Questões de Inglês

TEXT 1

The Truth About Life As A Digital Nomad

 

Over the years – thanks to the advent of online communication – a new type of working professional has emerged: the "digital nomad." Digital nomads are individuals whose daily routine is to keep moving, travelling and trying out new things.

They require only a laptop and an internet connection to be able to work from practically anywhere in the world: on the sands of a quiet beach in an exotic island, from a well-reviewed restaurant or even a hotel room halfway across the world. For many, the unshackled lifestyle of the digital nomad compensates for the lack of stable employment and benefits that a regular employee would be entitled to.

The freedom to travel keeps perspectives fresh, the creative juices and imagination flowing, the soul uninhibited – the kind of thing paper-pushing office employees can only dream of.

Source: http://www.nomadicnotes.com/travel-thoughts/10-years-as-a-digital-nomad/ Access on: May 14th, 2015

Consider the extract “For many, the unshackled lifestyle of the digital nomad compensates for the lack of stable employment and benefits that a regular employee would be entitled to.” The word in boldface is formed by:

For the next three questions, read carefully the article excerpt bellow:

Steroids Overview

 

The use of steroids continues to make news and sports headlines as athletes and bodybuilders use them

illegally to gain an advantage on the playing field. Anabolic steroids refer to hormones that are either taken

orally or by injection that influence the body's hormonal system to produce extra testosterone. The goal of

taking anabolic steroids is to increase muscle mass. Anabolic refers to this muscle-building capability.

Anabolic steroids should not be confused with corticosteroids, which are used routinely as anti-inflammatory

medications to help treat illnesses in which inflammation is part of the disease process.

In today's society, anabolic steroid use has become common to augment sports performance, and abuse of

these drugs begins as early as middle school.

 

Different Types of Steroids

There are two types of steroids present within the body. Corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal gland

located above the kidney. These hormones include aldosterone, which helps regulate sodium concentration in

the body, and cortisol, which plays many roles in the body, including serving as part of the body's stress

response system to decrease inflammation. Commonly prescribed corticosteroid medications,

like prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone are available to be taken by mouth, intravenously, or by

intramuscular injection and may be used to treat diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory

bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus in which inflammation is part of the disease process. The

use of steroid ointments and creams on the skin, liketriamcinolone and betamethasone, is common in the

treatment of dermatitis (derm=skin + itis=inflammation).

The second group of steroids, the androgenic/anabolic steroids, are hormones made in the body to regulate the

manufacture of testosterone in the testicles and ovaries. The androgenic part of testosterone is involved in

developing the male sex characteristics, while the anabolic part is involved in increasing the amount of body

tissue by increasing protein production. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, helps regulate

testosterone production and hormone secretion. Growth hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are

among the hormones that stimulate testis and ovary function and are two of the many hormones secreted by

the pituitary.

Anabolic and androgenic steroids are available as prescription medications to be used in cases in which the

body does not make enough hormone and supplementation may be required. Some hormone supplements in

this pathway include growth hormone and testosterone itself. These medications are legally prescribed by

health-care providers, but this group of drugs is often used illegally and abused to help increase athletic

performance and improve body appearance. When used in a well-nourished body, anabolic steroids will cause

weight gain primarily due to an increase in muscle mass.

While anabolic steroids may have beneficial effects when taken under medical supervision, they have many

serious and sometimes irreversible side effects. These side effects are due to abnormally high levels of

testosterone in the body and may include high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, liver damage, heart

failure, acne, baldness, as well as aggressive and violent behavior.

There are a variety of common anabolic steroids. Some mimic the actions of testosterone directly, while others

cause the body to produce excess testosterone by interfering with the normal hormone regulation system in the

body. The end result is the same. Excess testosterone is available to affect cell and organ function in the body.

Aside from the chemical name, these steroids may also have a trade name and street name. For example, the

chemical stanozol is manufactured under the name Winstrol but is also known on the street as "Winny."

Genotropin is the manufacturer's name for human growth hormone (HGH).

There are numerous names for steroids, and each country may have its own variations on these names.

Steroids may be chemically similar to testosterone, like methyl testosterone or oxymetholone. They can also

be so-called "designer" steroids that are manufactured to pass drug tests, like norbolethone and

desoxymethyltestosterone.

A few common examples of anabolic steroids include

· Anabol,

· Android,

· Androstenedione,

· Winstrol,

· Deca-Durabol,

· THG,

· Genabol, and

· HGH.

