Questões de Inglês

Eat Chocolate!

If you're a fan of the sweet stuff, you probably jumped for joy at the good news this week. Research published Monday suggested that regular chocolate eaters may more frequently have lower BMIs (Body Mass Index).

But before you start eating your favorite chocolate, remember this: while chocolate can do the body good, the study certainly doesn't go as far as proving a causal link between eating more chocolate and losing weight. Keep in mind that all chocolate was not created equal: dark chocolate is healthier overall, but even the bittersweet varieties can be high in calories, fat and sugar.

However, treating yourself to a small amount of chocolate regularly is definitely a health message we can follow. Take a look at those surprising health benefits below.

Regular chocolate eaters welcome multiple benefits for their hearts, including lower blood pressure, lower "bad" LDL cholesterol and a lower risk of heart disease. One of the reasons dark chocolate is especially heart-healthy is its inflammation-fighting properties, which reduce cardiovascular risk.

Chocolate also protects your skin. Forget what you've heard _____ chocolate causing skin problems: dark chocolate is _____ good for your skin. The type of antioxidants called flavonoids found in dark chocolate _____ some protection from UV _____ from the sun. But no, that does not _____ you can neglect the sunscreen!

Adapted from:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/26/chocolate-eatinglower-

bmi-body-mass-index_n_1379368.html - October 8,

2013.

Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

[1] CARS that need no driver are just around the

corner according to researchers who have been

testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras

on public roads in America. However, researchers

[5] do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do

to bring the technology to market. And carmakers

are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily

the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an

increasing number of automated driving aids. A

[10] Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one

such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with

parking, but these are not completely autonomous.

They can identify an empty parallel-parking space

[15] and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The

Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and

use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle

to park. The car then trundles off, manoeuvres into

a parking place and sends a message to the driver

[20] to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the

car in person or use his phone to call it back to where

he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be

provided at places like shopping centres and airports,

which are controlled areas in which automated

[25] vehicles can be managed more easily than on open

highways.

In the past, designs for doing this have relied

on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires

that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That,

[30] though, creates a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park

operators will not invest in such infrastructure until

there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars

on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy

self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

[35] This means, as a safety engineer working on

the project observes, that for autonomous parking

to work most of the technology will have to be in the

car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car,

therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with

[40] image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find

its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians

and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer

says the system is five to ten years from commercial

deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure

[45] might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into

tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no

need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate

with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is

[50] coming. A number of carmakers are developing

wireless networking systems through which vehicles

can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering

angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision

systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely

[55] In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently

tested a brake light that can provide an early warning

to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an

emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a

warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped

[60] following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around

a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing

the braking.

The American company has been testing this

system as part of a collaborative research project

[65] with several European carmakers. They have put a

fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When

they tested a group of these, the Americans found

the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping

avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to

[70] react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been

testing driverless cars on roads around Munich—

including belting down some of Germany’s highspeed

autobahns. The ordinary-looking models use

[75] a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These

include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen,

which can identify road markings, signs and various

obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge

[80] how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential

obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but

at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams

to scan the road ahead and builds up from the

reflections a three-dimensional image of what this

[85] looks like. The image is processed by a computer in

the vehicle, which also collects and compares data

from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic

sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide

parking assistance are placed around the car to add

[90] to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of

accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system

that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

Although these cars can be switched to an

autonomous driving mode, they are still required to

[95] have someone in the driving seat who can take over

in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer

themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even

changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29th 2013

Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

[1] CARS that need no driver are just around the

corner according to researchers who have been

testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras

on public roads in America. However, researchers

[5] do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do

to bring the technology to market. And carmakers

are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily

the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an

increasing number of automated driving aids. A

[10] Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one

such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with

parking, but these are not completely autonomous.

They can identify an empty parallel-parking space

[15] and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The

Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and

use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle

to park. The car then trundles off, manoeuvres into

a parking place and sends a message to the driver

[20] to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the

car in person or use his phone to call it back to where

he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be

provided at places like shopping centres and airports,

which are controlled areas in which automated

[25] vehicles can be managed more easily than on open

highways.

