Questões de Inglês

Who would have thought it? The Aedes

aegypti mosquito, a vector of dengue, zika and

chikungunya does have a good side. Researchers at

the University of São Paulo, USP, have discovered

5 anti-inflammatory substances in its saliva capable

of controlling immunity and treating intestinal

diseases, such as ulcerative colitis – in rodents, at

least.

The study, which took place at USP\'s Faculty

10 of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Ribeirão Preto,

gave rise to a doctoral thesis and an article

published in the scientific journal International

Immunopharmacology.

Researchers will now attempt to identify

15 the exact molecules in the saliva that have this

therapeutic action. According to the immunologist

who supervised the study, there is a "cocktail" of

substances in the saliva of the Aedes aegypti that

are still being identified. Once these molecules

20 have been identified, the aim is to extract them

and synthesize them in a laboratory, in order

to then study them in clinical trials with human

participants.

A professor at USP\'s Institute of Biomedical

25 Sciences is trying to raise funds to create a

company that would perform the pre-clinical trials

– testing on non-human animals, before the drugs

are tested on humans. After the identification and

sequencing of the molecule, production can either

30 be carried out using "biofabrics", made from fungi

or bacteria, or artificial synthesizers, depending on

the complexity of the molecule.

According to the professor , the new drug based on

mosquito saliva was also successful in the treatment

35 of diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis and

multiple sclerosis. As with ulcerative colitis, both

of these diseases have a significant inflammatory

element.

Disponível em: <www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/enscienceandhealth/2016/03/1745824-researchers-discover-that-mosquito-saliva-has-antiinflammatory-properties.shtml>. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2016. Adaptado.

 

The phrase from the text has not been suitably defined in

Who would have thought it? The Aedes

aegypti mosquito, a vector of dengue, zika and

chikungunya does have a good side. Researchers at

the University of São Paulo, USP, have discovered

5 anti-inflammatory substances in its saliva capable

of controlling immunity and treating intestinal

diseases, such as ulcerative colitis – in rodents, at

least.

The study, which took place at USP\'s Faculty

10 of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Ribeirão Preto,

gave rise to a doctoral thesis and an article

published in the scientific journal International

Immunopharmacology.

Researchers will now attempt to identify

15 the exact molecules in the saliva that have this

therapeutic action. According to the immunologist

who supervised the study, there is a "cocktail" of

substances in the saliva of the Aedes aegypti that

are still being identified. Once these molecules

20 have been identified, the aim is to extract them

and synthesize them in a laboratory, in order

to then study them in clinical trials with human

participants.

A professor at USP\'s Institute of Biomedical

25 Sciences is trying to raise funds to create a

company that would perform the pre-clinical trials

– testing on non-human animals, before the drugs

are tested on humans. After the identification and

sequencing of the molecule, production can either

30 be carried out using "biofabrics", made from fungi

or bacteria, or artificial synthesizers, depending on

the complexity of the molecule.

According to the professor , the new drug based on

mosquito saliva was also successful in the treatment

35 of diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis and

multiple sclerosis. As with ulcerative colitis, both

of these diseases have a significant inflammatory

element.

Disponível em: <www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/enscienceandhealth/2016/03/1745824-researchers-discover-that-mosquito-saliva-has-antiinflammatory-properties.shtml>. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2016. Adaptado.

 

In the study mentioned in the text, researchers have found that the saliva of the Aedes aegypti mosquito

Researchers have used a £1,250 system to create a range of organic compounds and inorganic clusters – some of which are used to create cancer treatments.

Longer term, the scientists say the process could be used to make customised medicines. They predict the technique will be used by pharmaceutical firms within five years, and by the public within 20.

"We are showing that you can take chemical constituents, pass them through a printer and create what is effectively a chemical synthesiser in which the reaction occurs allowing you to get out something different at the end," researcher Mark Symes told the BBC.

"We\'re extrapolating from that to say that in the future you could buy common chemicals, slot them into something that 3D prints, just press a button to mix the ingredients and filter them through the architecture and at the bottom you would get out your prescription drug."

\'Revolutionising healthcare\'

The 3D printing process involves the use of a robotically controlled syringe which builds an object out of a gel-based "ink", into which chemicals and catalysts are mixed.

"Chemists normally put chemicals in glassware to create a reaction," said Prof Lee Cronin, who came up with the idea.

"What we are doing is mixing the concept of the glassware and the chemicals together in the 3D printer to create what we call \'reactionware\'.

"It\'s almost like a cake – you print the last reactionary agent first and then build other chemical layers above, finally adding a liquid at the top. The liquid goes to layer one making a new molecule which goes to the next layer creating another and so on until at the bottom you get your prescription drug out."

Until now the researchers have used bathroom sealant to create their reactor, and the substances created have not been suitable for human consumption.

But the scientists say their next step is to switch ingredients and replicate drugs already available in pharmacies. They also hope to work with engineers to increase the printer\'s speed and resolution.

If successful, they say doctors and individuals could ultimately download pre-set recipes and even tailor medicines to their individual needs.

"This would not only place traditionally expensive chemical engineering technology within reach of typical laboratories and small commercial enterprises, but also could revolutionise access to healthcare and the chemical sciences in general in 10 the developing world," they wrote in a paper published in the Nature Chemistry journal.

Fonte: BBC News, 18/04/ 2012

According to the scientists, the next step in order to continue developing 3D printing technology would be…

Researchers have used a £1,250 system to create a range of organic compounds and inorganic clusters – some of which are used to create cancer treatments.

Longer term, the scientists say the process could be used to make customised medicines. They predict the technique will be used by pharmaceutical firms within five years, and by the public within 20.

