Questões de Inglês

Drought-Stricken São Paulo Battles Dengue Fever Outbreak Hundreds Infected With Mosquito-Borne Virus

By
ROGERIO JELMAYER and
LORETTA CHAO
Updated March 3, 2015 6:44 p.m. ET

SÃO PAULO, Brazil—Inhabitants of this megacity, suffering through the worst drought in decades, have unwittingly contributed to an outbreak of dengue fever by storing scarce water in open containers.

The tropical mosquito-borne virus, which often results in high fever, intense muscle pain and convulsions, has killed at least 17 people in São Paulo state in the first six weeks of 2015. That’s up from just three deaths through mid-February of 2014, according to national health officials. Suspected cases have surged tenfold to 51,849 over the same period.

Dengue is a persistent problem in Brazil, particularly during the peak of the rainy season, which is January and February in the nation’s populous southeast. But health officials blame human behavior for this year’s surge. While drought-ravaged São Paulo has yet to declare official water rationing, the main water utility has reduced pressure in the pipes to force conservation, a strategy that has cut off running water to millions of customers for hours, even days at a stretch. Residents have responded by hoarding water in open buckets, watering cans and other makeshift containers. Paradoxically, they’ve created a water-borne paradise for mosquitoes to breed in the midst of an epic drought.

“It’s worrying now because it’s hard to control how people store water,” said Jose Gomes Temporao, former health minister and executive director of South American Institute of Government in Health. “This creates a risk not just for dengue but for chikungunya,” another mosquito-borne virus that cause fever, rashes and joint pains that can last for months, even years.

The outbreak has sparked panic in the city of São Paulo, where 563 cases of the disease have been confirmed through midFebruary, a 163% increase from the same period a year ago. Health officials have dispatched some 2,500 agents to go door-todoor and educate residents on prevention measures, such as filling potted plants with sand, keeping containers dry and swimming pools covered.

Local media have featured photos of pro soccer players being doused with bug spray before venturing into matches. Residents are snapping up repellent, mosquito netting, insect zappers and foggers in a bid to keep the mosquitoes from biting.

At Grupo Pão de Açúcar, Brazil’s largest retailer, sales of insecticides increased 11% in January and February, versus the same period of 2014, a spokeswoman said. Small merchants, too, are reporting strong demand for drought-related wares. Sales of bottled water and repellent are up 20% over the past three months, according to Fabio Hideki,who owns a small market near São Paulo’s city center. He said particularly hot sellers are cartridges of insecticide that plug into a wall socket that can last for up to 45 days.

“People are afraid of dengue,” he said. “They are very concerned 28 out mosquitoes.”

Conditions are even worse in some parts of São Paulo state. More than 1,600 cases have been reported in recent days in Soracaba, a city of about 600,000 residents located 60 miles west of São Paulo, leading officials there to declare it an “epidemic.”

Soracaba resident Tania Pascole said she and her 19-year-old son are slathering on bug spray to ward off dengue-carrying mosquitoes.

“Everyone has a friend or a family member who’s gotten the disease,” the 44-year-old secretary said. “We’ve always been careful, but this year we’re taking extra precautions. We apply repellent basically all day. Thank God, my son and I haven’t been infected.”

Other families haven’t been so fortunate. Renata Ferreira Correa Fabri lost her 45-year-old sister to the disease on Saturday.

A resident of Limeira, about 90 miles northwest of São Paulo, Ms. Fabri said her sister,Paula Ferreira Correa Ponte, went to the hospital last week complaining of body aches. Doctors suspected Ms. Ponte had dengue and sent her home under orders to hydrate and rest. But her condition worsened, Ms. Fabri said, and her sister was readmitted to the hospital, where she died of cardiac arrest.

The grief-stricken family is now scrambling to figure out how to care for Paula’s 5-year-old son, who is now an orphan.