In the past, designs for doing this have relied

on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires

that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That,

[30] though, creates a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park

operators will not invest in such infrastructure until

there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars

on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy

self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

[35] This means, as a safety engineer working on

the project observes, that for autonomous parking

to work most of the technology will have to be in the

car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car,

therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with

[40] image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find

its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians

and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer

says the system is five to ten years from commercial

deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure

[45] might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into

tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no

need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate

with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is

[50] coming. A number of carmakers are developing

wireless networking systems through which vehicles

can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering

angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision

systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely

[55] In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently

tested a brake light that can provide an early warning

to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an

emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a

warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped

[60] following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around

a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing

the braking.

The American company has been testing this

system as part of a collaborative research project

[65] with several European carmakers. They have put a

fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When

they tested a group of these, the Americans found

the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping

avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to

[70] react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been

testing driverless cars on roads around Munich—

including belting down some of Germany’s highspeed

autobahns. The ordinary-looking models use

[75] a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These

include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen,

which can identify road markings, signs and various

obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge

[80] how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential

obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but

at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams

to scan the road ahead and builds up from the

reflections a three-dimensional image of what this

[85] looks like. The image is processed by a computer in

the vehicle, which also collects and compares data

from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic

sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide

parking assistance are placed around the car to add

[90] to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of

accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system

that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

Although these cars can be switched to an

autonomous driving mode, they are still required to

[95] have someone in the driving seat who can take over

in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer

themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even

changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29th 2013

Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

[1] CARS that need no driver are just around the

corner according to researchers who have been

testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras

on public roads in America. However, researchers

[5] do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do

to bring the technology to market. And carmakers

are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily

the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an

increasing number of automated driving aids. A

[10] Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one

such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with

parking, but these are not completely autonomous.

They can identify an empty parallel-parking space

[15] and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The

Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and

use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle

to park. The car then trundles off, manoeuvres into

a parking place and sends a message to the driver

[20] to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the

car in person or use his phone to call it back to where

he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be

provided at places like shopping centres and airports,

which are controlled areas in which automated

[25] vehicles can be managed more easily than on open

highways.

In the past, designs for doing this have relied

on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires

that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That,

[30] though, creates a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park

operators will not invest in such infrastructure until

there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars

on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy

self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

[35] This means, as a safety engineer working on

the project observes, that for autonomous parking

to work most of the technology will have to be in the

car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car,

therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with

[40] image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find

its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians

and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer

says the system is five to ten years from commercial

deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure

[45] might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into

tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no

need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate

with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is

[50] coming. A number of carmakers are developing

wireless networking systems through which vehicles

can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering

angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision

systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely

[55] In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently

tested a brake light that can provide an early warning

to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an

emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a

warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped

[60] following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around

a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing

the braking.

The American company has been testing this

system as part of a collaborative research project

[65] with several European carmakers. They have put a

fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When

they tested a group of these, the Americans found

the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping

avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to

[70] react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been

testing driverless cars on roads around Munich—

including belting down some of Germany’s highspeed

autobahns. The ordinary-looking models use

[75] a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These

include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen,

which can identify road markings, signs and various

obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge

[80] how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential

obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but

at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams

to scan the road ahead and builds up from the

reflections a three-dimensional image of what this

[85] looks like. The image is processed by a computer in

the vehicle, which also collects and compares data

from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic

sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide

parking assistance are placed around the car to add

[90] to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of

accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system

that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

Although these cars can be switched to an

autonomous driving mode, they are still required to

[95] have someone in the driving seat who can take over

in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer

themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even

changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29th 2013

Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

[1] CARS that need no driver are just around the

corner according to researchers who have been

testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras

on public roads in America. However, researchers

[5] do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do

to bring the technology to market. And carmakers

are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily

the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an

increasing number of automated driving aids. A

[10] Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one

such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with

parking, but these are not completely autonomous.

They can identify an empty parallel-parking space

[15] and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The

Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and

use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle

to park. The car then trundles off, manoeuvres into

a parking place and sends a message to the driver

[20] to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the

car in person or use his phone to call it back to where

he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be

provided at places like shopping centres and airports,

which are controlled areas in which automated

[25] vehicles can be managed more easily than on open

highways.

In the past, designs for doing this have relied

on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires

that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That,

[30] though, creates a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park

operators will not invest in such infrastructure until

there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars

on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy

self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

[35] This means, as a safety engineer working on

the project observes, that for autonomous parking

to work most of the technology will have to be in the

car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car,

therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with

[40] image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find

its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians

and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer

says the system is five to ten years from commercial

deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure

[45] might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into

tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no

need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate

with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is

[50] coming. A number of carmakers are developing

wireless networking systems through which vehicles

can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering

angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision

systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely

[55] In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently

tested a brake light that can provide an early warning

to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an

emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a

warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped

[60] following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around

a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing

the braking.

The American company has been testing this

system as part of a collaborative research project

[65] with several European carmakers. They have put a

fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When

they tested a group of these, the Americans found

the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping

avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to

[70] react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been

testing driverless cars on roads around Munich—

including belting down some of Germany’s highspeed

autobahns. The ordinary-looking models use

[75] a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These

include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen,

which can identify road markings, signs and various

obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge

[80] how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential

obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but

at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams

to scan the road ahead and builds up from the

reflections a three-dimensional image of what this

[85] looks like. The image is processed by a computer in

the vehicle, which also collects and compares data

from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic

sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide

parking assistance are placed around the car to add

[90] to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of

accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system

that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

Although these cars can be switched to an

autonomous driving mode, they are still required to

[95] have someone in the driving seat who can take over

in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer

themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even

changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29th 2013

Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

[1] CARS that need no driver are just around the

corner according to researchers who have been

testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras

on public roads in America. However, researchers

[5] do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do

to bring the technology to market. And carmakers

are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily

the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an

increasing number of automated driving aids. A

[10] Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one

such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with

parking, but these are not completely autonomous.

They can identify an empty parallel-parking space

[15] and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The

Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and

use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle

to park. The car then trundles off, manoeuvres into

a parking place and sends a message to the driver

[20] to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the

car in person or use his phone to call it back to where

he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be

provided at places like shopping centres and airports,

which are controlled areas in which automated

[25] vehicles can be managed more easily than on open

highways.

In the past, designs for doing this have relied

on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires

that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That,

[30] though, creates a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park

operators will not invest in such infrastructure until

there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars

on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy

self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

[35] This means, as a safety engineer working on

the project observes, that for autonomous parking

to work most of the technology will have to be in the

car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car,

therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with

[40] image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find

its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians

and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer

says the system is five to ten years from commercial

deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure

[45] might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into

tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no

need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate

with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is

[50] coming. A number of carmakers are developing

wireless networking systems through which vehicles

can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering

angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision

systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely

[55] In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently

tested a brake light that can provide an early warning

to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an

emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a

warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped

[60] following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around

a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing

the braking.

The American company has been testing this

system as part of a collaborative research project

[65] with several European carmakers. They have put a

fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When

they tested a group of these, the Americans found

the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping

avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to

[70] react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been

testing driverless cars on roads around Munich—

including belting down some of Germany’s highspeed

autobahns. The ordinary-looking models use

[75] a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These

include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen,

which can identify road markings, signs and various

obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge

[80] how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential

obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but

at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams

to scan the road ahead and builds up from the

reflections a three-dimensional image of what this

[85] looks like. The image is processed by a computer in

the vehicle, which also collects and compares data

from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic

sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide

parking assistance are placed around the car to add

[90] to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of

accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system

that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

Although these cars can be switched to an

autonomous driving mode, they are still required to

[95] have someone in the driving seat who can take over

in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer

themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even

changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29th 2013