Questões de Inglês

 EBOLA FACTS

 

I - ______________ The news that a Dallas nurse who helped care for Thomas Eric Duncan was infected with the Ebola virus has fed fears of health care workers across the United States. The Dallas nurse was the second person — and second health care worker — to contract Ebola outside of West Africa. A nurse in Spain was infected in September while treating a missionary who had been infected in Sierra Leone and then flown to a hospital in Madrid. More than 400 health care workers in West Africa have been infected with Ebola during the current outbreak, and 233 have died as of Oct. 8. The World Health Organization said that the high rates of infection among medical workers could be attributed to shortages or improper use of protective equipment; not enough medical personnel; and long working hours in isolation wards.

 

II- _______________ At least 16 Ebola cases have been treated outside of West Africa in the current outbreak, including a Dallas hospital worker who tested positive for Ebola on Oct. 11. Most of these involve health and aid workers who contracted Ebola in West Africa and were transported back to their home country for treatment. Three cases were diagnosed outside of West Africa: A Liberian man who began showing symptoms four days after arriving in Dallas, a Spanish nurse who became ill after treating a missionary in a Madrid hospital and the Dallas hospital worker who wasinvolved in the treatment of a Liberian patient infected with Ebola. These cases are compiled from reports by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, Doctors Without Borders and other official agencies.

 

III- ______________ Ebola was discovered in 1976, and it was once thought to originate in gorillas, because human outbreaks began after people ate gorilla meat. But scientists have since ruled out that theory, partly because apes that become infected are even more likely to die than humans. Scientists now believe that bats are the natural reservoir for the virus, and that apes and humans catch it from eating food that bats have drooled or defecated on, or by coming in contact with surfaces covered in infected bat dropping and then touching their eyes or mouths.The current outbreak seems to have started in a village near Guéckédou, Guinea, where bat hunting is common, according to Doctors Without Borders.

 

IV- _______________ Officials have emphasized that there is no risk of transmission from people who have been exposed to the virus but are not yet showing symptoms. Dr. Thomas R. Frieden, director of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said on Oct. 2 that the odds of contracting Ebola in the United States were extremely low. Ebola spreads through direct contact with body fluids. If an infected person’s blood or vomit gets in another person’s eyes, nose or mouth, the virus may be transmitted. Although Ebola does not cause respiratory problems, a cough from a sick person could infect someone who has been sprayed with saliva. Because of that, being within three feet of a patient for a prolonged time without protective clothing is considered to be direct contact. Specialists at Emory University Medical Center in Atlanta have also found that the virus is present on a patient’s skin after symptoms develop, underlining how contagious the disease is once symptoms set in. The virus can survive for several hours on surfaces, so any object contaminated with bodily fluids may spread the disease. According to the C.D.C., the virus can survive for a few hours on dry surfaces like doorknobs and countertops and can survive for several days in puddles or other collections of body fluid. Bleach solutions can kill it. In the current outbreak, most new cases are occurring among people who have been taking care of sick relatives or who have prepared an infected body for burial. Health care workers are at high risk.

 

V- ________________ There are currently no drugs or vaccines approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat or prevent Ebola, and in past outbreaks the virus has been fatal in 60 percent to 90 percent of cases. An experimental drug called ZMapp might help infected patients, but the drug is unproven and is no longer available. The World Health Organization suggests that blood from Ebola survivors might be used to treat others, but there is no proof that such a treatment alone would work. The United States government plans to fasttrack development of a vaccine shown to protect macaque monkeys, but there is no guarantee it will be effective in humans. Beyond this, all physicians can do is try to nurse people through the illness, using fluids and medicines to maintain blood pressure, and treat other infections that often strike their weakened bodies. A small percentage of people appear to have an immunity to the Ebola virus.

Adapted from New York Times OCT. 14, 2014

 

Match columns A and B, according to the sections from the text above.

 

SECTION I ( )           A - Are there drugs to treat or prevent Ebola?

SECTION II ( )           B - How contagious is the virus?

SECTION III ( )           C - How many Health Care Workers have contracted Ebola?

SECTION IV ( )           D - Where does the disease come from?

SECTION V ( )           E - How many Ebola patients are being treated outside West Africa?

 

Now, choose the right combination.

Tick the alternative which fills in the following sentence appropriately.

 

“Members of Congress are ___ by the people.”

Tick the alternative which contains the CORRECT set of statements in relation to the charts above.

 

I. All books in the Fantasy genre include vampires in their title and/or subtitles.

 

II. Harry Potter’ series appears in only one of the above lists of the Most Popular Book Series.

 

III. Mortal Instruments appears twice on the lists of the Most Popular Book Series.

 

IV. AlthoughTwilight is famous for its romantic love story between a human girl and a vampire boy, it figures on the lists above only as a Fantasy genre.

 

V. Suzanne Collins’ series appears as one of the most popular in two different lists.

 

VI. J.R. R. Tolkien books have been included in two of the above lists.

THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows me to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair. I sit ____ the stool and my mother stands ____ me ____ the scissors, trimmimg. The strands fall ____ floor ____ a dull, blond ring. When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and how focused she is. She is well-practiced in the art of losing herself. I can’t say the same of myself. I sneak a look at my reflection when she isn’t paying attention – not for the sake of vanity, but out of curiosity. A lot can happen to a person’s appearance in three months.

 

Tick the alternative which contains the CORRECT set of prepositions to fill in the excerpt from the text.

 

“I sit ___ the stool and my mother stands ___ me ___ the scissors, trimmimg. The strands fall ___ the floor ___ adull, blond ring.”

1.4 Million Ebola Infections Possible by January, U.S. Forecasts

By Reuters

Filed: 9/23/14 at 3:27 PM | Updated: 9/23/14 at 3:41 PM

Extracted from: http://www.newsweek.com/us-forecasts-more-500000-ebola-cases-west-africa-272763

 

 

 1 NEW YORK/GENEVA (Reuters) - Global experts issued stark new warnings of the scale of West Africa's Ebola outbreak on Tuesday, with the U.S. government estimating between 550,000 and 1.4 million people might be infected in the region by January.

 

2 The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said its projection was based on data from late August and did not take into account a planned U.S. mission to fight the disease, so the upper end of the forecast was unlikely.

 

3 However, it followed research by experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Imperial College, which estimated that 20,000 people risked infection within six weeks – months earlier than previous forecasts. It warned that the disease might become a permanent feature of life in West Africa.

 

4 The worst Ebola outbreak on record has already killed over 2,800 people –more than the combined total of all previous outbreaks. The disease has marched across much of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, killing dozens of health workers and crippling economies recovering from years of conflict.

 

5 Outbreaks in Nigeria and Senegal appear for now to have been contained. But nations across the region fear contagion and, against expert advice,  have shuttered borders and restricted travel,complicating international efforts to fight the disease.

 

6"I am confident the direst projections will not come to pass," CDC director Dr. Thomas Frieden told reporters.

 

7"Asurge now can break the back of the epidemic," Frieden said. "If you get enough people effectively isolated, the epidemic can be stopped."

 

8 Amid complaints from aid workers and regional leaders that the world was doing too little, U.S. President Barack Obama last week announced plans to send 3,000 troops to build 17 treatment centers and train thousands of healthcare workers.

 

9 The U.S. move has been welcomed, but it was accompanied by calls for other nations to follow suit, since the disease was still spreading faster than the moves being made to contain it.

 

10 Underscoring this gap, a senior U.N. official in Liberia, the worst-hit nation, said on Tuesday that 150 foreign experts were in the country but another 600 to 700 were needed.

 

11 Antonio Vigilante, head of the U.N. Development Programme in Liberia, said Liberia now had 350 to 400 beds for Ebola patients, but that fell far short of the 2,000 needed.