"We are showing that you can take chemical constituents, pass them through a printer and create what is effectively a chemical synthesiser in which the reaction occurs allowing you to get out something different at the end," researcher Mark Symes told the BBC.

"We\'re extrapolating from that to say that in the future you could buy common chemicals, slot them into something that 3D prints, just press a button to mix the ingredients and filter them through the architecture and at the bottom you would get out your prescription drug."

\'Revolutionising healthcare\'

The 3D printing process involves the use of a robotically controlled syringe which builds an object out of a gel-based "ink", into which chemicals and catalysts are mixed.

"Chemists normally put chemicals in glassware to create a reaction," said Prof Lee Cronin, who came up with the idea.

"What we are doing is mixing the concept of the glassware and the chemicals together in the 3D printer to create what we call \'reactionware\'.

"It\'s almost like a cake – you print the last reactionary agent first and then build other chemical layers above, finally adding a liquid at the top. The liquid goes to layer one making a new molecule which goes to the next layer creating another and so on until at the bottom you get your prescription drug out."

Until now the researchers have used bathroom sealant to create their reactor, and the substances created have not been suitable for human consumption.

But the scientists say their next step is to switch ingredients and replicate drugs already available in pharmacies. They also hope to work with engineers to increase the printer\'s speed and resolution.

If successful, they say doctors and individuals could ultimately download pre-set recipes and even tailor medicines to their individual needs.

"This would not only place traditionally expensive chemical engineering technology within reach of typical laboratories and small commercial enterprises, but also could revolutionise access to healthcare and the chemical sciences in general in 10 the developing world," they wrote in a paper published in the Nature Chemistry journal.

Fonte: BBC News, 18/04/ 2012

According to the text, “reactionware” means…

Researchers have used a £1,250 system to create a range of organic compounds and inorganic clusters – some of which are used to create cancer treatments.

Longer term, the scientists say the process could be used to make customised medicines. They predict the technique will be used by pharmaceutical firms within five years, and by the public within 20.

"We are showing that you can take chemical constituents, pass them through a printer and create what is effectively a chemical synthesiser in which the reaction occurs allowing you to get out something different at the end," researcher Mark Symes told the BBC.

"We\'re extrapolating from that to say that in the future you could buy common chemicals, slot them into something that 3D prints, just press a button to mix the ingredients and filter them through the architecture and at the bottom you would get out your prescription drug."

\'Revolutionising healthcare\'

The 3D printing process involves the use of a robotically controlled syringe which builds an object out of a gel-based "ink", into which chemicals and catalysts are mixed.

"Chemists normally put chemicals in glassware to create a reaction," said Prof Lee Cronin, who came up with the idea.

"What we are doing is mixing the concept of the glassware and the chemicals together in the 3D printer to create what we call \'reactionware\'.

"It\'s almost like a cake – you print the last reactionary agent first and then build other chemical layers above, finally adding a liquid at the top. The liquid goes to layer one making a new molecule which goes to the next layer creating another and so on until at the bottom you get your prescription drug out."

Until now the researchers have used bathroom sealant to create their reactor, and the substances created have not been suitable for human consumption.

But the scientists say their next step is to switch ingredients and replicate drugs already available in pharmacies. They also hope to work with engineers to increase the printer\'s speed and resolution.

If successful, they say doctors and individuals could ultimately download pre-set recipes and even tailor medicines to their individual needs.

"This would not only place traditionally expensive chemical engineering technology within reach of typical laboratories and small commercial enterprises, but also could revolutionise access to healthcare and the chemical sciences in general in 10 the developing world," they wrote in a paper published in the Nature Chemistry journal.

Fonte: BBC News, 18/04/ 2012

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentence: Basically, the 3D printing process involves the use of (…)

Researchers have used a £1,250 system to create a range of organic compounds and inorganic clusters – some of which are used to create cancer treatments.

Longer term, the scientists say the process could be used to make customised medicines. They predict the technique will be used by pharmaceutical firms within five years, and by the public within 20.

"We are showing that you can take chemical constituents, pass them through a printer and create what is effectively a chemical synthesiser in which the reaction occurs allowing you to get out something different at the end," researcher Mark Symes told the BBC.

"We\'re extrapolating from that to say that in the future you could buy common chemicals, slot them into something that 3D prints, just press a button to mix the ingredients and filter them through the architecture and at the bottom you would get out your prescription drug."

\'Revolutionising healthcare\'

The 3D printing process involves the use of a robotically controlled syringe which builds an object out of a gel-based "ink", into which chemicals and catalysts are mixed.

"Chemists normally put chemicals in glassware to create a reaction," said Prof Lee Cronin, who came up with the idea.

"What we are doing is mixing the concept of the glassware and the chemicals together in the 3D printer to create what we call \'reactionware\'.

"It\'s almost like a cake – you print the last reactionary agent first and then build other chemical layers above, finally adding a liquid at the top. The liquid goes to layer one making a new molecule which goes to the next layer creating another and so on until at the bottom you get your prescription drug out."

Until now the researchers have used bathroom sealant to create their reactor, and the substances created have not been suitable for human consumption.

But the scientists say their next step is to switch ingredients and replicate drugs already available in pharmacies. They also hope to work with engineers to increase the printer\'s speed and resolution.

If successful, they say doctors and individuals could ultimately download pre-set recipes and even tailor medicines to their individual needs.

"This would not only place traditionally expensive chemical engineering technology within reach of typical laboratories and small commercial enterprises, but also could revolutionise access to healthcare and the chemical sciences in general in 10 the developing world," they wrote in a paper published in the Nature Chemistry journal.

Fonte: BBC News, 18/04/ 2012

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentence: Scientists predict the technique will be used by (…)