Questões de Inglês

STICKERNOMICS

Football albums

Got, got, got, got, got, need  

[1]   THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults)  

the race to complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini, an Italian firm, has produced  

sticker albums for World Cups since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to collect. Collecting  

them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the value of  

[5] statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.  

  When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they come in packs of five) has a 640/640  

probability of being needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack and finding a sticker you  

want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of Geneva, the  

number of sticker packs that you would have to buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack  

[10] after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock to the market (the theft of hundreds of 

thousands of stickers in Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of cards).  

  It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini says that each sticker is printed in the same  

volumes and randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and Velenik gamely played the role of  

“regulator” by checking the distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in Switzerland for that year’s  

[15] World Cup. Out of their sample of 6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on average  

(6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.  

  Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs as an individual (not to mention bloody  

expensive for the parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to swap their unwanted stickers.  

The playground is one version of this market, where a child who has a card prized by many suddenly  

[20] understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The  

more people who can be attracted into the market with their duplicate cards, the better the chances of finding  

the sticker you want.  

  Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute sticker-swappers would need a mere  

1,435 packs between them to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of Panini’s practice of selling  

[25] the final 50 missing stickers to order. Internet forums, where potentially unlimited numbers of people can  

swap stickers, make this number fall even further. The idea of a totally efficient market should dismay Panini,  

which will sell fewer packs as a result. But as in all markets, behaviour is not strictly rational. Despite  

entreaties, your correspondent’s son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of Lionel Messi.  

Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-need-stickernomics Acesso: 13/ago/2014 

Assinale a opção em que a construção verbal está na voz ativa.

STICKERNOMICS

Football albums

Got, got, got, got, got, need  

[1]   THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults)  

the race to complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini, an Italian firm, has produced  

sticker albums for World Cups since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to collect. Collecting  

them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the value of  

[5] statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.  

  When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they come in packs of five) has a 640/640  

probability of being needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack and finding a sticker you  

want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of Geneva, the  

number of sticker packs that you would have to buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack  

[10] after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock to the market (the theft of hundreds of 

thousands of stickers in Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of cards).  

  It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini says that each sticker is printed in the same  

volumes and randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and Velenik gamely played the role of  

“regulator” by checking the distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in Switzerland for that year’s  

[15] World Cup. Out of their sample of 6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on average  

(6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.  

  Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs as an individual (not to mention bloody  

expensive for the parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to swap their unwanted stickers.  

The playground is one version of this market, where a child who has a card prized by many suddenly  

[20] understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The  

more people who can be attracted into the market with their duplicate cards, the better the chances of finding  

the sticker you want.  

  Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute sticker-swappers would need a mere  

1,435 packs between them to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of Panini’s practice of selling  

[25] the final 50 missing stickers to order. Internet forums, where potentially unlimited numbers of people can  

swap stickers, make this number fall even further. The idea of a totally efficient market should dismay Panini,  

which will sell fewer packs as a result. But as in all markets, behaviour is not strictly rational. Despite  

entreaties, your correspondent’s son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of Lionel Messi.  

Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-need-stickernomics Acesso: 13/ago/2014 

De acordo com o texto, 

STICKERNOMICS

Football albums

Got, got, got, got, got, need  

[1]   THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults)  

the race to complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini, an Italian firm, has produced  

sticker albums for World Cups since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to collect. Collecting  

them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the value of  

[5] statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.  

  When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they come in packs of five) has a 640/640  

probability of being needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack and finding a sticker you  

want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of Geneva, the  

number of sticker packs that you would have to buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack  

[10] after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock to the market (the theft of hundreds of 

thousands of stickers in Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of cards).  

  It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini says that each sticker is printed in the same  

volumes and randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and Velenik gamely played the role of  

“regulator” by checking the distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in Switzerland for that year’s  

[15] World Cup. Out of their sample of 6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on average  

(6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.  

  Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs as an individual (not to mention bloody  

expensive for the parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to swap their unwanted stickers.  

The playground is one version of this market, where a child who has a card prized by many suddenly  

[20] understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The  

more people who can be attracted into the market with their duplicate cards, the better the chances of finding  

the sticker you want.  

  Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute sticker-swappers would need a mere  

1,435 packs between them to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of Panini’s practice of selling  

[25] the final 50 missing stickers to order. Internet forums, where potentially unlimited numbers of people can  

swap stickers, make this number fall even further. The idea of a totally efficient market should dismay Panini,  

which will sell fewer packs as a result. But as in all markets, behaviour is not strictly rational. Despite  

entreaties, your correspondent’s son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of Lionel Messi.  

Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-need-stickernomics Acesso: 13/ago/2014 

O autor do texto

I. atribui ao roubo de milhares de figurinhas no Brasil a dificuldade para compra e troca entre colecionadores.

II. deprecia as estratégias do Grupo Panini para comercializar álbuns de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo.

III. descreve o mercado de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo e apresenta aos colecionadores possibilidades de obtenção de figurinhas.

Está(ão) correta(s)  

IRON MAN DESIGNERS TO BUILD BODY ARMOUR FOR US ARMY

Hollywood special effect team is working on a new Iron Man 'agile exoskeleton' for US soldiers  

[1]   The Oscar-nominated special effects team behind the Iron Man suit has been contracted to design  

body armour for the US military.  

  Legacy Effects, a Hollywood design studio based in California, has previously worked on power suits  

for films such as RoboCop, Captain America, The Terminator and Iron Man. Now, the company is building  

[5] body armour equipped with an "agile exoskeleton" that will allow soldiers to carry hundreds of pounds of  

equipment, the Wall Street Journal reports.  

  "We are trying to be revolutionary," said Mike Fieldson, who manages the US military project known as  

the Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit (Talos).  

  Three prototypes have been presented to the Pentagon by teams of bioengineers, technologists and  

[10] a Canadian company that studies insect and animal exoskeletons. The prototypes will contribute to the  

creation of a new generation of body armour which the US Special Operations Command aims to complete  

within four years.  

  The suits are designed to protect soldiers from bullets, explosions and bayonet attacks.  

  Legacy Effects admits that bringing an Iron Man to life presents significant challenges. For one thing, a  

[15] real-life version of the suit would add extra bulk to a soldier limiting his or her agility. Also, the company  

estimates that the Iron Man suit would probably weigh about 180kg, and would need to be supported by a 

mobile exoskeleton, but "none of the exoskeletons in the industry are capable of moving that much weight",  

SlashGear reports.  

  Russ Angold of Ekso Bionics, a company that designs exoskeletons for medical use, says that power  

[20] armour in films offer an unrealistic model, so engineers are presently trying to make the suits more practical.  

"Hollywood has definitely made the Iron Man suit impossibly thin, impossibly light, impossibly agile and  

impossibly energy efficient. So we're really trying to solve the problem and ask the question: What would Iron  

Man look like if it was real?"  

  The US military has so far spent about $10 million on Talos, prompting the armed services committee  

[25] to request a briefing on the project to ensure taxpayer money is not being wasted.  

  "Will you ever have an Iron Man? I don't know," said Brian Dowling, a former soldier involved in the  

project. "But you'll have some greatly improved technology along the way".  

Fonte: http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/59323/iron-man-designers-to-build-body-armour-for-us-army Acesso: 13/ago/2014 

A vestimenta idealizada no projeto Talos deverá satisfazer apenas uma das condições abaixo: 

IRON MAN DESIGNERS TO BUILD BODY ARMOUR FOR US ARMY

Hollywood special effect team is working on a new Iron Man 'agile exoskeleton' for US soldiers  

[1]   The Oscar-nominated special effects team behind the Iron Man suit has been contracted to design  

body armour for the US military.  

  Legacy Effects, a Hollywood design studio based in California, has previously worked on power suits  

for films such as RoboCop, Captain America, The Terminator and Iron Man. Now, the company is building  

[5] body armour equipped with an "agile exoskeleton" that will allow soldiers to carry hundreds of pounds of  

equipment, the Wall Street Journal reports.  

  "We are trying to be revolutionary," said Mike Fieldson, who manages the US military project known as  

the Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit (Talos).  

  Three prototypes have been presented to the Pentagon by teams of bioengineers, technologists and  

[10] a Canadian company that studies insect and animal exoskeletons. The prototypes will contribute to the  

creation of a new generation of body armour which the US Special Operations Command aims to complete  

within four years.  

  The suits are designed to protect soldiers from bullets, explosions and bayonet attacks.  

  Legacy Effects admits that bringing an Iron Man to life presents significant challenges. For one thing, a  

[15] real-life version of the suit would add extra bulk to a soldier limiting his or her agility. Also, the company  

estimates that the Iron Man suit would probably weigh about 180kg, and would need to be supported by a 

mobile exoskeleton, but "none of the exoskeletons in the industry are capable of moving that much weight",  

SlashGear reports.  

  Russ Angold of Ekso Bionics, a company that designs exoskeletons for medical use, says that power  

[20] armour in films offer an unrealistic model, so engineers are presently trying to make the suits more practical.  

"Hollywood has definitely made the Iron Man suit impossibly thin, impossibly light, impossibly agile and  

impossibly energy efficient. So we're really trying to solve the problem and ask the question: What would Iron  

Man look like if it was real?"  

  The US military has so far spent about $10 million on Talos, prompting the armed services committee  

[25] to request a briefing on the project to ensure taxpayer money is not being wasted.  

  "Will you ever have an Iron Man? I don't know," said Brian Dowling, a former soldier involved in the  

project. "But you'll have some greatly improved technology along the way".  

Fonte: http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/59323/iron-man-designers-to-build-body-armour-for-us-army Acesso: 13/ago/2014 

A empresa Legacy Effects 

IRON MAN DESIGNERS TO BUILD BODY ARMOUR FOR US ARMY

Hollywood special effect team is working on a new Iron Man 'agile exoskeleton' for US soldiers  

[1]   The Oscar-nominated special effects team behind the Iron Man suit has been contracted to design  

body armour for the US military.  

  Legacy Effects, a Hollywood design studio based in California, has previously worked on power suits  

for films such as RoboCop, Captain America, The Terminator and Iron Man. Now, the company is building  

[5] body armour equipped with an "agile exoskeleton" that will allow soldiers to carry hundreds of pounds of  

equipment, the Wall Street Journal reports.  

  "We are trying to be revolutionary," said Mike Fieldson, who manages the US military project known as  

the Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit (Talos).  

  Three prototypes have been presented to the Pentagon by teams of bioengineers, technologists and  

[10] a Canadian company that studies insect and animal exoskeletons. The prototypes will contribute to the  

creation of a new generation of body armour which the US Special Operations Command aims to complete  

within four years.  

  The suits are designed to protect soldiers from bullets, explosions and bayonet attacks.  

  Legacy Effects admits that bringing an Iron Man to life presents significant challenges. For one thing, a  

[15] real-life version of the suit would add extra bulk to a soldier limiting his or her agility. Also, the company  

estimates that the Iron Man suit would probably weigh about 180kg, and would need to be supported by a 

mobile exoskeleton, but "none of the exoskeletons in the industry are capable of moving that much weight",  

SlashGear reports.  

  Russ Angold of Ekso Bionics, a company that designs exoskeletons for medical use, says that power  

[20] armour in films offer an unrealistic model, so engineers are presently trying to make the suits more practical.  

"Hollywood has definitely made the Iron Man suit impossibly thin, impossibly light, impossibly agile and  

impossibly energy efficient. So we're really trying to solve the problem and ask the question: What would Iron  

Man look like if it was real?"  

  The US military has so far spent about $10 million on Talos, prompting the armed services committee  

[25] to request a briefing on the project to ensure taxpayer money is not being wasted.  

  "Will you ever have an Iron Man? I don't know," said Brian Dowling, a former soldier involved in the  

project. "But you'll have some greatly improved technology along the way".  

Fonte: http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/59323/iron-man-designers-to-build-body-armour-for-us-army Acesso: 13/ago/2014 

O projeto Talos