Questões de Inglês

TEXTO:

  Traffic light-coded food labels indicating how much

fat, salt and sugar an item contains are to appear on

most food that is eaten in Britain in a move hailed by 

health campaigners as ending shoppers’ confusion over 

[5] what to buy. 

  All the main supermarket chains and some of the 

biggest producers of snack food, such as PepsiCo and 

Nestlé, have agreed with ministers to use front-of-pack 

nutritional labels colored red, amber or green on some 

[10] or all of their products in an effort to make it easier for 

consumers to choose healthier options. 

  The traffic-light labels, which many food 

campaigners and medical organizations have long called 

for, will be part of a new hybrid nutritional labeling scheme 

[15] that combines them with guideline daily amounts (GDAs), 

which doctors have criticized as deceptive and utterly 

baffling to most consumers. 

  The new labels are intended to help shoppers know 

at a glance whether a product contains a low (green), 

[20] medium (amber) or high (red) amount of fat, saturated 

fat, salt, sugar and calories. The labels are not designed 

to demonize foods with lots of reds but to have people 

consider what they are eating and make sure it’s part of 

a balanced diet. “Businesses that have signed up to using 

[25] the new label today already account for more than 60% 

of the food that is sold in the UK,” a spokesman added. 

  The UK public health minister, Anna Soubry, said 

shoppers were confused by existing food labels: 

“Research shows that, of all the current schemes, people 

[30] like this [hybrid] label the most and can use the 

information to make healthier choices.” 

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2016.

The main objective of the use of traffic light-coded food labels is to

TEXTO:

  Coffee isn’t just warm and energizing, it may also 

be extremely good for you. In recent years and decades, 

scientists have studied the effects of coffee on various 

aspects of health and their results have been nothing 

[5] short of amazing. 

  Coffee doesn’t just keep you awake, it may literally 

make you smarter as well. The active ingredient in coffee 

is caffeine, which is a stimulant and the most commonly 

consumed psychoactive substance in the world. 

[10] Caffeine’s primary mechanism in the brain is blocking 

the effects of an inhibitory neurotransmitter called 

Adenosine. By blocking the inhibitory effects of 

Adenosine, caffeine actually increases neuronal firing in 

the brain and the release of other neurotransmitters like 

[15] dopamine and norepinephrine. Many controlled trials have 

examined the effects of caffeine on the brain, 

demonstrating that caffeine can improve mood, reaction 

time, memory, vigilance and general cognitive function. 

  There’s a good reason why you will find caffeine in 

[20] most commercial fat burning supplements. Caffeine, 

partly due to its stimulant effect on the central nervous 

system, both raises metabolism and increases the 

oxidation of fatty acids. Caffeine can also improve athletic 

performance by several mechanisms, including by 

[25] mobilizing fatty acids from the fat tissues. 

  Type II diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease 

that has reached epidemic proportions, having increased 

10-fold in a few decades and now afflicting about 300 

million people. In observational studies, coffee has been 

[30] repeatedly associated with a lower risk of diabetes. The 

reduction in risk ranges from 23% all the way up to 67%. 

A massive review article looked at 18 studies with a total 

of 457.922 participants. Each additional cup of coffee 

per day lowered the risk of diabetes by 7%. The more 

[35] coffee people drank, the lower their risk. 

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2016.

“their results have been nothing short of amazing” (l. 4-5)

This sentence means that their results have been

TEXTO:

  Coffee isn’t just warm and energizing, it may also 

be extremely good for you. In recent years and decades, 

scientists have studied the effects of coffee on various 

aspects of health and their results have been nothing 

[5] short of amazing. 

  Coffee doesn’t just keep you awake, it may literally 

make you smarter as well. The active ingredient in coffee 

is caffeine, which is a stimulant and the most commonly 

consumed psychoactive substance in the world. 

[10] Caffeine’s primary mechanism in the brain is blocking 

the effects of an inhibitory neurotransmitter called 

Adenosine. By blocking the inhibitory effects of 

Adenosine, caffeine actually increases neuronal firing in 

the brain and the release of other neurotransmitters like 

[15] dopamine and norepinephrine. Many controlled trials have 

examined the effects of caffeine on the brain, 

demonstrating that caffeine can improve mood, reaction 

time, memory, vigilance and general cognitive function. 

  There’s a good reason why you will find caffeine in 

[20] most commercial fat burning supplements. Caffeine, 

partly due to its stimulant effect on the central nervous 

system, both raises metabolism and increases the 

oxidation of fatty acids. Caffeine can also improve athletic 

performance by several mechanisms, including by 

[25] mobilizing fatty acids from the fat tissues. 

