Questões de Inglês

According to the text, we can’t state that

[1] What is happiness, really? In conventional

development theory, it equals money and prosperity, as

measured by GNP (Gross National Product). But Bhutan,

the famously remote and beautiful Buddhist kingdom in

[5] the Himalayas, has been trying out a different concept.

Espoused by the country's King Jigme Singye Wangchuck,

its government uses a different standard called GNH,

or Gross National Happiness. It has underpinned

the country's approach to change and development.

[10] In 1998, Bhutan's prime minister Jigmi Thinley

identified the "Four Pillars" of GNH, which today form

the overall guiding principle for development in Bhutan.

The first is sustainable and equitable socio-economic

development. This stresses the improvement of physical,

[15] intellectual, social and economic health through services

such as health, education, trade and commerce, road and

bridge construction, employment, urban development and

housing. Education and health were provided free of cost

to all Bhutanese even though the country was still poor.

[20] The second pillar is conservation of the environment.

72% of Bhutan is forest, so there is pressure to fell

trees and sell timber, but the law protects nature. The

hydropower projects – main drivers of the country's

economy, are mostly "run-of-the-river" schemes which

[2]5 pose far less impact on the environment, and far

less human displacement, than would huge dams.

The third pillar is preservation and promotion of

culture. The Bhutanese government views this as a

crucial strategy to preserve the country's sovereignty.

[30] The fourth and the last pillar is good governance.

The Bhutanese believe that good governance is vital for

the happiness of the people. Development in Bhutan is

still very much a work in progress, importantly, it is today

serving as a catalyst for broader discussions worldwide

[35] on happiness – stoking ideas about whether governments

and peoples should accept happiness as a legitimate and

measurable pursuit.

Disponível em: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100823124637/http://www.developments.org.uk/articles/bhutan-where-happiness-outranks-wealth/> Acesso em: 8 mar. 2014. Adaptado.

The words “Espoused” (l. 6), “underpinned” (l. 8), “fell” (l. 21), “timber” (l. 22), “pose” (l. 25), in the text, can be respectively replaced for

[1] What is happiness, really? In conventional

development theory, it equals money and prosperity, as

measured by GNP (Gross National Product). But Bhutan,

the famously remote and beautiful Buddhist kingdom in

[5] the Himalayas, has been trying out a different concept.

Espoused by the country's King Jigme Singye Wangchuck,

its government uses a different standard called GNH,

or Gross National Happiness. It has underpinned

the country's approach to change and development.

[10] In 1998, Bhutan's prime minister Jigmi Thinley

identified the "Four Pillars" of GNH, which today form

the overall guiding principle for development in Bhutan.

The first is sustainable and equitable socio-economic

development. This stresses the improvement of physical,

[15] intellectual, social and economic health through services

such as health, education, trade and commerce, road and

bridge construction, employment, urban development and

housing. Education and health were provided free of cost

to all Bhutanese even though the country was still poor.

[20] The second pillar is conservation of the environment.

72% of Bhutan is forest, so there is pressure to fell

trees and sell timber, but the law protects nature. The

hydropower projects – main drivers of the country's

economy, are mostly "run-of-the-river" schemes which

[2]5 pose far less impact on the environment, and far

less human displacement, than would huge dams.

The third pillar is preservation and promotion of

culture. The Bhutanese government views this as a

crucial strategy to preserve the country's sovereignty.

[30] The fourth and the last pillar is good governance.

The Bhutanese believe that good governance is vital for

the happiness of the people. Development in Bhutan is

still very much a work in progress, importantly, it is today

serving as a catalyst for broader discussions worldwide

[35] on happiness – stoking ideas about whether governments

and peoples should accept happiness as a legitimate and

measurable pursuit.

Disponível em: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100823124637/http://www.developments.org.uk/articles/bhutan-where-happiness-outranks-wealth/> Acesso em: 8 mar. 2014. Adaptado.

In the text, “its” (l. 7), “It” (l. 8), “which” (l. 11) and “which” (l. 24) refer respectively to

[1] What is happiness, really? In conventional

development theory, it equals money and prosperity, as

measured by GNP (Gross National Product). But Bhutan,

the famously remote and beautiful Buddhist kingdom in

[5] the Himalayas, has been trying out a different concept.

Espoused by the country's King Jigme Singye Wangchuck,

its government uses a different standard called GNH,

or Gross National Happiness. It has underpinned

the country's approach to change and development.

[10] In 1998, Bhutan's prime minister Jigmi Thinley

identified the "Four Pillars" of GNH, which today form

the overall guiding principle for development in Bhutan.

The first is sustainable and equitable socio-economic

development. This stresses the improvement of physical,

[15] intellectual, social and economic health through services

such as health, education, trade and commerce, road and

bridge construction, employment, urban development and

housing. Education and health were provided free of cost

to all Bhutanese even though the country was still poor.

[20] The second pillar is conservation of the environment.

