Questões de Inglês

Read the following text to answer question

 

Dishonesty Only Provides Short-Term Benefits

Dan Ariely

Dan Ariely is the James B. Duke professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and the coproducer of "Dishonesty: The Truth About Lies." He is on Twitter.

Updated September 29, 2015, 3:22 AM

 

Is honesty for suckers? If by “suckers” you mean people who care about others and the social good, then yes, it is. If by “suckers” you mean people who care about the long-term aspects of their business (see the drop in stock price of Volkswagen) then yes, it is. And if by “suckers” you mean people who care about the meaning of their brand (I own a Volkswagen Golf and I don’t think I will ever be able to look at it again in the same way) than yes again. Any business with long-terms plans needs a culture of honesty to deter cheating and help maintain the pool of social trust. The bottom line is that dishonesty can be a good strategy for someone who is trying to maximize short-term profits. So, if you plan to stay around just for a short while, maybe it can be a profitable approach. But, if you have any long-terms plans it is important for your business to create a culture of honesty that will help the employees overcome short-term incentives for dishonesty and keep them in line with the long-term best interest of the company and society.

company and society.

And there is one more thing to consider, which is that when an individual or a company acts dishonestly, they

pollute the trust pool -- they erode the social trust we have in one another -- and we are all worse for it. This is why

we are, and need to be, outraged with Volkswagen, and why their act is not just about their cars – it is a betrayal of

the social trust, and the trust fallout I suspect will have an impact on all German manufacturers and all car makers.

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Topics: Culture, corruption, morality

Source: benefits> (Adapted)

According to the Webster's College Dictionary (2001, p. 1222), one of the informal meanings of the word sucker is "a person easily cheated, deceived, or imposed upon". Despite its meaning, it is correct to state that the word sucker in the first paragraph is associated with:

TEXTO:

    Scientists claim to have solved the mystery of why

zebras have their characteristic black and white stripes.

    There have been many theories to explain the

zebra’s unmistakable stripes. Scientists have suggested

[5] that each zebra has a unique pattern that lets other

animals recognize it. Or that the mass of black and white

in a vast herd provides confusing camouflage that puts

off predators.

    But the team that carried out the present study set

[10] out to test exactly what effect the stripes had on a zebra’s

most irritating and widespread enemy - the blood-sucking

horsefly. As part of their experiment the team put

sticky horse models — one white, one black and one

zebra-striped — into a fly-infested field. When they

[15] collected the flies that had landed and stuck to each of

the models, they found that the model zebra attracted

by far the fewest flies.

    The researchers think that zebras had a blackcoated

ancestor, which evolved its white stripes in an

[20] evolutionary arms race, with an insect that’s become

the biting, disease-carrying plague of most horse herds.

WHY zebras have stripes. Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/10737443/Why-do-Zebras-have-stripes-Scientistsclaim- to-have-the-answer.html>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.

Considering language use um the text, it’s correct to say:

TEXTO:

 

    Scientists claim to have solved the mystery of why

zebras have their characteristic black and white stripes.

    There have been many theories to explain the

zebra’s unmistakable stripes. Scientists have suggested

[5] that each zebra has a unique pattern that lets other

animals recognize it. Or that the mass of black and white

in a vast herd provides confusing camouflage that puts

off predators.

    But the team that carried out the present study set

[10] out to test exactly what effect the stripes had on a zebra’s

most irritating and widespread enemy - the blood-sucking

horsefly. As part of their experiment the team put

sticky horse models — one white, one black and one

zebra-striped — into a fly-infested field. When they

[15] collected the flies that had landed and stuck to each of

the models, they found that the model zebra attracted

by far the fewest flies.

    The researchers think that zebras had a blackcoated

ancestor, which evolved its white stripes in an

[20] evolutionary arms race, with an insect that’s become

the biting, disease-carrying plague of most horse herds.

WHY zebras have stripes. Disponível em: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/earth/wildlife/10737443/Why-do-Zebras-have-stripes-Scientistsclaim-to-have-the-answer.html. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.

 

The ’s in “that’s become” (l. 20) is the

TEXTO:

    Scientists claim to have solved the mystery of why

zebras have their characteristic black and white stripes.

    There have been many theories to explain the

zebra’s unmistakable stripes. Scientists have suggested

[5] that each zebra has a unique pattern that lets other

animals recognize it. Or that the mass of black and white

in a vast herd provides confusing camouflage that puts

off predators.

    But the team that carried out the present study set

[10] out to test exactly what effect the stripes had on a zebra’s

most irritating and widespread enemy - the blood-sucking

horsefly. As part of their experiment the team put

sticky horse models — one white, one black and one

zebra-striped — into a fly-infested field. When they

[15] collected the flies that had landed and stuck to each of

the models, they found that the model zebra attracted

by far the fewest flies.

    The researchers think that zebras had a blackcoated

ancestor, which evolved its white stripes in an

[20] evolutionary arms race, with an insect that’s become

the biting, disease-carrying plague of most horse herds.

WHY zebras have stripes. Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/10737443/Why-do-Zebras-have-stripes-Scientistsclaim- to-have-the-answer.html>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.

The only statement that is not true about horseflies is that they

TEXTO:

    Scientists claim to have solved the mystery of why

zebras have their characteristic black and white stripes.

    There have been many theories to explain the

zebra’s unmistakable stripes. Scientists have suggested

[5] that each zebra has a unique pattern that lets other

animals recognize it. Or that the mass of black and white

in a vast herd provides confusing camouflage that puts

off predators.

    But the team that carried out the present study set

[10] out to test exactly what effect the stripes had on a zebra’s

most irritating and widespread enemy - the blood-sucking

horsefly. As part of their experiment the team put

sticky horse models — one white, one black and one

zebra-striped — into a fly-infested field. When they

[15] collected the flies that had landed and stuck to each of

the models, they found that the model zebra attracted

by far the fewest flies.

    The researchers think that zebras had a blackcoated

ancestor, which evolved its white stripes in an

[20] evolutionary arms race, with an insect that’s become

the biting, disease-carrying plague of most horse herds.

WHY zebras have stripes. Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/10737443/Why-do-Zebras-have-stripes-Scientistsclaim- to-have-the-answer.html>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.

The present study supports the hypothesis that zebras’ striped pattern

TEXTO:

    Scientists claim to have solved the mystery of why

zebras have their characteristic black and white stripes.

    There have been many theories to explain the

zebra’s unmistakable stripes. Scientists have suggested

[5] that each zebra has a unique pattern that lets other

animals recognize it. Or that the mass of black and white

in a vast herd provides confusing camouflage that puts

off predators.

    But the team that carried out the present study set

[10] out to test exactly what effect the stripes had on a zebra’s

most irritating and widespread enemy - the blood-sucking

horsefly. As part of their experiment the team put

sticky horse models — one white, one black and one

zebra-striped — into a fly-infested field. When they

[15] collected the flies that had landed and stuck to each of

the models, they found that the model zebra attracted

by far the fewest flies.

    The researchers think that zebras had a blackcoated

ancestor, which evolved its white stripes in an

[20] evolutionary arms race, with an insect that’s become

the biting, disease-carrying plague of most horse herds.

WHY zebras have stripes. Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/10737443/Why-do-Zebras-have-stripes-Scientistsclaim- to-have-the-answer.html>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

Among the many theories that try to explain why zebras have stripes, the text mentions the following ones:

 

(  ) Groups of zebras share the same pattern of stripes aiming to facilitate communication with one another.

(  ) Each zebra has its own distinctive pattern so as to be easily identified by members of the herd.

(  ) When getting together in large groups, their black and white stripes disorient predators and prevent them from approaching.

(  ) The swinging movement of their black and white stripes scare predators, which mistake them for fierce wild animals.

 

The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is