  Type II diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease 

that has reached epidemic proportions, having increased 

10-fold in a few decades and now afflicting about 300 

million people. In observational studies, coffee has been 

[30] repeatedly associated with a lower risk of diabetes. The 

reduction in risk ranges from 23% all the way up to 67%. 

A massive review article looked at 18 studies with a total 

of 457.922 participants. Each additional cup of coffee 

per day lowered the risk of diabetes by 7%. The more 

[35] coffee people drank, the lower their risk. 

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2016.

Coffee is ________ for people who have diabetes.

According to the text, the alternative that completes this blank correctly is

TEXTO:

  Coffee isn’t just warm and energizing, it may also 

be extremely good for you. In recent years and decades, 

scientists have studied the effects of coffee on various 

aspects of health and their results have been nothing 

[5] short of amazing. 

  Coffee doesn’t just keep you awake, it may literally 

make you smarter as well. The active ingredient in coffee 

is caffeine, which is a stimulant and the most commonly 

consumed psychoactive substance in the world. 

[10] Caffeine’s primary mechanism in the brain is blocking 

the effects of an inhibitory neurotransmitter called 

Adenosine. By blocking the inhibitory effects of 

Adenosine, caffeine actually increases neuronal firing in 

the brain and the release of other neurotransmitters like 

[15] dopamine and norepinephrine. Many controlled trials have 

examined the effects of caffeine on the brain, 

demonstrating that caffeine can improve mood, reaction 

time, memory, vigilance and general cognitive function. 

  There’s a good reason why you will find caffeine in 

[20] most commercial fat burning supplements. Caffeine, 

partly due to its stimulant effect on the central nervous 

system, both raises metabolism and increases the 

oxidation of fatty acids. Caffeine can also improve athletic 

performance by several mechanisms, including by 

[25] mobilizing fatty acids from the fat tissues. 

  Type II diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease 

that has reached epidemic proportions, having increased 

10-fold in a few decades and now afflicting about 300 

million people. In observational studies, coffee has been 

[30] repeatedly associated with a lower risk of diabetes. The 

reduction in risk ranges from 23% all the way up to 67%. 

A massive review article looked at 18 studies with a total 

of 457.922 participants. Each additional cup of coffee 

per day lowered the risk of diabetes by 7%. The more 

[35] coffee people drank, the lower their risk. 

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2016.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

About caffeine, the text says:

( ) It decreases metabolism.

( ) It prevents the bad effects of Adenosine.

( ) It lets dopamine and norepinephrine flow into the brain.

( ) It diminishes the oxidation of fatty acids.

The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

TEXTO: 

  Japanese scientists say they have created healthy 

baby mice from eggs they made entirely in the lab using 

a sample of mouse skin cells. The pups born from the 

eggs appeared to be healthy and were able to go on to 

[5] have babies themselves. 

  Experts say the findings offer future hope of artificial

eggs for couples who need fertility treatment. But they 

say many more years of study is needed to make that 

leap to humans. 

[10]   Scientists have already been able to make sperm 

in the lab, but for that feat they used an immature 

embryonic stem cell, which is known to be able to morph 

into any type of cell. Taking a grown-up skin cell and 

getting it to change into an egg is more challenging, say 

[15] experts. The Japanese team, Prof Katsuhiko Hayashi 

and colleagues, took cells from a mouse tail and 

reprogrammed these adult cells back into immature ones. 

Then, they coaxed these immature stem cells to become 

an egg. 

[20]   Not all of the eggs that they made in the lab were 

healthy or viable. But the ones that were could be fertilized 

by sperm in a dish. When these fertilized eggs were put 

into the wombs of adult female mice, they developed 

into apparently healthy babies. 

[25]   Experts warn there are many barriers to using the 

same method in humans. Some are technical, but 

arguably the biggest ones are about safety and ethics. 

Flaws in artificial eggs might be passed on to future 

generations, for example. 

[30]   Prof Azim Surani has been studying how to turn 

human skin cells into the precursors of sperm and eggs 

in his lab. He said: “As far as humans are concerned, we 

are way behind. We can’t be sure the same will apply 

with human cells.” 

ROBERTS, Michelle. Health editor, BBC News online. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2016. 

“Flaws in artificial eggs might be passed on to future generations” (l. 28-29)

This sentence would be the answer to the following question: