Questões de Inglês

Para a questão leia o seguinte texto.

 

LAW COMPETITION OPENS SCHOOL STUDENTS' EYES TO A FUTURE IN LAW

 

For school students who want to pursue a career in law, this year's Bar Mock Trial Competition gave them the opportunity to take on the roles of barristers and witnesses in front of real judges. Teams from around the country met at Cardiff Crown Court where they were given cases to study and then battle out in the court rooms. As you would expect, the 15-18 year olds who made it through to this year's final, were thrilled to operate in such an arena. A collection of senior figures from the upper echelons of the justice system gave up their Saturday to preside over the cases, giving the students valuable insight.

 

Suitably inspired, many of these talented kids say they now want to become lawyers, particularly of the criminal barrister variety. The problem they face is that the publicly-funded branch of the legal profession is in crisis, with a succession of legal aid cuts leaving its junior members to survive on rates of pay that are sometimes even lower than the minimum wage. Students need to think about alternative careers in law.

 

One of the benefits of participating in competitions like the Bar Mock Trial, or studying citizenship as part of the national curriculum, is that students are encouraged to consider these sort of topical issues at an earlier stage than most, and are then able to use that knowledge to make more informed choices. "Most of the students are interested in going into law, with a significant number seriously considering it. Although some fancy the criminal Bar, they tend to have very general ideas of the law. They are now at a point when they can begin to consider different avenues," says Ryan McAuley, whose group won Saturday's competition.

 

Competitions like this give would-be lawyers a more realistic view of the profession. They will hopefully grasp that while there are some court scholarships available to help them get to the criminal bar, practising there will be hard. Some will decide it's worth it, others will explore different options that still contain the essence of what they enjoy about law.

 

This was the mental journey made by solicitoradvocate Helen Marriott – who spoke at Saturday's final . Marriott initially wanted to practice criminal law but this interest eventually gave way to a desire to lead a more secure life practising civil law within in a large law firm. She explains that it is a move she has never regretted:"You can be a solicitor-advocate and practise in almost the same way as a barrister."

 

Another alternative that has become increasingly important for school students to be aware of is the legal apprentice route. Bypassing university altogether, legal apprentices qualify as chartered legal executive lawyers, a lesser-known cousin of solicitors and barristers who are becoming more common in law firms as the government offers incentives to train up lawyers through this route. Recently top firms like Kennedys, DAC Beachcroft and Addleshaw Goddard have all upped their apprentice intake.

 

At a time of blurring boundaries between types of lawyers, Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEx) regional development officer for Wales Lynne Squires – who also attended Saturday's final – urges students to take time to find out about the various routes.

 

"Regardless of costs or family background, there is a route available to qualify," she says."Be prepared to look around and investigate your options. At each point there are possibilities: you can qualify as a solicitor and a barrister after becoming a legal executive, although increasingly it's not necessary.

 

The thing I come across most among students is that they haven't explored every alternative. Know all of your options and have back up plans."

 

Whatever path the students from this year's Bar Mock Trial Competition choose, it's possible that the legal profession they arrive into will already have changed considerably from its current form, and continue to do so over the coming years. Just this month Lord Chief Justice John Thomas suggested that the legal aid cuts may prompt a major re-think in the way justice is delivered.

 

What repercussions this would have for entry into the law remains to be seen. What's certain, though, is at this time of profound change for the legal profession initiatives to help young people understand how the world works have never been more important.

(ALDRIGE, Alex. The Guardian, 27 March 2014. Disponível em: <www.theguardian.com/law/2014/mar/27/law-competition-opensschool-students-eyes-future-law>. Acesso em: 31 maio 2014)

Após ler o texto, pode-se dizer que:

READ THE TEXT:

 

Barrister vs. solicitor

Hi, I'm Matt. Thanks very much for joining us.

