Questões de Inglês

TEXTO:

[1]   The planet, called Proxima b, orbits Proxima

Centauri — the nearest star to our solar system — and

is about 1.3 times bigger than Earth.

  Because Proxima Centauri radiates much less heat

[5] than the Sun, the planet occupies the “habitable zone”

where temperatures are mild enough to allow liquid

surface water.

  Proxima b is only four light years away from Earth

and Professor Abraham Loeb, from Harvard University,

[10] has raised the possibility of humans one day colonizing

the planet. “The lifetime of Proxima is several trillion years,

almost a thousand times longer than the remaining lifetime

of the Sun,” he said. “Hence, a habitable rocky planet

around Proxima would be the most natural location to

[15] where our civilization could aspire to move after the Sun

will die, five billions years from now.” Proxima b is only

7.5 million kilometers from its parent star and it takes

just 11.2 days to complete one orbit.

  Russian billionaire Yuri Milner is planning to send a

[20] fleet of miniature interstellar probes fitted with cameras

there on a 20-year mission to search for alien life. The

£75m Breakthrough Starshot project, which is backed

by Professor Stephen Hawking, aims to launch the tiny

one-gram “nanocraft” towards Proxima Centauri within

[25] the next two to three decades. “It will take 20 years to

reach Proxima and four more years for the photos to get

back to Earth,” he added.

Disponível em: <news.sky.com/story/new-planet-found-which-huma nscould- colonise-10550245>. Acesso em:12 out. 2016. Adaptado.

TEXTO:

[1]   The planet, called Proxima b, orbits Proxima

Centauri — the nearest star to our solar system — and

is about 1.3 times bigger than Earth.

  Because Proxima Centauri radiates much less heat

[5] than the Sun, the planet occupies the “habitable zone”

where temperatures are mild enough to allow liquid

surface water.

  Proxima b is only four light years away from Earth

and Professor Abraham Loeb, from Harvard University,

[10] has raised the possibility of humans one day colonizing

the planet. “The lifetime of Proxima is several trillion years,

almost a thousand times longer than the remaining lifetime

of the Sun,” he said. “Hence, a habitable rocky planet

around Proxima would be the most natural location to

[15] where our civilization could aspire to move after the Sun

will die, five billions years from now.” Proxima b is only

7.5 million kilometers from its parent star and it takes

just 11.2 days to complete one orbit.

  Russian billionaire Yuri Milner is planning to send a

[20] fleet of miniature interstellar probes fitted with cameras

there on a 20-year mission to search for alien life. The

£75m Breakthrough Starshot project, which is backed

by Professor Stephen Hawking, aims to launch the tiny

one-gram “nanocraft” towards Proxima Centauri within

[25] the next two to three decades. “It will take 20 years to

reach Proxima and four more years for the photos to get

back to Earth,” he added.

Disponível em: <news.sky.com/story/new-planet-found-which-huma nscould- colonise-10550245>. Acesso em:12 out. 2016. Adaptado.

TEXTO:

[1]   The planet, called Proxima b, orbits Proxima

Centauri — the nearest star to our solar system — and

is about 1.3 times bigger than Earth.

  Because Proxima Centauri radiates much less heat

[5] than the Sun, the planet occupies the “habitable zone”

where temperatures are mild enough to allow liquid

surface water.

  Proxima b is only four light years away from Earth

and Professor Abraham Loeb, from Harvard University,

[10] has raised the possibility of humans one day colonizing

the planet. “The lifetime of Proxima is several trillion years,

almost a thousand times longer than the remaining lifetime

of the Sun,” he said. “Hence, a habitable rocky planet

around Proxima would be the most natural location to

[15] where our civilization could aspire to move after the Sun

will die, five billions years from now.” Proxima b is only

7.5 million kilometers from its parent star and it takes

just 11.2 days to complete one orbit.

  Russian billionaire Yuri Milner is planning to send a

[20] fleet of miniature interstellar probes fitted with cameras

there on a 20-year mission to search for alien life. The

£75m Breakthrough Starshot project, which is backed

by Professor Stephen Hawking, aims to launch the tiny

one-gram “nanocraft” towards Proxima Centauri within

[25] the next two to three decades. “It will take 20 years to

reach Proxima and four more years for the photos to get

back to Earth,” he added.

Disponível em: <news.sky.com/story/new-planet-found-which-huma nscould- colonise-10550245>. Acesso em:12 out. 2016. Adaptado.

TEXTO:

[1]   “A comprehensive program is needed to prevent and

address obesity in all segments of the population, with a

specific focus on children,” the World Medical Association

(WMA) said. The approach must include initiative on price

[5] and availability of nutritious foods, access to education,

advertising and marketing, information, labeling and other

areas specific to regions and countries.”

  WMA called on governments to consider taxes on

unhealthy foods and sugary drinks, and use the additional

[10] revenue to fund research aimed at preventing childhood

obesity. However, it is advertising that appears to be

concerning world health leaders the most. “Many

advertisements are in conflict with nutritional

recommendations of medical and scientific bodies, with

[15] junk food ads often scheduled for times when there is a

large concentration of child viewers”.

  WMA highlighted the “scientifically proven link”

between the extent of media consumption and adverse

effects of body weight on children. Whether it’s traditional

[20] television marketing or through social networks, video

games and websites, WMA said the ads being used

increase children’s emotional response to brands and

“exploit their trust”. “We know there is a link between the

extent of advertising and childhood obesity, and so we

[25] are recommending that the advertising of non-nutritious

products on television be restricted during programs that

appeal to children.”

  WMA also flagged other interventions, including

reformulation and restrictions on price promotions for

[30] unhealthy foods.

Disponível em: <www.foodnavigator.com/Policy/World-health-lead erspush- for-junk-food-taxes-and-ad-bans>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2016. Adaptado

TEXTO:

[1]   “A comprehensive program is needed to prevent and

address obesity in all segments of the population, with a

specific focus on children,” the World Medical Association

(WMA) said. The approach must include initiative on price

[5] and availability of nutritious foods, access to education,

advertising and marketing, information, labeling and other

areas specific to regions and countries.”

  WMA called on governments to consider taxes on

unhealthy foods and sugary drinks, and use the additional

[10] revenue to fund research aimed at preventing childhood

obesity. However, it is advertising that appears to be

concerning world health leaders the most. “Many

advertisements are in conflict with nutritional

recommendations of medical and scientific bodies, with

[15] junk food ads often scheduled for times when there is a

large concentration of child viewers”.

  WMA highlighted the “scientifically proven link”

between the extent of media consumption and adverse

effects of body weight on children. Whether it’s traditional

[20] television marketing or through social networks, video

games and websites, WMA said the ads being used

increase children’s emotional response to brands and

“exploit their trust”. “We know there is a link between the

extent of advertising and childhood obesity, and so we

[25] are recommending that the advertising of non-nutritious

products on television be restricted during programs that

appeal to children.”

  WMA also flagged other interventions, including

reformulation and restrictions on price promotions for

[30] unhealthy foods.

Disponível em: <www.foodnavigator.com/Policy/World-health-lead erspush- for-junk-food-taxes-and-ad-bans>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2016. Adaptado

TEXTO:

[1]   According to a study published in the Journal of

Nutrition, the caffeine in coffee might offer not just a

momentary mental boost but also longer-term effects on

thinking skills.

[5]   In the study, researchers compared scores on

various tests of thinking skills and memory with caffeine,

alcohol, and nutrient intake in 727 men and women. The

reason you get a quick wakeup call after chugging a

mug of coffee has to do with the way caffeine tricks your

[10] brain. Not only is caffeine a brain stimulant, but it also

blocks receptors for a chemical called adenosine, which

normally prevents the release of excitatory brain

chemicals. With adenosine out of the way, these

brain-sparking chemicals can flow more freely — giving

[15] you a surge of energy and potentially improving mental

performance and slowing age-related mental decline.

  The study showed that people—particularly those

who were ages 70 and over—who took in more caffeine

scored better on tests of mental function, but not on

[20] memory tests or other measures of mental ability.

  When it comes to alcohol, its effects on memory

and thinking skills may depend on how they are measured

and how much you’re drinking. In this study, moderate

alcohol use appeared to improve working memory and

[25] attention — especially in women and in those ages 70

and over. But those benefits could come at the expense

of declines in skills like executive function and global

thinking.

  Excessive drinking, defined as more than two drinks

[30] a day for men or more than one a day for women, is

known to harm the brain. Over time, excessive drinking

can cause everything from short-term memory lapses to

more permanent problems.

  The study also looked at the connection between

[35] diet and mental performance. People who ate foods with

plenty of healthful nutrients had better attention and

memory than participant with poorer diets. A healthy diet

was also linked to good thinking skills in women and

participants under age 70. In particular, foods that are

[40] part of the Mediterranean diet — fruits, vegetables, nuts,

fish, olive oil, and whole grains — show promise for

preserving memory and preventing Alzheimer’s and other

forms of dementia.

WATSON,Women’s health watch.Disponível em: . Acesso em:12 out. 2016.