while among older age groups, men were more likely to have quit than

women.” Different age groups had sex differences in smoking cessation but the authors are not sure what

accounted for the finding.

This most recent study is the largest epidemiological study to date, and the authors have found no solid

evidence to support the longstanding claims that smoking cessation is more difficult for women. According to

the study, “The myth of female disadvantage at quitting smoking is bad, first and foremost, for women,”

because they may get discouraged quickly and end their efforts prematurely. But the authors also expressed that

it is detrimental for men who may think they are at an advantage and then not put forth the proper effort to end

their smoking habit. The study claims, “it is time to put aside the idea that women are less successful than men

at giving up smoking.”

Despite the findings of this new study, the difficulty of smoking cessation based on sex should not be

discounted. According to several studies, women experience more severe withdrawal symptoms than men when

quitting smoking, which can make the act of quitting much harder and more uncomfortable for women. In

addition, women are less likely than men to benefit from nicotine replacement therapies, which also contribute

to the difficulty some of them experience when trying to quit.

Kicking the smoking habit is the most important step a smoker can take to improve the length and quality of

his or her life. There are an abundance of options available to help both men and women quit their nicotine

addictions. It is also important to note that women who quit smoking relapse for different reasons than men.

Weight control, stress, and negative emotions are all reasons cited by women who have relapsed and these

issues need to be taken into account for any successful cessation program.

While it is important to note that the majority of tobacco smokers quit on their own without using evidencebased

cessation treatments, some effective methods to do so recommended by CDC for women are: proper

weight management, emotional and psychological support should also be applied to cessation efforts and can

facilitate a smoke-free lifestyle long-term. Whether male or female, smoking cessation is a challenge, but one

that can be overcome and lead to tremendous improvement in one’s quality of life and overall health.

 

(Extraído de: <http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=13593>)

Mark the alternative which contains a modal verb which expresses permission:

A recent study challenged an enduring belief that women were less successful than men in quitting smoking.

The study, published in the journal Tobacco Control, found convincing evidence that across all of the age

groups, “there [is] relatively little difference in cessation between the sexes.” The researchers used data from

major national surveys in the United States, Canada, and England to approximate the rates of smoking cessation

by age in men and women. They did find a pattern of sex differences in smoking cessation which was consistent

across all surveyed countries. According to the study, “below age 50, women were more likely to have given up

smoking completely compared to men, while among older age groups, men were more likely to have quit than

women.” Different age groups had sex differences in smoking cessation but the authors are not sure what

accounted for the finding.

This most recent study is the largest epidemiological study to date, and the authors have found no solid

evidence to support the longstanding claims that smoking cessation is more difficult for women. According to

the study, “The myth of female disadvantage at quitting smoking is bad, first and foremost, for women,”

because they may get discouraged quickly and end their efforts prematurely. But the authors also expressed that

it is detrimental for men who may think they are at an advantage and then not put forth the proper effort to end

their smoking habit. The study claims, “it is time to put aside the idea that women are less successful than men

at giving up smoking.”

Despite the findings of this new study, the difficulty of smoking cessation based on sex should not be

discounted. According to several studies, women experience more severe withdrawal symptoms than men when

quitting smoking, which can make the act of quitting much harder and more uncomfortable for women. In

addition, women are less likely than men to benefit from nicotine replacement therapies, which also contribute

to the difficulty some of them experience when trying to quit.

Kicking the smoking habit is the most important step a smoker can take to improve the length and quality of

his or her life. There are an abundance of options available to help both men and women quit their nicotine

addictions. It is also important to note that women who quit smoking relapse for different reasons than men.

Weight control, stress, and negative emotions are all reasons cited by women who have relapsed and these

issues need to be taken into account for any successful cessation program.

While it is important to note that the majority of tobacco smokers quit on their own without using evidencebased

cessation treatments, some effective methods to do so recommended by CDC for women are: proper

weight management, emotional and psychological support should also be applied to cessation efforts and can

facilitate a smoke-free lifestyle long-term. Whether male or female, smoking cessation is a challenge, but one

that can be overcome and lead to tremendous improvement in one’s quality of life and overall health.

 

(Extraído de: <http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=13593>)

A linking word that can best substitute the word despite, in “[d]espite the findings of this new study, the difficulty of smoking cessation based on sex should not be discounted”, is:

A recent study challenged an enduring belief that women were less successful than men in quitting smoking.

The study, published in the journal Tobacco Control, found convincing evidence that across all of the age

groups, “there [is] relatively little difference in cessation between the sexes.” The researchers used data from

major national surveys in the United States, Canada, and England to approximate the rates of smoking cessation

by age in men and women. They did find a pattern of sex differences in smoking cessation which was consistent

across all surveyed countries. According to the study, “below age 50, women were more likely to have given up

smoking completely compared to men, while among older age groups, men were more likely to have quit than

women.” Different age groups had sex differences in smoking cessation but the authors are not sure what

accounted for the finding.