72% of Bhutan is forest, so there is pressure to fell

trees and sell timber, but the law protects nature. The

hydropower projects – main drivers of the country's

economy, are mostly "run-of-the-river" schemes which

[2]5 pose far less impact on the environment, and far

less human displacement, than would huge dams.

The third pillar is preservation and promotion of

culture. The Bhutanese government views this as a

crucial strategy to preserve the country's sovereignty.

[30] The fourth and the last pillar is good governance.

The Bhutanese believe that good governance is vital for

the happiness of the people. Development in Bhutan is

still very much a work in progress, importantly, it is today

serving as a catalyst for broader discussions worldwide

[35] on happiness – stoking ideas about whether governments

and peoples should accept happiness as a legitimate and

measurable pursuit.

Disponível em: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100823124637/http://www.developments.org.uk/articles/bhutan-where-happiness-outranks-wealth/> Acesso em: 8 mar. 2014. Adaptado.

According to the text, fill in the parentheses com T (True) or F (False).

( ) In Bhutan, GNP was replaced by GNH.
( ) In Bhutan, the government provides education and health care for free to the poor families only.
( ) Water supply in Bhutan is based on the construction of big dykes.
( ) Bhutanese sovereignty is guaranteed through the promotion of national traditions.
( ) GNH is already a new legitimate approach to development in the whole world.

The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

TEXT II

If you're having trouble falling—or staying—asleep at night, your diet could be to blame. Steer clear of these top sleep saboteurs, and you should be getting a good night's rest in no time, says dietitian Shelly Redmond, R.D., author of Eat Well and Be Fabulous.

• You know that caffeine will keep you wide-awake, but what you may not realize? Coffee and soda aren't the only culprits. Some OTC meds contain caffeine, too, as do many teas. If you're caffeine-sensitive, start opting for decaf and checking the labels of any meds you're planning to take about eight hours before bedtime.

• A glass of wine might sound like it'll help you relax and fall asleep, but studies have actually found that alcohol causes frequent waking at night, says Redmond. See, while booze may help you drift off, it also reduces REM sleep—and without it, you won't feel like you've logged any shuteye at all. So stick to just one glass no more than one to two hours before bed to avoid a rocky night.

• Water is great for weight loss and staying healthy but can have the unfortunate side effect of waking you up for middle-of-the-night bathroom breaks. And not only do 2 a.m. restroom runs interrupt your sleep cycle, but they can also cut into your REM sleep. Try to avoid drinking fluids 60-90 minutes before your usual bedtime to make sure you actually spend all night in bed.

• Tyramine, an amino acid found in aged and fermented foods, stimulates the brain and could keep you up at night as a result. Aged cheese, smoked fish, and cured meats all contain it—so if you must have a cheesy snack before bedtime, stick to the fresh stuff, like mozzarella.

• Anything with a lot of acid can cause heartburn and discomfort during the night—and that includes tomato-based foods and spicy dishes. To prevent tossing and turning, Redmond recommends staying away from these types of foods at least three hours before you hit the sack.

Source: ABC News (Adapted from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/, November/2013)

“If you\'re caffeine-sensitive, start opting for decaf […]”. “If” introduces an idea of:

Text 1

 

In the latest episode of the 2014 World Cup saga, Brazilian prosecutors are seeking an injunction to block the use of public funds for temporary infrastructure at World Cup stadiums located throughout Brazil. Structures like tents, cabling and communication equipment for broadcasters offer no long-term benefit to society, the prosecutors argue, and therefore they should be paid for by the FIFA, the world soccer governing body. If successful, the injunction could save Brazil almost 1.2 billion reals in taxpayer money, according to the statement released by the Procuradoria Geral da República. Brazil is not served by these expenditures for a private event, they argue, saying: "What is the public interest in paying for these services, if FIFA will be the only holder of their rights and sells them at millionaire prices?"

Brazil is spending about $3.5 billion to build or refurbish 12 stadiums for the tournament, which many Brazilians think should have been spent on other things, like health care and education. The public outrage propelled many to the streets in June and July, leading to the largest public demonstrations Brazil has ever seen. Since then, the financing of the World Cup has come under great scrutiny. Aside from the prosecutor’s lawsuit, the six cities that hosted the Confederations Cup soccer tournament in June are also separately suing to get back 230 million reals ($105 million) spent on temporary structures for the event. The Brazilian Supreme Court has yet to rule on the lawsuit.

FIFA replied that “liabilities related to complementary structures were clearly stated in contracts” signed by the stadium owners in 2007. It added that the local organizing committees were responsible for several of the temporary structures, as well as hospitality, commercial display areas, food concessions and merchandising.

“In order to further reduce the investment made by the stadium owners in the complementary structures, the local organizing committees and FIFA are reviewing all of the requirements, as they did in February 2013 for the FIFA Confederations Cup, when there was a significant decrease in scope.”

Source: The International Business Times (Adapted from http://www.ibtimes.com/, November/2013)

 

Choose the item which best completes the sentence bellow:
“Exactly a year away from hosting its _____ sporting tournament ever, Brazil is _______ in disputes and delays over the preparations for the event.”