 

Today I'm going to be talking about a few terms that are easily confused. And these are some Legal English words that often come up during my Legal English classes. Let's have a look at these first two, solicitor and attorney. You're probably familiar with the term attorney. Attorney is a common term in American Legal English for lawyer. Solicitor is not quite the same. Solicitor is particular to England and a lot of Commonwealth countries, and it's a particular type of lawyer. And in the UK we contrast the term solicitor with another branch of the legal profession, the barrister. Now, one of these, the solicitor or the barrister has rights of audience at court. That means that they can go and represent clients at court and carry out the advocacy work. One of them does the preparation – all of the work that leads up to the actual advocacy work in court. Which one do you think is which? OK, it's the solicitor that does the initial litigation, the initial work or the preparatory work and generally speaking if it's, say, a breach of contract case, or a non-criminal matter, the case usually begins and ends with a solicitor, because most cases end in an out-of-court settlement. If the parties can't settle, then the solicitor will get a barrister's advice. The barrister if often seen as the expert in particular areas of law and then the barrister will take the brief, the file, the documents from the solicitor that cover all of the facts of the case and will then represent the client in court.

(Disponível em: . Acesso em: 31 maio 2014)

 

 

Check the correct answer according to the text

The word particular in “Solicitor is particular to England” and in “The barrister if often seen as the expert in particular areas of law.”, mean:

Leia o texto e responda a pergunta.

 

In Search of the Next Boom, Developers Cram Their Apps into Smart Watches
Clever apps might persuade people that they need a wrist-worn computer.

  The age of wearable computing is upon us. Forget the debate over how
capable or fashionable the first devices are, how popular they may eventually
[5] become, or even whether we fully understand what we’re getting into with these
devices. The big question is simply: what will they do? And the answer will have
much to do with the apps that emerge.
  Both hardware makers and software developers hope that wearables, like
the smartphone, tablet, and television, will become a new platform for application
[10] development. The two most promising platforms are the headset and the smart
watch. But while the only viable headset is Google’s still-in-beta Glass, smart
watches and smart watch apps have arrived. These early smart watches may
also help clarify what does and doesn’t work for software development in the broader emerging category of
wearable technology.
[15]   Samsung is launching the Galaxy Gear, which runs a modified version of the Android smartphone
operating system, with a small group of third-party application developers, both to work out the kinks in its
software application programming interface, and to establish best practices for app development. One of
Samsung’s launch partners for Galaxy Gear is Runkeeper, which has already developed a popular fitness
application for smartphones and for the Pebble smart watch.
[20]   Nine months ago, Runkeeper began working with Samsung on apps for other devices. Runkeeper’s
CEO, Jason Jacobs, compares this generation of smart watches to the first tablet computers. “As with any
new category that emerges, it’s a question getting to know the category and figuring out what the use cases
are,” he says. For the Galaxy Gear, Runkeeper is following Samsung’s and Pebble’s approach of using the
smart watch as a companion for the smartphone. This approach will affect the way apps are designed.
[25]   “It’s not a replacement for the app on the phone,” says Jacobs of the Runkeeper app for the Galaxy
Gear. “It’s a remote control so you can keep your phone in your pocket, can start and stop without pulling
your phone out. It’s the same data, the same application, but changes the experience to make it less intrusive.”
  Jacobs believes some unexpected ways of using smart watches will emerge as apps appear. “No one
really imagined that doctors would use tablets as they made their rounds,” says Jacobs. “The skeptics who
[30] say ‘no one would ever use that’ [about smart watches] are some of the same people who said they would
never use a laptop without a keyboard.”
  Pocket’s founder and CEO Nate Weiner acknowledges that a smart-watch screen is limited. “This
device is not for long periods in which a person is looking at their watch to consume content,” he says. “We
weren’t going to just drop a Pocket list on there and assume people would want to read or watch a video on
[35] their watch for a long period of time.”
  This may be a veiled jab at Google Glass, but it’s also part of our expectations for a wristwatch:
besides being relatively hands-free, the appeal of checking time, weather, or notifications on a smart watch
is that it’s quick, natural, and discreet. Ideally, third-party applications will follow the same approach.