 

12 "We have announcements that more will come but very small numbers," Vigilante added. "The American military are bringing in a camp hospital, but it is for 25 beds with medical staff.And so there are still very few. Even if we are at 2,000 beds two or three weeks from now, the cases we\\\'ll have in any single day may be more than that," he said.

 

13 Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf called the CDC predictions "horrendous" and "scary." But now that structures had been put in place, she said, the U.S. effort would help ensure the outbreak would decline as fast as it spread.

 

14 "I believe that, given another couple of weeks, we shall see that this major effort begins to show results," she said, via Skype to an audience at Georgetown University inWashington, DC.

 

15 In a bid to fill the void, Liberia is now planning to train some 40,000 community workers.

A melhor tradução para o português do parágrafo 15, \\'\\'In a bid to fill the void, Liberia is now planning to train some 40,000 community workers\\'\\' é

1.4 Million Ebola Infections Possible by January, U.S. Forecasts

By Reuters

Filed: 9/23/14 at 3:27 PM | Updated: 9/23/14 at 3:41 PM

Extracted from: http://www.newsweek.com/us-forecasts-more-500000-ebola-cases-west-africa-272763

 

 

 1 NEW YORK/GENEVA (Reuters) - Global experts issued stark new warnings of the scale of West Africa's Ebola outbreak on Tuesday, with the U.S. government estimating between 550,000 and 1.4 million people might be infected in the region by January.

 

2 The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said its projection was based on data from late August and did not take into account a planned U.S. mission to fight the disease, so the upper end of the forecast was unlikely.

 

3 However, it followed research by experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Imperial College, which estimated that 20,000 people risked infection within six weeks – months earlier than previous forecasts. It warned that the disease might become a permanent feature of life in West Africa.

 

4 The worst Ebola outbreak on record has already killed over 2,800 people –more than the combined total of all previous outbreaks. The disease has marched across much of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, killing dozens of health workers and crippling economies recovering from years of conflict.

 

5 Outbreaks in Nigeria and Senegal appear for now to have been contained. But nations across the region fear contagion and, against expert advice,  have shuttered borders and restricted travel,complicating international efforts to fight the disease.

 

6"I am confident the direst projections will not come to pass," CDC director Dr. Thomas Frieden told reporters.

 

7"Asurge now can break the back of the epidemic," Frieden said. "If you get enough people effectively isolated, the epidemic can be stopped."

 

8 Amid complaints from aid workers and regional leaders that the world was doing too little, U.S. President Barack Obama last week announced plans to send 3,000 troops to build 17 treatment centers and train thousands of healthcare workers.

 

9 The U.S. move has been welcomed, but it was accompanied by calls for other nations to follow suit, since the disease was still spreading faster than the moves being made to contain it.

 

10 Underscoring this gap, a senior U.N. official in Liberia, the worst-hit nation, said on Tuesday that 150 foreign experts were in the country but another 600 to 700 were needed.

 

11 Antonio Vigilante, head of the U.N. Development Programme in Liberia, said Liberia now had 350 to 400 beds for Ebola patients, but that fell far short of the 2,000 needed.

 

12 "We have announcements that more will come but very small numbers," Vigilante added. "The American military are bringing in a camp hospital, but it is for 25 beds with medical staff.And so there are still very few. Even if we are at 2,000 beds two or three weeks from now, the cases we\\\'ll have in any single day may be more than that," he said.

 

13 Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf called the CDC predictions "horrendous" and "scary." But now that structures had been put in place, she said, the U.S. effort would help ensure the outbreak would decline as fast as it spread.

 

14 "I believe that, given another couple of weeks, we shall see that this major effort begins to show results," she said, via Skype to an audience at Georgetown University inWashington, DC.

 

15 In a bid to fill the void, Liberia is now planning to train some 40,000 community workers.

Reading paragraphs 11 and 12, one can state that