Questões de Inglês

Every map you look at is wrong

By Wil Jones in offbeat

Everyone knows what a map of the world looks like, right? It’s probably been burnt into your retinas since your school days.

 

The thing is, the image you think of what the world looks like is actually pretty wrong. How come? Well, as we’re sure you know, the Earth is spherical. That means it is impossible to produce an accurate flat image, showing the layout of countries as they really are. It’s a hard concept to get your head around with an actual globe in front of you.

[https://www.indy100.com/article/every-map-wrong-this-video-explains-why-7459106]. Acessado em 17/01/2017. Modificado para fins educacionais.

 

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Exposure to Blue and Ultraviolet Light, as in Sunlight, Could Boost Immunity

By Stav Ziv On 1/11/17  

 

Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center chose the start of yet another sun-starved winter to publish a study showing that exposure to blue light and ultraviolet light increases the movement of T cells, a key part of the immune system. Sunlight, therefore, could be an immune booster. 

 

The researchers isolated T cells from human blood and mice and grew them in dishes in the laboratory. When they shined either UV or blue light on the cells, the cells became activated and moved more quickly. Although both UV and blue light increased the cells’ movement, focus was given to the potential benefits of blue light for two reasons: UV light is known to cause cancer, and it reaches only the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis. Blue light can reach deeper to the second layer, the dermis, where most of the skin’s T cells are located. If light could spur these immune cells to get to an infection more quickly, it could be leveraged via lamps to boost immunity and help treat skin diseases or even cancer.

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O candidato não conseguiu colocar a foto no passaporte porque 

2016 was the hottest year EVER recorded: Temperatures hit a record high for the third year in a row - and experts say human activity is to blame

Average surface temperatures in 2016 were 0.94ºC (1.69ºF) above the 20th-century average according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

 

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RIP VAN WINKLE SUMMARY

Autor do conto original: Washington Irving

 

  Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old New York gentleman with an interest in

the histories and stories told by the descendants of Dutch settlers in New York

in the early 19th century, narrates the story of a simple, good-natured man

named Rip Van Winkle, who lives in a small village in the Catskills. Though

[5] Rip comes from a family full of chivalrous and militaristically successful men,

he is unconcerned with such things and is chiefly occupied with escaping

his duties to his home and family and avoiding his nagging wife, Dame Van

Winkle. He spends most of his day out of the house with his dog Wolf, where

his wife can’t reach him as easily, either talking with townspeople at the inn,

[10] hunting squirrels, fishing or helping on farms other than his own.

  One day Dame Van Winkle is so persistent in her haranguing pursuit of

Rip that he flees to the woods with his gun and dog. He absently follows a

squirrel high into the Catskill Mountains and ends up taking a nap. Just as the

day’s light is fading and Rip is preparing to go back down the mountain, he

[15] encounters a stranger. The stranger is holding a heavy keg on his back, and

Rip, drawn by some mysterious force, helps the stranger carry the keg to the

top of the mountain where he finds strange men wearing antiquated clothing

playing ninepins (these men are the spirits of Hendrick Hudson and the crew

of the ship Half Moon, though Rip doesn’t know that). Rip is instructed to serve

[20] them a drink that is so enticing that Rip secretly tastes some himself, and

then consumes it immoderately and falls into a deep sleep on the mountain.

  When Rip wakes up he assumes he has slept through the night, and

worries about the backlash he will face from Dame Van Winkle. But soon it

becomes apparent that something strange has happened. The gun by his

[25] side is an old and rusty one, and his beard is now a foot long. His joints

are stiff, and he finds it difficult to climb the mountain. He tries to locate the

peak on which he fell asleep but cannot find it. Wolf is also nowhere to be

found, and after searching for him as long as he could, Rip apprehensively

descends the mountain with the rusty gun, dreading his reunion with his wife.

[30] Though the path is nowhere to be found and the landscape is strange, Rip

successfully makes his way back to the village.

