Questões de Inglês
19.971 Questões
Questão 91 959828
PUC-RS Inverno 2013INSTRUCTION: Answer question in relation to text.
TEXT
The Power of Train Travel
Posted by Annie Fitzsimmons in Urban Insider on April 25, 2013
I blame luggage for all my troubles on trains
– whether I’m whizzing down to Washington, D.C.
or wending my way through Wallonia. I try to avoid
clunking other passengers with my elbow as I navigate
[5] tight aisles and haul my wheeled carry on over my
head, but it’s not easy.
Despite these challenges, traveling by train is by
far my favorite mode of transport – especially when I’m
in Europe. Trains are more civilized there, and more
[10] convenient. The extensive network of interconnected
tracks makes it a breeze to zip around the continent.
On a recent trip to Europe, I boarded a Thalys train
in Amsterdam to discover a vibe that was refined and
polished, and fellow passengers who were courteous
[15] and quiet. As I opened my laptop to take advantage
of the free WiFi, a full breakfast was served to me in
my Comfort 1 seat. When I arrived relaxed and calm
in Brussels two hours later, I didn’t want the journey
to end.
[20] Though there are plenty of low-cost flights
available in Europe (which can be good choices for
longer distances), why deal with airport security and
extra luggage fees if you don’t have to? And you can
learn so much about a place on a train by watching the
[25] landscape change – from the snow-capped mountains
in Switzerland to the hills and rivers of Austria.
(Adapted from the National Geographic site.)
The main experience referred to in the article is about traveling
Questão 20 790541
USS (Univassouras) 2013/1The importance of a free press
The press is sometimes called the fourth estate. That’s probably too grandiose a concept for most
journalists’ tastes – but it does suggest an important, coherent and independent force in society.
That “apartness” is crucial. The press does not share the same aims as government, the legislature,
the executive, religion or commerce. It is, or should be, an outsider.
[5] Stanley Baldwin did not intend it as a compliment when he said, in 1931, that newspapers had
“power without responsibility”. But, in fact, that lack of responsibility is one of the important respects
in which the press is different. Of course, the press must be responsible for its own standards and
ethics. But it’s not the job of journalists to run things: they are literally without responsibility.
They don’t have to respond to a party whip, to make the compromises necessary in politics. They
[10] are not bound by the confidentiality agreements that bind others. They are careless of causing
inconvenience or embarrassment. They don’t have to win votes. They can write things – about the
economy, say, or the environment – which may need saying, but which are unsayable by politicians.
Until recently it would have been self-evident what the press was. The 1947-9 Royal Commission on
the press described it as “the chief agency for instructing the public on the main issues of the day
[15] … the main source from which information, discussion and advocacy reach the public”.
Increasingly, however, the press nowadays encompasses countless blogs, platforms and websites.
This digital fragmentation of a newspaper has, of course, severe economic implications. But it also
brings into question the distinct role of the press. Many of these new digital forms of information
sharing are based on a different idea of what media is, or who should take part in it. This revolution
[20] in technology allows virtually anyone to create and share their news and thoughts. So 21st century
media, in many respects, marks a sharp break with what went before – a world in which a relatively
restricted group of people benefited from having a platform to address a mass audience.
Also, there is a less glamorous side to our trade which, though vital, is not easily replicated by social
media or bloggers. It is the simple craft of reporting: recording things; asking questions; being an
[25] observer; giving context. It’s sitting in a magistrates’ court reporting on the daily tide of crime cases
– the community’s witness to the process of justice. It’s being on the front line in Libya, trying to
sift conflicting propaganda from the reality. It’s reporting the rival arguments over climate change
– and helping the public to evaluate where the truth lies.
ALAN RUSBRIDGER guardian.co.uk, 06/10/2011.
Being a journalist involves carrying out different tasks.
The ordinary activites a journalist engages in are described in the following paragraph:
Questão 19 790540
USS (Univassouras) 2013/1The importance of a free press
The press is sometimes called the fourth estate. That’s probably too grandiose a concept for most
journalists’ tastes – but it does suggest an important, coherent and independent force in society.
That “apartness” is crucial. The press does not share the same aims as government, the legislature,
the executive, religion or commerce. It is, or should be, an outsider.
[5] Stanley Baldwin did not intend it as a compliment when he said, in 1931, that newspapers had
“power without responsibility”. But, in fact, that lack of responsibility is one of the important respects
in which the press is different. Of course, the press must be responsible for its own standards and
ethics. But it’s not the job of journalists to run things: they are literally without responsibility.
They don’t have to respond to a party whip, to make the compromises necessary in politics. They
[10] are not bound by the confidentiality agreements that bind others. They are careless of causing
inconvenience or embarrassment. They don’t have to win votes. They can write things – about the
economy, say, or the environment – which may need saying, but which are unsayable by politicians.
Until recently it would have been self-evident what the press was. The 1947-9 Royal Commission on
the press described it as “the chief agency for instructing the public on the main issues of the day
[15] … the main source from which information, discussion and advocacy reach the public”.
Increasingly, however, the press nowadays encompasses countless blogs, platforms and websites.
This digital fragmentation of a newspaper has, of course, severe economic implications. But it also
brings into question the distinct role of the press. Many of these new digital forms of information
sharing are based on a different idea of what media is, or who should take part in it. This revolution
[20] in technology allows virtually anyone to create and share their news and thoughts. So 21st century
media, in many respects, marks a sharp break with what went before – a world in which a relatively
restricted group of people benefited from having a platform to address a mass audience.
Also, there is a less glamorous side to our trade which, though vital, is not easily replicated by social
media or bloggers. It is the simple craft of reporting: recording things; asking questions; being an
[25] observer; giving context. It’s sitting in a magistrates’ court reporting on the daily tide of crime cases
– the community’s witness to the process of justice. It’s being on the front line in Libya, trying to
sift conflicting propaganda from the reality. It’s reporting the rival arguments over climate change
– and helping the public to evaluate where the truth lies.
ALAN RUSBRIDGER guardian.co.uk, 06/10/2011.
The author suggests that journalists should master the skill of reporting.
To justify his opinion, he characterizes the skill as:
Questão 18 790538
USS (Univassouras) 2013/1The importance of a free press
The press is sometimes called the fourth estate. That’s probably too grandiose a concept for most
journalists’ tastes – but it does suggest an important, coherent and independent force in society.
That “apartness” is crucial. The press does not share the same aims as government, the legislature,
the executive, religion or commerce. It is, or should be, an outsider.
[5] Stanley Baldwin did not intend it as a compliment when he said, in 1931, that newspapers had
“power without responsibility”. But, in fact, that lack of responsibility is one of the important respects
in which the press is different. Of course, the press must be responsible for its own standards and
ethics. But it’s not the job of journalists to run things: they are literally without responsibility.
They don’t have to respond to a party whip, to make the compromises necessary in politics. They
[10] are not bound by the confidentiality agreements that bind others. They are careless of causing
inconvenience or embarrassment. They don’t have to win votes. They can write things – about the
economy, say, or the environment – which may need saying, but which are unsayable by politicians.
Until recently it would have been self-evident what the press was. The 1947-9 Royal Commission on
the press described it as “the chief agency for instructing the public on the main issues of the day
[15] … the main source from which information, discussion and advocacy reach the public”.
Increasingly, however, the press nowadays encompasses countless blogs, platforms and websites.
This digital fragmentation of a newspaper has, of course, severe economic implications. But it also
brings into question the distinct role of the press. Many of these new digital forms of information
sharing are based on a different idea of what media is, or who should take part in it. This revolution
[20] in technology allows virtually anyone to create and share their news and thoughts. So 21st century
media, in many respects, marks a sharp break with what went before – a world in which a relatively
restricted group of people benefited from having a platform to address a mass audience.
Also, there is a less glamorous side to our trade which, though vital, is not easily replicated by social
media or bloggers. It is the simple craft of reporting: recording things; asking questions; being an
[25] observer; giving context. It’s sitting in a magistrates’ court reporting on the daily tide of crime cases
– the community’s witness to the process of justice. It’s being on the front line in Libya, trying to
sift conflicting propaganda from the reality. It’s reporting the rival arguments over climate change
– and helping the public to evaluate where the truth lies.
ALAN RUSBRIDGER guardian.co.uk, 06/10/2011.
The author establishes a difference between the press of the 21st century and that of the previous century.
The first factor that gave rise to this difference was:
Questão 17 790535
USS (Univassouras) 2013/1The importance of a free press
The press is sometimes called the fourth estate. That’s probably too grandiose a concept for most
journalists’ tastes – but it does suggest an important, coherent and independent force in society.
That “apartness” is crucial. The press does not share the same aims as government, the legislature,
the executive, religion or commerce. It is, or should be, an outsider.
[5] Stanley Baldwin did not intend it as a compliment when he said, in 1931, that newspapers had
“power without responsibility”. But, in fact, that lack of responsibility is one of the important respects
in which the press is different. Of course, the press must be responsible for its own standards and
ethics. But it’s not the job of journalists to run things: they are literally without responsibility.
They don’t have to respond to a party whip, to make the compromises necessary in politics. They
[10] are not bound by the confidentiality agreements that bind others. They are careless of causing
inconvenience or embarrassment. They don’t have to win votes. They can write things – about the
economy, say, or the environment – which may need saying, but which are unsayable by politicians.
Until recently it would have been self-evident what the press was. The 1947-9 Royal Commission on
the press described it as “the chief agency for instructing the public on the main issues of the day
[15] … the main source from which information, discussion and advocacy reach the public”.
Increasingly, however, the press nowadays encompasses countless blogs, platforms and websites.
This digital fragmentation of a newspaper has, of course, severe economic implications. But it also
brings into question the distinct role of the press. Many of these new digital forms of information
sharing are based on a different idea of what media is, or who should take part in it. This revolution
[20] in technology allows virtually anyone to create and share their news and thoughts. So 21st century
media, in many respects, marks a sharp break with what went before – a world in which a relatively
restricted group of people benefited from having a platform to address a mass audience.
Also, there is a less glamorous side to our trade which, though vital, is not easily replicated by social
media or bloggers. It is the simple craft of reporting: recording things; asking questions; being an
[25] observer; giving context. It’s sitting in a magistrates’ court reporting on the daily tide of crime cases
– the community’s witness to the process of justice. It’s being on the front line in Libya, trying to
sift conflicting propaganda from the reality. It’s reporting the rival arguments over climate change
– and helping the public to evaluate where the truth lies.
ALAN RUSBRIDGER guardian.co.uk, 06/10/2011.
They can write things - about the economy, say, or the environment (l. 11-12)
In the fragment above, the underlined word serves the following purpose:
Questão 16 790533
USS (Univassouras) 2013/1The importance of a free press
The press is sometimes called the fourth estate. That’s probably too grandiose a concept for most
journalists’ tastes – but it does suggest an important, coherent and independent force in society.
That “apartness” is crucial. The press does not share the same aims as government, the legislature,
the executive, religion or commerce. It is, or should be, an outsider.
[5] Stanley Baldwin did not intend it as a compliment when he said, in 1931, that newspapers had
“power without responsibility”. But, in fact, that lack of responsibility is one of the important respects
in which the press is different. Of course, the press must be responsible for its own standards and
ethics. But it’s not the job of journalists to run things: they are literally without responsibility.
They don’t have to respond to a party whip, to make the compromises necessary in politics. They
[10] are not bound by the confidentiality agreements that bind others. They are careless of causing
inconvenience or embarrassment. They don’t have to win votes. They can write things – about the
economy, say, or the environment – which may need saying, but which are unsayable by politicians.
Until recently it would have been self-evident what the press was. The 1947-9 Royal Commission on
the press described it as “the chief agency for instructing the public on the main issues of the day
[15] … the main source from which information, discussion and advocacy reach the public”.
Increasingly, however, the press nowadays encompasses countless blogs, platforms and websites.
This digital fragmentation of a newspaper has, of course, severe economic implications. But it also
brings into question the distinct role of the press. Many of these new digital forms of information
sharing are based on a different idea of what media is, or who should take part in it. This revolution
[20] in technology allows virtually anyone to create and share their news and thoughts. So 21st century
media, in many respects, marks a sharp break with what went before – a world in which a relatively
restricted group of people benefited from having a platform to address a mass audience.
Also, there is a less glamorous side to our trade which, though vital, is not easily replicated by social
media or bloggers. It is the simple craft of reporting: recording things; asking questions; being an
[25] observer; giving context. It’s sitting in a magistrates’ court reporting on the daily tide of crime cases
– the community’s witness to the process of justice. It’s being on the front line in Libya, trying to
sift conflicting propaganda from the reality. It’s reporting the rival arguments over climate change
– and helping the public to evaluate where the truth lies.
ALAN RUSBRIDGER guardian.co.uk, 06/10/2011.
The author of the text holds a positive view in relation to the lack of responsibility of the press.
He defends this idea by stating that journalists do not have to:
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