( sourcehttp://www.wsj.com/articles/drought-stricken-sao-paulobattles-dengue-fever-outbreak-1425420508 )

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The Amazon Rural Economy and the Social Way Cooperative

NASCIMENTO, Celso , TORRES, Iraildes & NETO, Diogo

    (…) Our survey happened in rural Village called Nossa Senhora Aparecida, in the District of Coari, highlights the work of cooperative Community Association of Rural Producers of Community Nossa Senhora Aparecida, which is called for the popular name of Aproducida. In an interview with one of the leaders of the community we were told that "the cooperative was founded in 1999 because we realized that we were (…) behind with the sale of our products to a Japanese. We sold to him at a price well below and he resold with goodwill" (Lucivânia, 35 years, interview/ 2013). (…)

    The formation of the community Nossa Senhora Aparecida dates back to the late 1970s, when a group of people who have ties of kinship was moved from the rural area of the municipality of Manacapuru, in the State of Amazonas, in the rural area of the municipality of Coari, where it was built new relationships with the place, founding the new community. (…)

    About the reasons that drove the creation of the cooperative in the community Nossa Senhora Aparecida, the Aproducida’s Executive Officer revealed "it’s for the residents have a financial life better with a participative management. It’s also a way of organizing the community itself" (Damian Mota, interview/ 2013). Another subject of the research says that solved to organize themselves into a cooperative "for our community be strong, strengthen collectively in order to claim more" (Lucio Barbosa, 61 years, interview/ 2013). Organize the community through cooperativism implies adoption of principles, objectives, methods and methodology, referring to the construction of a new organizational culture. (…)

    In the case of cooperative, the principles of democracy and solidarity are central in the organizational venture level. In cooperativism popular workers are directly involved in the management of business. (…) Singer (2002, p. 9), however, pays attention to the fact that "the solidarity in the Social Economy can only be carried out if it’s also organized by that associate themselves to produce, to sell, to consume or to save. The key to this proposal is the association between equal instead of contract between unequal". The Social Economy affects the life of the community and with the organizational structure of families. When we questioned about the interference of the cooperative community, Lucivânea Barbosa (35 years) said that "changed the way of life. All are earning money" (interview/ 2013). Another interviewee said that "gave a turning point in our lives, we have a better financial life (…) more appropriate. Everyone has made improvements in their homes, has their engines, all have canoes"(Francinete Mota, interview/ 2013).(…)

Fonte: Adapted from Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Vol. 5. July, 2014. In: http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/3129/3085. Acessado em 23/08/2014.

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The Amazon Rural Economy and the Social Way Cooperative

NASCIMENTO, Celso , TORRES, Iraildes & NETO, Diogo

    (…) Our survey happened in rural Village called Nossa Senhora Aparecida, in the District of Coari, highlights the work of cooperative Community Association of Rural Producers of Community Nossa Senhora Aparecida, which is called for the popular name of Aproducida. In an interview with one of the leaders of the community we were told that "the cooperative was founded in 1999 because we realized that we were (…) behind with the sale of our products to a Japanese. We sold to him at a price well below and he resold with goodwill" (Lucivânia, 35 years, interview/ 2013). (…)

    The formation of the community Nossa Senhora Aparecida dates back to the late 1970s, when a group of people who have ties of kinship was moved from the rural area of the municipality of Manacapuru, in the State of Amazonas, in the rural area of the municipality of Coari, where it was built new relationships with the place, founding the new community. (…)

    About the reasons that drove the creation of the cooperative in the community Nossa Senhora Aparecida, the Aproducida’s Executive Officer revealed "it’s for the residents have a financial life better with a participative management. It’s also a way of organizing the community itself" (Damian Mota, interview/ 2013). Another subject of the research says that solved to organize themselves into a cooperative "for our community be strong, strengthen collectively in order to claim more" (Lucio Barbosa, 61 years, interview/ 2013). Organize the community through cooperativism implies adoption of principles, objectives, methods and methodology, referring to the construction of a new organizational culture. (…)

    In the case of cooperative, the principles of democracy and solidarity are central in the organizational venture level. In cooperativism popular workers are directly involved in the management of business. (…) Singer (2002, p. 9), however, pays attention to the fact that "the solidarity in the Social Economy can only be carried out if it’s also organized by that associate themselves to produce, to sell, to consume or to save. The key to this proposal is the association between equal instead of contract between unequal". The Social Economy affects the life of the community and with the organizational structure of families. When we questioned about the interference of the cooperative community, Lucivânea Barbosa (35 years) said that "changed the way of life. All are earning money" (interview/ 2013). Another interviewee said that "gave a turning point in our lives, we have a better financial life (…) more appropriate. Everyone has made improvements in their homes, has their engines, all have canoes"(Francinete Mota, interview/ 2013).(…)

Fonte: Adapted from Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Vol. 5. July, 2014. In: http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/3129/3085. Acessado em 23/08/2014.