  On the outskirts of the village a group of children – none of whom are

familiar to Rip – chase after him and point at his beard. Rip notices that the

village is now larger and more populated. New houses line the roads and

[35] unfamiliar faces peer out at him from windows. Perplexed, Rip finds his old

house. He expects to hear his wife yelling at him with a sharp voice, but never

does. What’s more, his house is dilapidated, as though no one has tended to

it in a very long time. He sees a dog that resembles Wolf, but the dog is dirty

and emaciated, and does not recognize Rip. He goes to the inn to look for his

[40] old friends and finds in its place the Union Hotel.

  Rip introduced himself to the strangers at the hotel as a “loyal subject

of the king” but this is met with outrage. He discovers that 20 years have

passed since he went up the mountain. The American Revolution has taken

place. His friends and neighbors Nicholas Vedder and Brom Ducher are

[45] dead, and Derrick Van Bummel is working in the newly established American

Congress. His son Rip Van Winkle Jr. has grown up to be just like his father,

and his daughter Judith has married and has a child (Rip Van Winkle III).

The townspeople come to believe Rip’s story on the mountain after his tale is

corroborated and explained by the oldest man in town, Peter Vanderdonk, and

[50] the townsfolk eventually turn their attention back to the upcoming presidential

election. Rip moves in with his daughter and spends the rest of his days living

as he did prior to his disappearance, only now he has no need to worry about

his wife’s intrusion and lives freely and peacefully.

Disponível em:<http://www.licharts.com/lit/rip-van-winkle/summary > Acesso em: 8 mar. 17. (Adaptado.)

 

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Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to it.

 

Most Common Prejudices

 

  What are some of the most common ways

people discriminate against each other? Some of the

areas where people show their intolerance are wellknown,

such as race. But others are less

[5] acknowledged¹, even if more common:

Age: Ageism is more common than you think. Older

people are thought to be inflexible and stuck² in the

past, while younger people are seen as inexperienced

and naive. One-fifth of working adults say they

[10] experience ageism in the workplace.

Class: Classism usually takes the form of

discrimination by wealthier people against those who

are less well off. However, classism goes both ways—

people of lower economic status can see the wealthy

[15] as elite snobs who, while monetarily secure, are

morally bankrupt³.

Color: Different from racism, colorism is discrimination

based only on the color of a person’s skin; how

relatively dark or light they are. Colorism takes place

[20] within and between races. It is common in multi-ethnic

and non-white societies and societies with historical

racial prejudice.

Ability: Usually called ableism, a less well-known form

of prejudice is discrimination against people with visible

[25] disabilities such as those in wheelchairs or with a

learning disability. The disabled face discrimination not

only from their peers⁴, but from institutions, schools,

employers, and landowners⁵ who are hesitant to

accommodate the disabled.

[30] Sex/Gender: Possibly the most universal and long

running prejudice is that based on a person’s gender or

sex. Historically, sexism has placed men in a more

advantageous position than women.

Weight/Size: In short, sizeism is discrimination based

[35] on a person’s body size or weight. Sizeism works with

social standards of beauty and usually takes the form

of discrimination against the overweight — anti-fat

prejudice.

Religion: Religious discrimination and persecution has

[40] been common throughout history. But prejudice based

on religious affiliation doesn’t end with organized

religion; atheists are prone⁶ to discrimination and being

discriminated against.

Sexual Orientation: Most commonly, prejudice based

[45] on sexual orientation includes discrimination against

those of a non-heterosexual orientation. Discrimination

against the non-heterosexual takes many forms

depending on the society. In some societies prejudice

is open and tolerated, but in most Western societies,

[50] bias⁷ against the non-heterosexual is more discreet.

Country of Origin: Nativism is a common form of

discrimination against immigrants to a country. Unlike

many other forms of discrimination, nativism is many

times encouraged and enforced by some public

[55] entities.

Which prejudice do you have? Which prejudice have

you experienced?

Adapted from https://aloftyexistence.wordpress.com

 

Glossary:

1 - acknowledged – reconhecidos (as)

2 - stuck – presos (as)

3 - bankrupt – falidos (as)

4 - peers - pares; colegas

5 - landowners – proprietários (as)

6 - prone – propensos (as)

7 - bias – julgamento ou opinião parcial

Mark the group of uncountable words extracted from the text above.