This most recent study is the largest epidemiological study to date, and the authors have found no solid

evidence to support the longstanding claims that smoking cessation is more difficult for women. According to

the study, “The myth of female disadvantage at quitting smoking is bad, first and foremost, for women,”

because they may get discouraged quickly and end their efforts prematurely. But the authors also expressed that

it is detrimental for men who may think they are at an advantage and then not put forth the proper effort to end

their smoking habit. The study claims, “it is time to put aside the idea that women are less successful than men

at giving up smoking.”

Despite the findings of this new study, the difficulty of smoking cessation based on sex should not be

discounted. According to several studies, women experience more severe withdrawal symptoms than men when

quitting smoking, which can make the act of quitting much harder and more uncomfortable for women. In

addition, women are less likely than men to benefit from nicotine replacement therapies, which also contribute

to the difficulty some of them experience when trying to quit.

Kicking the smoking habit is the most important step a smoker can take to improve the length and quality of

his or her life. There are an abundance of options available to help both men and women quit their nicotine

addictions. It is also important to note that women who quit smoking relapse for different reasons than men.

Weight control, stress, and negative emotions are all reasons cited by women who have relapsed and these

issues need to be taken into account for any successful cessation program.

While it is important to note that the majority of tobacco smokers quit on their own without using evidencebased

cessation treatments, some effective methods to do so recommended by CDC for women are: proper

weight management, emotional and psychological support should also be applied to cessation efforts and can

facilitate a smoke-free lifestyle long-term. Whether male or female, smoking cessation is a challenge, but one

that can be overcome and lead to tremendous improvement in one’s quality of life and overall health.

 

(Extraído de: <http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=13593>)

According to the text:

Empirically Based Leadership

A significant area of interest within the US Army empirical literature on leadership is emotional intelligence (EI), which in recent years has been the focus of considerable attention in relationship to leadership efficacy. Emotional intelligence involves an awareness of one’s own emotions as well as the ability to control them, social awareness of others and their emotions, and the capacity to understand and manage relationship and social networks.

In understanding others’ emotions, an important contributing factor to the success of the more effective military officers is their ability to empathize with their subordinates. In discussing empathy, FM (Field Manual) 6-22 defines it as “the ability to see something from another person’s point of view, to identify with and enter into another person’s feelings and emotions”. Empathy is not typically a quality that most soldiers would readily identify as an essential characteristic to effective leadership or necessary to producing positive organizational outcomes, but it is an important quality for competent leadership, especially as it relates to EI.

Adaptado de McDONALD, Sean P. Military Review, Jan-Feb, 2013.

In the sentence “...an awareness of one’s own emotions as well as the ability to control them...”, the expression as well as has the same meaning as

Empirically Based Leadership

 

A significant area of interest within the US Army empirical literature on leadership is emotional intelligence (EI), which in recent years has been the focus of considerable attention in relationship to leadership efficacy. Emotional intelligence involves an awareness of one’s own emotions as well as the ability to control them, social awareness of others and their emotions, and the capacity to understand and manage relationship and social networks.

In understanding others’ emotions, an important contributing factor to the success of the more effective military officers is their ability to empathize with their subordinates. In discussing empathy, FM (Field Manual) 6-22 defines it as “the ability to see something from another person’s point of view, to identify with and enter into another person’s feelings and emotions”. Empathy is not typically a quality that most soldiers would readily identify as an essential characteristic to effective leadership or necessary to producing positive organizational outcomes, but it is an important quality for competent leadership, especially as it relates to EI.

Adaptado de McDONALD, Sean P. Military Review, Jan-Feb, 2013.

 

According to the text, we can state that

Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests

 

Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving banners and placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers with strollers, and pensioners carrying shopping bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious neighbors. Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor, but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal process.

Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were good and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s economy down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits, but then those stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards face as the country deals with the highest unemployment rate since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession entering its second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets with my son, but I have no idea where else to go”, she says.

Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this fear that took many Spanish citizens to action. Many of those people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of People Affected by Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to prevent banks and authorities from eviction because of the country’s economic crisis. They accuse the banks and authorities of “real estate terrorism”.

There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement - also known as the “Indignados”. Activist Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues. “The 15-M movement made people talk about social issues, and about politics in normal conversations - in cafés, restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football or fashion.”

Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police, insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be able to stay - for a while, at least. For those working to stop Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and temporary victory. For those demonstrating about cuts, corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.

Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/ world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html

 

In the sentence “...insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties...”, the words they and their respectively refer to