Questões de Inglês

    The Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health was a pioneer in Brazil by being one of the first medical schools to create a mandatory subject dedicated to the knowledge of EvidenceBased Medicine (EBM). Traditional approaches to Medicine Based on Evidence (MBE) have a complex connotation, distancing the health professional from the scientific paradigm. We intend to democratize methodological learning, presenting it in a simple way and aligned with clinical decision-making. The essence of MBE is not the scientific production by the health professional, but the consumption of scientific evidence in clinical decision making. This must be the domain of every professional, researcher or nonresearcher. There is a scarcity of interventions aimed at the democratization of EBM, and we see this gap as an opportunity to contribute to a cultural evolution within the reasoning in health. Such interventions take place through internal courses (undergraduate and graduate), extension courses aimed at the external public and publications in simple and didactic language. We aim to demystify the complexity of the subject, making people understand and like the cultural environment.

The effectiveness of clinical decisions depends on synergy with patient preference. Many preferences are influenced by an unscientific culture. We believe that the scientific paradigm must be culturally present in a society, promoting a synergism between the scientific position of a professional and a decision shared with the patient. Thus, we cannot limit scientific education to professionals, as it must be universal. This implies the development of actions that open dialogue with society about what scientific thinking in health is all about.

Disponível em:  http://bahiana.edu.br. Acesso em: mai. 2022. Adaptado

“The effectiveness of clinical decisions depends on synergy with patient preference”

 

This sentence implies in

    One of the missions of the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health is to open doors for a global dialogue that fosters collaboration and cultural exchange between students and in the field of health. If you study in a Graduate or Undergraduate program at another country and you want to take advantage of our programs for international students, you can enroll in any extension practice of an Experiential Education, also in a Visiting Research Student program or attend to any Course of the Continuing Studies, including Portuguese as a Second Language (PSL). In doing so, you can have experiential learns in health care, community health promotion and education activities, and/or interact with our research groups. This is an opportunity to enrich your academic life in the field of health care and health education in Latin America. Moreover, you may also improve your ability in the Portuguese Language if you apply for the Portuguese Language course.

    It is requested a basic knowledge of Portuguese to participate in the programs. In each program there is the indication of the needed level of knowledge. It is possible to reach the needed basic level for some internships through the course of Portuguese as a Second Language (PSL) in 8 weeks.

Disponível em: http://bahiana.edu.br. Acesso em: mai. 2022. Adaptado.

 

This text focus on programs which the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health offers to

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Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021

 

    Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.

    For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.

    Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.

    There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links. 

Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

Choose the alternative with verbs that respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the correct way

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Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021

 

    Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.

    For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.

    Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.

    There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links. 

Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

Scammer is a recurring word in the text. We can define “scammer” as someone who

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Romance and Reality

 

    Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.

    Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.

    Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?

    Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.

Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality

According to the text, choose the correct statement.

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Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-Invented Journalism

 

    The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war correspondent.

    Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.

    Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was taking place in the telling of this story that transcended journalism.”

    The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by surprise, fight back furiously.

     Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word: “Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to be remembered. Adapted from

https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-dday-reporter.

How many people wrote back when Ryan placed an ad in the newspapers in 1957 (paragraph 4)?