Questões de Inglês

Embracing Open Data in Field-Driven Sciences

By Rebecca Fowler 10 March 2016

https://eos.org/opinions/embracing-open-data-in-field-driven-sciences

Climate change and the other complex issues facing our planet require the application of vast amounts of data,  information, and knowledge to be fully understood. No single scientist or organization has all of the data, tools, or capabilities to do this work; only by bringing diverse research communities together around shared data and information will these problems be addressed.

However, ecology, geology, and the other sciences that depend on field observations pose special challenges for data and sample sharing. These disciplines often rely on time-sensitive, perishable data and samples that are temporally and spatially unique: the observations of an ash plume evolving or the samples amassed during a research cruise to assess the impacts of an oil spill.

 

These challenges have caused field-driven sciences to be slow in making data accessible and reproducible. To keep research on the leading edge of discovery, data and sample sharing in the field sciences must evolve to become common practice.

Allowing data to be reused and research results to be replicated fosters innovation, high-quality research, and public trust in science.

No que se refere a dados, o texto permite saber que

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Cell Phone Alerts Ring Out in Manhunt for NYC Bomber

by Jeff John Roberts September 19, 2016

http://fortune.com/2016/09/19/phone-carriers-rahami/ Acessado em

28/09/2016. Adaptado para fins educacionais.

 

It was a strange way to start the day. My work phone screamed out a noise that sounded like an air raid siren, flashing a message saying “WANTED.” Seconds later, my personal cell phone howled with the same message. The alerts, received by millions of others in and near New York City, announced the search for bombing suspect Ahmad Rahami, who is wanted in association with a bomb blast in Manhattan on Saturday night. The alerts also represented something else: the first digital manhunt of this scale to take place in the New York City.

While law enforcement has long used digital billboards, along with radio and TV stations, to alert the public about a suspect, this is the first time the modern equivalent of a “wanted” posted has appeared in everyone\'s pocket.

One strange feature about the alert is that it doesn\'t actually include a picture of Rahami, but instead instructs the recipient to “See media for pic.” It\'s not immediately clear why the phone carriers didn\'t transmit a picture with the alert. I\'ve reached out to AT&T and Verizon to find out if the decision not to send an image is related to technology, or is a policy decision.

The wanted message is the first of its kind, but cell phone carriers have issued similar alerts (complete with the siren noise) on a number of previous occasions. The most common of these is for “Amber Alerts,” which advise people about missing or abducted children. This kind of alert represents an unprecedented form of crowd-sourced law enforcement that could prove extremely effective, but may also raise questions about privacy and civil liberties if they become used on a regular basis.

A partir da leitura do texto, pode-se afirmar que

A tabela apresenta dados de 2014 e uma projeção do crescimento das economias para 2050. A partir da tabela e de seus conhecimentos, é correto afirmar que

            Here’s how long you can work before your brain ¹shuts down

 

  I’m having a hard time starting this article. According to research out of the University of Melbourne, that might be because I’m middle-aged and work too much. Economists determined that burning the midnight oil makes you, well, dumber.” Our study highlights that too much work can have adverse effects on cognitive functioning,” they conclude.

  Tell us something we didn’t know. Who hasn’t, at the end of a seemingly endless workweek, found themselves staring blankly at their computer screen or into space unable to remember what they had for lunch, let alone form a coherent thought about the task at hand?

  For some employees, of course – the average resident 2 physician or, these days, that “3 gig economy” worker who makes ends meet by banging away at multiple projects – long hours are a fact of modern working life. And there’s a cost. Medical researchers have shown that working too much can affect employees’ physical and mental health.

  So how much is too much? For people age 40 and older, working up to roughly 25 hours per week boosts memory, the ability to quickly process information and other aspects of cognitive function, according to the study, which drew on a longitudinal survey that tracks the well-being of 6,000 Australians. Beyond 25 hours a week, the middle-aged brain doesn’t work as well, the study indicates, noting that the findings apply to both men and women.

http://tinyurl.com/j4os8ck Acesso em: 24.08.2016. Adaptado.

Glossário

¹ to shut down: parar de operar/funcionar.

² physician: médico.

³ gig economy: ambiente de trabalho baseado em empregos temporários e contratos de curta duração.

O pronome relativo that, em “that tracks the well-being of 6,000 Australians”, pode ser corretamente substituído, sem alteração do sentido original, por

            Here’s how long you can work before your brain ¹shuts down

 

  I’m having a hard time starting this article. According to research out of the University of Melbourne, that might be because I’m middle-aged and work too much. Economists determined that burning the midnight oil makes you, well, dumber.” Our study highlights that too much work can have adverse effects on cognitive functioning,” they conclude.

  Tell us something we didn’t know. Who hasn’t, at the end of a seemingly endless workweek, found themselves staring blankly at their computer screen or into space unable to remember what they had for lunch, let alone form a coherent thought about the task at hand?

  For some employees, of course – the average resident 2 physician or, these days, that “3 gig economy” worker who makes ends meet by banging away at multiple projects – long hours are a fact of modern working life. And there’s a cost. Medical researchers have shown that working too much can affect employees’ physical and mental health.

  So how much is too much? For people age 40 and older, working up to roughly 25 hours per week boosts memory, the ability to quickly process information and other aspects of cognitive function, according to the study, which drew on a longitudinal survey that tracks the well-being of 6,000 Australians. Beyond 25 hours a week, the middle-aged brain doesn’t work as well, the study indicates, noting that the findings apply to both men and women.

http://tinyurl.com/j4os8ck Acesso em: 24.08.2016. Adaptado.

Glossário

¹ to shut down: parar de operar/funcionar.

² physician: médico.

³ gig economy: ambiente de trabalho baseado em empregos temporários e contratos de curta duração.

Afirma-se, no terceiro parágrafo, que