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Artisanal Work in Contemporary Societies:

realities, changes and challenges

Paulo F. Keller (Federal University of Maranhão)

    (…)The artisanal production occurs under natural conditions specifically with buriti plantation. For some crafstwomen the buriti palm tree appears as a gift of the nature. From the buriti palm tree the artisan obtains the raw material called buriti fiber. The subsistence of crafstwomen and the artisan communities are possible both by the artisanal workforce in a search for survival at precarious conditions and the relatively abundant buriti plantation.

    (…) Originally, the local artisans in the Lençois Maranhenses National Park were used to produce useful craft objects like hammocks and handbags mainly for personal and domestic use. The growing of the market-oriented handicraft production in that region is caused by many factors such as unemployment, the situation of the subsistence economy in the domestic agriculture, and mainly the increasing of the local tourism industry in the last decades.

    Nowadays the Artecoop cooperative is composed of about twenty five associated crafstwomen. The crafstwomen associated with Artecoop share the same social economic conditions of local artisan communities. (…)

    There are situations that crafstwomen complement the domestic economy and situations that the only income comes from the craft activity like when the crafstwomen are single mothers who support their children producing crafts. (…)

Fonte: www.rc44labour.org/wp-content/.../keller.pdf. Acessado em 22/08/2014.

Leia o Texto abaixo para responder à questão.

Artisanal Work in Contemporary Societies:

realities, changes and challenges

Paulo F. Keller (Federal University of Maranhão)

    (…)The artisanal production occurs under natural conditions specifically with buriti plantation. For some crafstwomen the buriti palm tree appears as a gift of the nature. From the buriti palm tree the artisan obtains the raw material called buriti fiber. The subsistence of crafstwomen and the artisan communities are possible both by the artisanal workforce in a search for survival at precarious conditions and the relatively abundant buriti plantation.

    (…) Originally, the local artisans in the Lençois Maranhenses National Park were used to produce useful craft objects like hammocks and handbags mainly for personal and domestic use. The growing of the market-oriented handicraft production in that region is caused by many factors such as unemployment, the situation of the subsistence economy in the domestic agriculture, and mainly the increasing of the local tourism industry in the last decades.

    Nowadays the Artecoop cooperative is composed of about twenty five associated crafstwomen. The crafstwomen associated with Artecoop share the same social economic conditions of local artisan communities. (…)

    There are situations that crafstwomen complement the domestic economy and situations that the only income comes from the craft activity like when the crafstwomen are single mothers who support their children producing crafts. (…)

Fonte: www.rc44labour.org/wp-content/.../keller.pdf. Acessado em 22/08/2014.

Read the following text about the question.

Jane Eyre story (Charlotte Brontë)

My story ends. […]
And then, I saw the house. The house had no roof. Its walls were burnt and black. Nobody was living
there. I looked at the burnt, black house. I had seen this before. I had seen it in a dream! I was frightened.
Where was Edward Rochester? […]
‘I must go to Ferndean immediately.’
I got out of the carriage near Ferndean. I walked to the house. I Knocked on the door. A servant opened
it. I knew her.
‘Oh, Miss Eyre! You have come,’ she said. ‘Mr. Rochester’s bell,’ the woman said. ‘He wants some
candles.’ There were two candles on a table near the door. The woman lit them and she pecked them up.
‘Mr. Rochester is blind, but he always burns candles in his room in the evenings,’ she said.
‘Give the candles tome,’ I said. ‘I will take them to him.’[…]
‘I know that voice. And I know this little hand,’ Mr. Rochester said. ‘Is that you Jane?’
‘Yes, Sir, I have found you at last,’ I said. ‘I will never leave you again.’ Then I told Mr. Rochester my
story.
‘Why did you leave your cousins, Jane?’ Mr. Rochester asked. ‘Why did you come back to me? I am
blind. I have only one hand.’
‘I will have a wife, Edward,’ I said. ‘I will be your wife. I will marry you. I loved you very much at
Thornfield Hall. Now I love you more.’
Mr. Rochester and I got married. After a time, his eyes were better. He could see a little. He saw the face
of our first child! My dear Edward and I are very happy.