By Tim Carmody, Technology Review published by MIT, 25/09/2013

Adapted from http://www.technologyreview.com/news/519541/in-search-of-the-next-boom-developers-cram-their-appsinto-smart-watches/

Qual das afirmações abaixo reflete a opinião de Nate Weiner, fundador e CEO da Pocket?

Leia o texto e responda a pergunta.

 

In Search of the Next Boom, Developers Cram Their Apps into Smart Watches
Clever apps might persuade people that they need a wrist-worn computer.

  The age of wearable computing is upon us. Forget the debate over how
capable or fashionable the first devices are, how popular they may eventually
[5] become, or even whether we fully understand what we’re getting into with these
devices. The big question is simply: what will they do? And the answer will have
much to do with the apps that emerge.
  Both hardware makers and software developers hope that wearables, like
the smartphone, tablet, and television, will become a new platform for application
[10] development. The two most promising platforms are the headset and the smart
watch. But while the only viable headset is Google’s still-in-beta Glass, smart
watches and smart watch apps have arrived. These early smart watches may
also help clarify what does and doesn’t work for software development in the broader emerging category of
wearable technology.
[15]   Samsung is launching the Galaxy Gear, which runs a modified version of the Android smartphone
operating system, with a small group of third-party application developers, both to work out the kinks in its
software application programming interface, and to establish best practices for app development. One of
Samsung’s launch partners for Galaxy Gear is Runkeeper, which has already developed a popular fitness
application for smartphones and for the Pebble smart watch.
[20]   Nine months ago, Runkeeper began working with Samsung on apps for other devices. Runkeeper’s
CEO, Jason Jacobs, compares this generation of smart watches to the first tablet computers. “As with any
new category that emerges, it’s a question getting to know the category and figuring out what the use cases
are,” he says. For the Galaxy Gear, Runkeeper is following Samsung’s and Pebble’s approach of using the
smart watch as a companion for the smartphone. This approach will affect the way apps are designed.
[25]   “It’s not a replacement for the app on the phone,” says Jacobs of the Runkeeper app for the Galaxy
Gear. “It’s a remote control so you can keep your phone in your pocket, can start and stop without pulling
your phone out. It’s the same data, the same application, but changes the experience to make it less intrusive.”
  Jacobs believes some unexpected ways of using smart watches will emerge as apps appear. “No one
really imagined that doctors would use tablets as they made their rounds,” says Jacobs. “The skeptics who
[30] say ‘no one would ever use that’ [about smart watches] are some of the same people who said they would
never use a laptop without a keyboard.”
  Pocket’s founder and CEO Nate Weiner acknowledges that a smart-watch screen is limited. “This
device is not for long periods in which a person is looking at their watch to consume content,” he says. “We
weren’t going to just drop a Pocket list on there and assume people would want to read or watch a video on
[35] their watch for a long period of time.”
  This may be a veiled jab at Google Glass, but it’s also part of our expectations for a wristwatch:
besides being relatively hands-free, the appeal of checking time, weather, or notifications on a smart watch
is that it’s quick, natural, and discreet. Ideally, third-party applications will follow the same approach.

By Tim Carmody, Technology Review published by MIT, 25/09/2013

Adapted from http://www.technologyreview.com/news/519541/in-search-of-the-next-boom-developers-cram-their-appsinto-smart-watches/

O pronome “they”, destacado na linha 30, refere-se a

Leia o texto e responda a pergunta.

 

In Search of the Next Boom, Developers Cram Their Apps into Smart Watches
Clever apps might persuade people that they need a wrist-worn computer.

  The age of wearable computing is upon us. Forget the debate over how
capable or fashionable the first devices are, how popular they may eventually
[5] become, or even whether we fully understand what we’re getting into with these
devices. The big question is simply: what will they do? And the answer will have
much to do with the apps that emerge.
  Both hardware makers and software developers hope that wearables, like
the smartphone, tablet, and television, will become a new platform for application
[10] development. The two most promising platforms are the headset and the smart
watch. But while the only viable headset is Google’s still-in-beta Glass, smart
watches and smart watch apps have arrived. These early smart watches may
also help clarify what does and doesn’t work for software development in the broader emerging category of
wearable technology.
[15]   Samsung is launching the Galaxy Gear, which runs a modified version of the Android smartphone
operating system, with a small group of third-party application developers, both to work out the kinks in its
software application programming interface, and to establish best practices for app development. One of
Samsung’s launch partners for Galaxy Gear is Runkeeper, which has already developed a popular fitness
application for smartphones and for the Pebble smart watch.
[20]   Nine months ago, Runkeeper began working with Samsung on apps for other devices. Runkeeper’s
CEO, Jason Jacobs, compares this generation of smart watches to the first tablet computers. “As with any
new category that emerges, it’s a question getting to know the category and figuring out what the use cases
are,” he says. For the Galaxy Gear, Runkeeper is following Samsung’s and Pebble’s approach of using the
smart watch as a companion for the smartphone. This approach will affect the way apps are designed.
[25]   “It’s not a replacement for the app on the phone,” says Jacobs of the Runkeeper app for the Galaxy
Gear. “It’s a remote control so you can keep your phone in your pocket, can start and stop without pulling
your phone out. It’s the same data, the same application, but changes the experience to make it less intrusive.”
  Jacobs believes some unexpected ways of using smart watches will emerge as apps appear. “No one
really imagined that doctors would use tablets as they made their rounds,” says Jacobs. “The skeptics who
[30] say ‘no one would ever use that’ [about smart watches] are some of the same people who said they would
never use a laptop without a keyboard.”
  Pocket’s founder and CEO Nate Weiner acknowledges that a smart-watch screen is limited. “This
device is not for long periods in which a person is looking at their watch to consume content,” he says. “We
weren’t going to just drop a Pocket list on there and assume people would want to read or watch a video on
[35] their watch for a long period of time.”
  This may be a veiled jab at Google Glass, but it’s also part of our expectations for a wristwatch:
besides being relatively hands-free, the appeal of checking time, weather, or notifications on a smart watch
is that it’s quick, natural, and discreet. Ideally, third-party applications will follow the same approach.

By Tim Carmody, Technology Review published by MIT, 25/09/2013

Adapted from http://www.technologyreview.com/news/519541/in-search-of-the-next-boom-developers-cram-their-appsinto-smart-watches/

Conforme o texto, além de smartphones, tablets e TVs, quais são as outras duas plataformas mais promissoras para a computação “wearable”?

Cultures

 

[1]  No culture is static. Ideas, technologies, products, and people move from one place __ another. When
[2]  cultures come __ contact through migration, trade, or the latest telecommunications devices, they influence
[3]  each other. Sometimes cultures cross-pollinate, exchanging foods, music, sports. At other times, say
[4]  critics of globalization, a culture swamps another like an invasive, fast-reproducing weed.

 

[5]  Cultures have evolved in response to contact for thousands of years. But the pace has changed. In the
[6]  past the influences of distant cultures came slowly, delayed __ long journeys. Today, because __ the telephone,
[7]  the television, the internet, telecommunications satellites, world trade, and long-distance travel, cultural
[8]  influences can spread across the planet as fast as the click of a mouse.
(National Geographic, August 1999)

Numere a segunda coluna de acordo com a primeira, de forma a obter a tradução dos vocábulos.

 

(1) trade (linha 02)
(2) devices ((linha 02)
(3) cross-pollinate (linha 03)
(4) swamps (linha 04)
(5) fast-reproducing weed (linha 04)

 

( ) influenciam-se mutuamente
( ) comércio
( ) abafa
( ) erva daninha
( ) aparelhos

A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é