Questões de Inglês

Instrução: As questões 58 a 66 estão relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

[1] Identity is about belonging, about what

you have in common with some people and

what differentiates you from the others. At its

most basic it gives you a sense of personal

[5] location, the stable core to your individuality.

But it is also about your social relationships,

your complex involvement with others, and in

the modern world these have become even

more complex and confusing. Each of us lives

[10] with a variety of potentially contradictory

identities, which battle within us ........

allegiance: as men or women, black and

white, straight or gay, able-bodied or

disabled. The list if potentially infinite, and so

[15] therefore are our possible belongings. Which

of them we focus on, bring to the fore,

“identify” with, depends on a host of factors.

At the center, however, are the values we

share with others.

[20] Identities are not neutral. ........ the quest

for identity are different, and often conflicting

values. By saying who we are, we are also

striving to express what we are, what we

believe and what we desire.(…)

[25] All this makes debates over values

particularly fraught and delicate: they are not

simply speculations ........ the world and our

place in it; they touch on fundamental, and

deeply felt issues about who we are and what

[30] we want to become. They also pose political

questions: how to achieve reconciliation

between our collective needs as human

beings and our specific needs as individuals

and members of diverse communities, how to

[35] balance the universal and the particular.

These are not new questions, but they are

likely, nevertheless, to loom ever-larger as we

engage with the certainty of uncertainty that

characterizes ‘new times’.

[40] The basic issue can be stated ........

simply: by what criteria can we choose

between the conflicting claims of differences?

To ask the question immediately underlines

the poverty of our thinking about this. Can

[45] the rights of a group obliterate the rights of

an individual? Should the morality of one

sector be allowed to limit the freedom of

others? To what extent should one particular

definition of the good and the just prevail

[50] over others? These are ancient questions, but

the alarming fact is that one still lacks a

common language for addressing them, let

alone resolving them.

WEEKS, J. The Value of Difference. In: RUTHEFORD, J. ed. Identity, Culture, Difference. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. p. 88.

Assinale a alternativa que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas das linhas 11, 20, 27 e 40.

Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Don’t Set Goals: Use Systems

Have you already set your goals for the New Year? Do you want to lose 10 kilos, run a marathon or speak fluent English? Some experts believe that you need systems, not goals. A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable). For example, don’t focus on losing 10 kilos, focus on shopping for healthy food and cooking something light every day. Don’t focus on the marathon; focus on the training schedule. Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!

Disponível em: <https://tinytexts.wordpress.com/>. Acesso em: junho de 2015.

According to the text we can state that:

I. In order to achieve something you should focus on your actions.

II. In order to achieve something you should eat healthy food every day.

III. In order to achieve something you should set your systems for the New Year.

IV. In order to achieve something you should take one step at a time.

Read the text and answer the question.

Life stress may lead to cognitive developmental delays in children

According to a new study, children living in harsh or unstable environments are more likely to experience learning and cognitive delays by age 4.

Researchers examined the cortisol levels and cognitive delays of 201 children from low-income families in the northeastern United States. It was found that those kids with higher levels of cortisol experienced harsh or insensitive caregiving.

"We discovered that exposure to specific forms of family adversity when children were 2 years old predicted their cortisol profile, which in turn was linked with notable differences in children´s cognitive functioning at age 4," the researchers say.

Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=100733>. Acesso em: 16/06/15.

According to the research, we can state that:

I. Children who are more stressed may have cognitive delay.

II. Children who are stresser may have developmental delays.

III. Children from more rich families were evaluated in this research.

IV. Children from richer families were evaluated in this research.

V. Children from poorer families were evaluated in this research.

Read the text and choose the best alternative for the underlined word.

Pictures of Ascent in the Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe.

By Douglas Anderson.

New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2009. xi, 201 pp. $ 80.00.

The material world and the ability to transcend it are at the heart of this study of Edgar Allan Poe’s writings. In chapters

such as “Problems of Disposal” and “The Gravity of Things,” Anderson contrasts the “weight of living” present in Poe’s

life and work with, in Italo Calvino’s words, the “lightness of thoughtfulness.” This book provides a taxonomy of Poe’s literary

imagination through suggestive literary analyses of the fictive environments that inhabit and undergird his stories,

and it expands the purview of Poe studies as well as of nineteenth-century American literature.

Available in: <http://americanliterature.dukejournals.org/content/82/3/663.full.pdf>. Access on: August 2015.

Taxonomy means

Read the text below:

Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy

According to a recent study by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, a diet rich in processed food and fat leads not only to excess weight but also to less motivation. Researchers found that rats on a junk food diet were significantly fatter than rats on a healthy diet. But the rats with the unhealthy diet also were less active and mentally slower. "Our data suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness. Either the highly processed diet causes fatigue or the diet causes obesity, which causes fatigue," says lead researcher Aaron Blaisdell.

Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=94296>. Acesso em: abril de 2015.

According to the text, it is possible to state that:

I. Rats which ate healthy food were thinner than the ones which ate junk food.

II. Laziness is a consequence from obesity.

III. Obesity can be considered as an effect of laziness.

IV. Less motivation is one of the causes which make junk food ingestion attractive.

V. Rats on a healthy diet were more active.

Read the text and choose the CORRECT alternative.

Big Ben’s Culture

Big Ben is a focus of New Year celebrations in the UK, with radio and TV stations tuning to its chimes to welcome the 'official' start of the year. Similarly, on Remembrance Day, the chimes of Big Ben are broad-cast to mark the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month and the start of two minutes silence.

For many years ITN's "News at Ten" began with an opening sequence which featured Big Ben with the chimes punctuating the announcement of the news headlines. This has since been dropped, but all ITV1 and ITV News Channel bulletins still use a graphic based on the Westminster clock face. Big Ben can al-so be heard striking the hour before some news bulletins on BBC Radio 4 and the BBC World Service, a practice that began on December 31, 1923.

The clock features in John Buchan's spy novel The Thirty-Nine Steps and makes for a memorable climax in Don Sharp's 1978 film version, although not in Alfred Hitchcock's 1935 original adaptation. A similar scene is recreated in the 2003 film, Shanghai Knights which culminates with Jackie Chan hanging from the hands of the clock. The clock also appears in the animated cartoon Basil, the Great Mouse Detective.

An earlier film climax on the clock face of Big Ben appears in Will Hay's 1943 film My Learned Friend, alt-hough the scene is more slapstick than thriller.

Available in: <http://saberingles.com.ar/reading/big-ben.html>. Access in: julho de 2015.

( ) People can watch and listen to Big Ben’s chimes for New Year celebrations on radio and TV stations in the UK.

( ) All news channels start with an opening sequence from Big Ben’s chimes.

( ) Big Ben is featured in Alfred Hitchcock’s The Thirty-nine Steps.

( ) You can see Big Ben in the Great Mouse Detective.

( ) A thriller scene from My Learned Friend shows the face of Big Ben.

The CORRECT alternative is: