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Questões de Inglês
19.971 Questões
Questão 67 83324
UFRGS 1° Dia FIS - LIT- ENG 2015[1] The study of game aesthetics is a very
recent practice, spanning less than two
decades. Unlike game studies in mathematics
or the social sciences, ........ are much older,
[5] games became subject to humanistic study
only after computer and video games became
popular. This lack of persistent interest might
seem odd, but only if we see traditional
games and computer games as intrinsically
[10] similar, ........ they are not. We might try to
explain this lack by noting that games are
usually seen as trivial and lowbrow by the
aesthetic and theoretical elites ........ cultivate
the analysis of artistic media objects:
[15] literature, the visual arts, theatre, music, etc.
But this does not explain the fact that
aesthetic studies of games are now not only
possible, but even encouraged and supported
with funding. What happened to cause this
[20] change?
A possible explanation could be that digital
games, unlike traditional games or sports,
consist of non-ephemeral content (stored
words, sounds and images), which places
[25] them much closer to the ideal object of the
Humanities, the work of art. Thus, they
become visible and textualizable for the
aesthetic observer, in a way the previous
phenomena were not.
[30] However, this sudden visibility, probably
also caused by the tremendous economic and
cultural success of computer games, produces
certain blind spots in the aesthetic observer,
especially if he/she is trained in textual/visual
[35] analysis, as is usually the case. Instead of
treating the new phenomena carefully, and as
objects of a study for which no methodology
yet exists, they are analyzed with tools that
happen to be at hand, such as film or
[40] narrative theories. Therefore we need to
outline and promote a methodology for the
aesthetic study of games, which, given the
current nascent state of the field, will
doubtlessly give way to more sophisticated
[45] approaches in the years to come.
Adapted from: Aarseth, Espen. Playing Research: Methodological approaches to game analysis. Available at: <http://hypertext.rmit.edu.au/dac/ papers/Aarseth.pdf>. Accessed on July 26th, 2014.
Select the alternative that adequ
Questão 63 83320
UFRGS 1° Dia FIS - LIT- ENG 2015[1] Orientalism means several interdependent
things. The most readily accepted designation
for Orientalism is an academic one. Anyone
who teaches, writes about, or researches the
[5] Orient, either in its specific or its general
aspects, is an Orientalist, and what he or she
does is Orientalism.
Related to this academic tradition is a
more general meaning for Orientalism as a
[10] style of thought based ........ a distinction
made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident.’
Thus a very large mass of writers and thinkers
have accepted the basic distinction between
East and West as the starting point for
[15] elaborate theories, epics, novels, social
descriptions, and political accounts concerning
the Orient, its people, customs, ‘mind,’
destiny, and so on.
The interchange between the academic
[20] and the more or less imaginative meanings of
Orientalism is a constant one, and since the
late 18th century there has been a
considerable traffic between the two. Here I
come to the third meaning of Orientalism,
[25] which is something more historically and
materially defined than either of the other
two. Orientalism can be discussed and
analyzed as the corporate institution for
dealing with the Orient—dealing with it by
[30] making statements about it, authorizing views
of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it: in
short, Orientalism as a Western discourse for
dominating, restructuring, and having
authority ........ the Orient.
[35] The Orient is not an inert fact of nature. It
is not merely there, just as the Occident itself
is not just there either. As both geographical
and cultural entities such regions as ‘Orient’
and ‘Occident’ are man-made. Therefore as
[40] much as the West itself, the Orient is an idea
that has a history and a tradition of thought,
imagery, and vocabulary that have given it
reality and presence in and for the West. The
two geographical entities thus support and to
[45] an extent reflect each other. It would be
wrong to conclude that the Orient is
essentially an idea, or a creation with no
corresponding reality. There are cultures and
nations whose location is in the East, and
[50] their lives, histories, and customs have a
brute reality obviously greater than anything
that could be said about them in the West.
But the phenomenon of Orientalism as
studied here deals principally, not with a
[55] correspondence between Orientalism and
Orient, but with the internal consistency of
Orientalism and its ideas about the Orient
........ or beyond any correspondence, or lack
thereof, with a ‘real’ Orient.
Adaptado de: SAID, Edward. Orientalism. In: Ashcroft, Bill et al. (ed.) The Postcolonial Studies Reader . London/ New York: Routledge, 1995. p. 87-91.
Assinale a alternativa que poderia substituir a palavra Thus (l. 12), sem prejuízo do sentido literal e da correção gramatical.
Questão 54 83311
UFRGS 1° Dia FIS - LIT- ENG 2015The Road Not Taken
[1] Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
[5] To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
[10] Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
[15] I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I –
I took the one less traveled by,
[20] And that has made all the difference.
Adaptado de: FROST, Robert. The Road not Taken . Disponível em: <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/ poem/173536>. Acesso em: 08 set. 2014.
Assinale o fragmento de frase que apresenta a mesma estrutura gramatical do título do poema.
Questão 48 11921724
CFO-BM 2014Read the text below and choose the best answer.
LIFE COACHING - YOU KNOW WHAT YOUR PROBLEM IS?
Derek Workman
These days it seems that there's always someone there to pick you up, help you out and give your life a new start.
You can find someone to choose your clothes for you, or sort out your wardrobe, if you already have enough; there's someone to arrange your dinner parties and someone else who will look after your diary, or if life just seems to be too much trouble to do anything at all, you can find a psychotherapist to help you deal with your problems.
Fine as it is to have all this help at hand, if we look closely at ourselves, we can begin to see that we don't actually need all these people to look after us. To help us do this is the role of the Life Coach - someone who won't judge us, who won't tell us what to do and is there to support us in those nervous life decisions that we all have to make.
Mike Lewis was a self-confessed computer geek in his hometown of Southampton, England, but rose high up the corporate ladder in California. He now lives in a small coastal town in Spain where he acts as a Life Coach to clients in Europe, America, India and Australia, chatting with them on a regular basis by telephone. But why should we need anybody to help us along?
A life coach is basically a support system for people who want to make some change in their life. The significant thing about personal development is this: there's relatively few people that I've ever met that don't want to get on in life, but it's hard to get on if you try and find all this stimulus from the outside. The difference between coaching and other forms of personal development is primarily this: with life coaching, nobody tells you what to do, nobody tells you who you should be, nobody tries to change you 'cause we're all perfect as we are! What a life coach does is encourage you to find the answers to all life's problems from within, not from without.
Fonte: Revista Speak UP, edição 201, fev. 2004.
In “[…] chatting with them on a regular basis by telephone.”, THEM refers to
Questão 70 11671203
APMBB 2014Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law
by Maria Laura Canineu
February 3, 2014
A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.
Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.
In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”
In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.
The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.
Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.
In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.
The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.
According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.
(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)
A partir da leitura do texto, é possível afirmar que
Questão 69 11671162
APMBB 2014Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law
by Maria Laura Canineu
February 3, 2014
A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.
Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.
In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”
In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.
The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.
Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.
In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.
The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.
According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.
(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)
No trecho final do último parágrafo – Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months. –, o termo otherwise equivale, em português, a
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