Depending upon the type, anabolic steroids may either be injected into the body or taken by pill. Because of the way these medications are metabolized, the need to have recovery time, and to prevent detection, steroids are often taken in cycles in which they are used for a few days at a time, then stopped and the cycle repeated again days or weeks later. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 7/29/2014

Disponível em http://www.emedicinehealth.com/steroids/page2_em.htm, consultado em 10/11/2014. (adaptado)

The article argues that:

For the next three questions, read carefully the article excerpt bellow:

Steroids Overview

 

The use of steroids continues to make news and sports headlines as athletes and bodybuilders use them

illegally to gain an advantage on the playing field. Anabolic steroids refer to hormones that are either taken

orally or by injection that influence the body's hormonal system to produce extra testosterone. The goal of

taking anabolic steroids is to increase muscle mass. Anabolic refers to this muscle-building capability.

Anabolic steroids should not be confused with corticosteroids, which are used routinely as anti-inflammatory

medications to help treat illnesses in which inflammation is part of the disease process.

In today's society, anabolic steroid use has become common to augment sports performance, and abuse of

these drugs begins as early as middle school.

 

Different Types of Steroids

There are two types of steroids present within the body. Corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal gland

located above the kidney. These hormones include aldosterone, which helps regulate sodium concentration in

the body, and cortisol, which plays many roles in the body, including serving as part of the body's stress

response system to decrease inflammation. Commonly prescribed corticosteroid medications,

like prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone are available to be taken by mouth, intravenously, or by

intramuscular injection and may be used to treat diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory

bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus in which inflammation is part of the disease process. The

use of steroid ointments and creams on the skin, liketriamcinolone and betamethasone, is common in the

treatment of dermatitis (derm=skin + itis=inflammation).

The second group of steroids, the androgenic/anabolic steroids, are hormones made in the body to regulate the

manufacture of testosterone in the testicles and ovaries. The androgenic part of testosterone is involved in

developing the male sex characteristics, while the anabolic part is involved in increasing the amount of body

tissue by increasing protein production. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, helps regulate

testosterone production and hormone secretion. Growth hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are

among the hormones that stimulate testis and ovary function and are two of the many hormones secreted by

the pituitary.

Anabolic and androgenic steroids are available as prescription medications to be used in cases in which the

body does not make enough hormone and supplementation may be required. Some hormone supplements in

this pathway include growth hormone and testosterone itself. These medications are legally prescribed by

health-care providers, but this group of drugs is often used illegally and abused to help increase athletic

performance and improve body appearance. When used in a well-nourished body, anabolic steroids will cause

weight gain primarily due to an increase in muscle mass.

While anabolic steroids may have beneficial effects when taken under medical supervision, they have many

serious and sometimes irreversible side effects. These side effects are due to abnormally high levels of

testosterone in the body and may include high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, liver damage, heart

failure, acne, baldness, as well as aggressive and violent behavior.

There are a variety of common anabolic steroids. Some mimic the actions of testosterone directly, while others

cause the body to produce excess testosterone by interfering with the normal hormone regulation system in the

body. The end result is the same. Excess testosterone is available to affect cell and organ function in the body.

Aside from the chemical name, these steroids may also have a trade name and street name. For example, the

chemical stanozol is manufactured under the name Winstrol but is also known on the street as "Winny."

Genotropin is the manufacturer's name for human growth hormone (HGH).

There are numerous names for steroids, and each country may have its own variations on these names.

Steroids may be chemically similar to testosterone, like methyl testosterone or oxymetholone. They can also

be so-called "designer" steroids that are manufactured to pass drug tests, like norbolethone and

desoxymethyltestosterone.

A few common examples of anabolic steroids include

· Anabol,

· Android,

· Androstenedione,

· Winstrol,

· Deca-Durabol,

· THG,

· Genabol, and

· HGH.

Depending upon the type, anabolic steroids may either be injected into the body or taken by pill. Because of the way these medications are metabolized, the need to have recovery time, and to prevent detection, steroids are often taken in cycles in which they are used for a few days at a time, then stopped and the cycle repeated again days or weeks later. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 7/29/2014

Disponível em http://www.emedicinehealth.com/steroids/page2_em.htm, consultado em 10/11/2014. (adaptado)

One of the main problems caused by the use of anabolic steroids is:

Every year, Growth From Knowledge organization does a survey on the most trustful professions all around the word. The table above is the result of 2014 survey and shows:

The campaign below:

According to the cartoon, we can say that: