Questões de Inglês

Susan Calvin had been born in the year 1982, they said, which made her seventy five now. Everyone knew that. Appropriately enough, U. S. Robot and Mechanical Men, Inc. was seventy-five also, since it had been in the year of Dr. Calvin’s birth that Lawrence Robertson had first taken out incorporation papers for what eventually became the strangest industrial giant in man’s history. Well, everyone knew that, too. (…)

She went back to her desk and sat down. She didn’t need expression on her face to look sad, somehow.

“How old are you?” she wanted to know.

“Thirty-two,” I said.

“Then you don’t remember a world without robots.

There was a time when humanity faced the universe alone and without a friend. Now he has creatures to help him; stronger creatures than himself, more faithful, more useful, and absolutely devoted to him. Mankind is no longer alone. Have you ever thought of it that way?”

“I’m afraid I haven’t. May I quote you?”

“You may. To you, a robot is a robot. Gears and metal; electricity and positrons. Mind and iron! Human-made! If necessary, human-destroyed! But you haven’t worked with them, so you don’t know them. They’re a cleaner, better breed than we are.”

(ASIMOV, I. I, Robot. Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett Publications,1950. p. 2-3.)

A respeito da U. S. Robot and Mechanical Men, Inc. é correto afirmar, de acordo com o texto, que essa companhia

Susan Calvin had been born in the year 1982, they said, which made her seventy five now. Everyone knew that. Appropriately enough, U. S. Robot and Mechanical Men, Inc. was seventy-five also, since it had been in the year of Dr. Calvin’s birth that Lawrence Robertson had first taken out incorporation papers for what eventually became the strangest industrial giant in man’s history. Well, everyone knew that, too. (…)

She went back to her desk and sat down. She didn’t need expression on her face to look sad, somehow.

“How old are you?” she wanted to know.

“Thirty-two,” I said.

“Then you don’t remember a world without robots.

There was a time when humanity faced the universe alone and without a friend. Now he has creatures to help him; stronger creatures than himself, more faithful, more useful, and absolutely devoted to him. Mankind is no longer alone. Have you ever thought of it that way?”

“I’m afraid I haven’t. May I quote you?”

“You may. To you, a robot is a robot. Gears and metal; electricity and positrons. Mind and iron! Human-made! If necessary, human-destroyed! But you haven’t worked with them, so you don’t know them. They’re a cleaner, better breed than we are.”

(ASIMOV, I. I, Robot. Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett Publications,1950. p. 2-3.)

De acordo com o texto, pode-se afirmar corretamente que

Leia o trecho do relato de um imigrante ao jornal britânico

The Guardian.I’ve never thought of myself as an immigrant,  although I suppose technically I am one. I’m a British citizen, and happy to be, although, in a deeper sense, I might describe myself, nationally speaking, as homeless – and proud of it. There’s much to be said for the philosophical notion of homelessness or the “other”. I’m committed to my family, to certain moral values, to people who share them, to my work, less so to nations or flags as such. I left Israel for the first time as a boy, in 1967, after the six-day war. I lived in Berkeley, in the US, came back to Israel, left for good as a graduate student and came to study classics in Oxford.

Acesso em: 15.02.2017. Adaptado.

 

De acordo com o texto, o imigrante

Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by problems in processing words into meaningful information. Researchers understand that dyslexia is a problem that arises from difficulties or inefficiencies in the brain in analyzing and processing individual letter sounds (called phonemes) and blending them into words at a speed that allows comprehension and fluency. Thus, the most prominent sign of dyslexia is difficulty in learning to read. Nevertheless, people with dyslexia may have other language related deficits such as problems understanding rapid speech, difficulty in following complex or multi-part instructions, or trouble remembering things in correct sequence.

Reading disorders are the most common type of learning disorder, and dyslexia is the most common reading disorder. Between 15% and 20% of American elementary school children have significant, continuing difficulties with learning to read, reading fluency, and/or reading comprehension, but only about 5% are referred for special help in reading. Of those, between 65% and 75% are boys. Dyslexia occurs in people of all races, and income levels, however, African-American children with dyslexia are more likely to be misdiagnosed and mislabeled as mildly mentally retarded. Dyslexia is not linked to low intelligence (low IQ). Many people with the disorder have average or above average intelligence and show an unexpected difference between achievement and aptitude, although this is not a requirement for a diagnosis of dyslexia.

The underlying cause of dyslexia is not known, although research suggests the condition is often inherited. Using tomography scans and functional magnetic resonance imaging researchers have been able to track the parts of the brain that become active when people with and without dyslexia read. Their general conclusion is that the brains of people with dyslexia are organized differently than those without the disorder and that this different organization results in less concentrated and efficient analysis and processing of the written representation of letter sounds into meaningful information.

Anyone who is suspected to have dyslexia should have a comprehensive evaluation, including hearing, vision, and intelligence testing. How well a person with dyslexia functions in life depends on the degree of disability, the presence of other learning disabilities, and the success of intervention strategies. Prognosis often is good if the dyslexia is diagnosed early, if the child has a strong self image with supportive family, friends, and teachers, and is actively involved in a good, individualized remedial program.

(Adaptado de: Dyslexia. The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 19 ago. 2016.)

 

Leia o trecho a seguir.

 

Dyslexia occurs in people of all races, and income levels, however, African-American children with dyslexia are more likely to be misdiagnosed and mislabeled as mildly mentally retarded.

 

A partir da leitura desse trecho, assinale a alternativa correta.

Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by problems in processing words into meaningful information. Researchers understand that dyslexia is a problem that arises from difficulties or inefficiencies in the brain in analyzing and processing individual letter sounds (called phonemes) and blending them into words at a speed that allows comprehension and fluency. Thus, the most prominent sign of dyslexia is difficulty in learning to read. Nevertheless, people with dyslexia may have other language related deficits such as problems understanding rapid speech, difficulty in following complex or multi-part instructions, or trouble remembering things in correct sequence.

Reading disorders are the most common type of learning disorder, and dyslexia is the most common reading disorder. Between 15% and 20% of American elementary school children have significant, continuing difficulties with learning to read, reading fluency, and/or reading comprehension, but only about 5% are referred for special help in reading. Of those, between 65% and 75% are boys. Dyslexia occurs in people of all races, and income levels, however, African-American children with dyslexia are more likely to be misdiagnosed and mislabeled as mildly mentally retarded. Dyslexia is not linked to low intelligence (low IQ). Many people with the disorder have average or above average intelligence and show an unexpected difference between achievement and aptitude, although this is not a requirement for a diagnosis of dyslexia.

The underlying cause of dyslexia is not known, although research suggests the condition is often inherited. Using tomography scans and functional magnetic resonance imaging researchers have been able to track the parts of the brain that become active when people with and without dyslexia read. Their general conclusion is that the brains of people with dyslexia are organized differently than those without the disorder and that this different organization results in less concentrated and efficient analysis and processing of the written representation of letter sounds into meaningful information.

Anyone who is suspected to have dyslexia should have a comprehensive evaluation, including hearing, vision, and intelligence testing. How well a person with dyslexia functions in life depends on the degree of disability, the presence of other learning disabilities, and the success of intervention strategies. Prognosis often is good if the dyslexia is diagnosed early, if the child has a strong self image with supportive family, friends, and teachers, and is actively involved in a good, individualized remedial program.

(Adaptado de: Dyslexia. The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 19 ago. 2016.)

 

Em relação à dislexia referida no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.

 

I. Há uma relação direta entre o distúrbio e a inteligência da pessoa: quanto menor o QI, maior a incidência de dislexia.

II. O distúrbio afeta a capacidade de aprender outras línguas, já que o disléxico não adquire fluência e apresenta um déficit em memorizar palavras.

III. Uma diferente organização cerebral ocasiona uma dificuldade de processamento da representação escrita dos sons.

IV. A dislexia, o tipo mais frequente de transtorno de leitura, é provavelmente um distúrbio do aprendizado de origem genética.

 

Assinale a alternativa correta

When the marketing team behind Me Before You came up with the hashtag #LiveBoldly to promote this story of a young disabled man considering assisted dying, they could scarcely have predicted that it would be used to expose the movie’s problematic message. “Do you really want us to #LiveBoldly or do you just want us to #diequickly?” asked one commenter during a Twitter Q&A session last week with the film’s star, Sam Claflin. He plays Will, a wealthy former playboy who becomes involved with Lou (Emilia Clarke), a rather eccentric girl. The film portrays the blossoming romance between these two apparently mismatched souls. Lou has full use of her body. Will has been quadriplegic since a road accident several years earlier. Before Lou became his carer, Will decided he wanted to kill himself. The full meaning of the name “Will” becomes clear only after he dies and leaves Lou enough money, he says, for her to swap her timid life for adventure. The problem, according to activists, is this motto applies in this context only to the able-bodied – and comes at the cost of a disabled man’s life. “We have so few opportunities in the media to explore disability”, says the actor and activist Liz Carr, who participated in the protest. “But there is a disproportionate number of stories which relate to the ‘problem’ of disability being solved by death. Television and film seem to love those individuals who want to die. They’re less keen to cover the rest of us who might want to live but are struggling to get the health and social care resources to do so.” The screenplay offers one preventative measure to the charge that it is speaking for all disabled people. “I get that this could be a good life”, says Will. “But it’s not my life. I can’t be the sort of man who accepts this.” Since Will is shown to be strong, determined and uncompromising, it seems clear that the “sort of man” who would put up with a paralyzed body and its demands could only be inferior to him. This problem could be tempered, if not solved, by the presence of just one disabled character to provide some contrast and show that suicide isn’t the only option. But there isn’t one. The film isolates Will entirely, stacking the odds so that the choice to take his own life is made to seem like the logical one. “When non-disabled people talk of suicide, they’re discouraged and offered prevention”, she says. “Even though it’s legal, it’s not seen as desirable. When a disabled person talks of it, though, suddenly the conversation is overtaken with words like ‘choice’ and ‘autonomy’ and people are rushing to uphold these prized principles while talk of prevention and mental health support are rare. Will is not offered any psychiatric support. What kind of message is this that we’re giving disabled people and the non-disabled audiences?” 

(GILBEY, R. I’m not a thing to be pitied’: the disability backlash against Me before You. The Guardian. 2 jun. 2016. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 6 jun. 2016.)

 

Em relação às declarações da atriz Liz Carr presentes no texto, assinale a alternativa correta.