Questões de Inglês

Florida Confirms Local Zika Cases

July 29, 2016 − It’s here. The Zika virus, which causes grave birth defects and other brain and nerve
disorders, is being spread by mosquitoes in South Florida, officials said Friday.

Active transmission of Zika seems to be occurring in a small, 1-square-mile area just north of
downtown Miami, Florida Gov. Rick Scott told reporters. The four Zika cases under investigation in
[5] Miami-Dade and adjoining Broward County likely came from mosquitoes in the area, he said.

Three cases involve men, and one involves a woman. Scott did not say whether the woman is
pregnant. Zika prevention kits are being distributed in the affected areas, which include Miami’s
Wynwood neighborhood, an emerging arts district. Wynwood is also called “Little San Juan” because
of its high percentage of Puerto Rican residents.

[10] In a press call on Friday, CDC1 Director Tom Frieden, MD, said that, at present, the agency doesn’t
see a reason to advise people − including pregnant women − to stay away from the neighborhood.
Asked why the CDC is cautioning people not to travel to Zika-affected countries and territories, but
not to Florida, Frieden said transmission in Florida is not expected to be as explosive or widespread
as that seen in areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean.

[15]  Studies indicate Zika poses the biggest threat of birth defects when babies are infected during the
early weeks of pregnancy, when organs and tissues are still forming. And evidence is accumulating
that the virus can also cause a spectrum of brain and neurologic problems which may not be
immediately detectable. “We keep hearing that microcephaly is the tip of the iceberg,” he said.
Scott said people who live in the area and want to be tested for Zika should contact their local
[20] health department. He further urged pregnant women to contact their doctors. Still, public health
officials say the development is no reason to panic.

Since the Zika outbreak began last year, 64 countries have reported evidence of mosquito-borne
transmission, according to the WHO. In Brazil, the hardest-hit nation, more than 1,700 cases of a
Zika-linked birth defect called microcephaly have been confirmed in newborns.

[25] The Florida Department of Health has urged residents to protect themselves by draining any places
that could collect standing water inside or outside their homes. They further advised people to
wear protective clothing, including long pants and long sleeves, and to use EPA-approved insect
repellents and mosquito netting.

Adaptado de www.webmd.com

¹ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Florida Confirms Local Zika Cases

July 29, 2016 − It’s here. The Zika virus, which causes grave birth defects and other brain and nerve
disorders, is being spread by mosquitoes in South Florida, officials said Friday.

Active transmission of Zika seems to be occurring in a small, 1-square-mile area just north of
downtown Miami, Florida Gov. Rick Scott told reporters. The four Zika cases under investigation in
[5] Miami-Dade and adjoining Broward County likely came from mosquitoes in the area, he said.

Three cases involve men, and one involves a woman. Scott did not say whether the woman is
pregnant. Zika prevention kits are being distributed in the affected areas, which include Miami’s
Wynwood neighborhood, an emerging arts district. Wynwood is also called “Little San Juan” because
of its high percentage of Puerto Rican residents.

[10] In a press call on Friday, CDC1 Director Tom Frieden, MD, said that, at present, the agency doesn’t
see a reason to advise people − including pregnant women − to stay away from the neighborhood.
Asked why the CDC is cautioning people not to travel to Zika-affected countries and territories, but
not to Florida, Frieden said transmission in Florida is not expected to be as explosive or widespread
as that seen in areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean.

[15]  Studies indicate Zika poses the biggest threat of birth defects when babies are infected during the
early weeks of pregnancy, when organs and tissues are still forming. And evidence is accumulating
that the virus can also cause a spectrum of brain and neurologic problems which may not be
immediately detectable. “We keep hearing that microcephaly is the tip of the iceberg,” he said.
Scott said people who live in the area and want to be tested for Zika should contact their local
[20] health department. He further urged pregnant women to contact their doctors. Still, public health
officials say the development is no reason to panic.

Since the Zika outbreak began last year, 64 countries have reported evidence of mosquito-borne
transmission, according to the WHO. In Brazil, the hardest-hit nation, more than 1,700 cases of a
Zika-linked birth defect called microcephaly have been confirmed in newborns.

[25] The Florida Department of Health has urged residents to protect themselves by draining any places
that could collect standing water inside or outside their homes. They further advised people to
wear protective clothing, including long pants and long sleeves, and to use EPA-approved insect
repellents and mosquito netting.

Adaptado de www.webmd.com

¹ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Florida Confirms Local Zika Cases

July 29, 2016 − It’s here. The Zika virus, which causes grave birth defects and other brain and nerve
disorders, is being spread by mosquitoes in South Florida, officials said Friday.

Active transmission of Zika seems to be occurring in a small, 1-square-mile area just north of
downtown Miami, Florida Gov. Rick Scott told reporters. The four Zika cases under investigation in
[5] Miami-Dade and adjoining Broward County likely came from mosquitoes in the area, he said.

Three cases involve men, and one involves a woman. Scott did not say whether the woman is
pregnant. Zika prevention kits are being distributed in the affected areas, which include Miami’s
Wynwood neighborhood, an emerging arts district. Wynwood is also called “Little San Juan” because
of its high percentage of Puerto Rican residents.

[10] In a press call on Friday, CDC1 Director Tom Frieden, MD, said that, at present, the agency doesn’t
see a reason to advise people − including pregnant women − to stay away from the neighborhood.
Asked why the CDC is cautioning people not to travel to Zika-affected countries and territories, but
not to Florida, Frieden said transmission in Florida is not expected to be as explosive or widespread
as that seen in areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean.

[15]  Studies indicate Zika poses the biggest threat of birth defects when babies are infected during the
early weeks of pregnancy, when organs and tissues are still forming. And evidence is accumulating
that the virus can also cause a spectrum of brain and neurologic problems which may not be
immediately detectable. “We keep hearing that microcephaly is the tip of the iceberg,” he said.
Scott said people who live in the area and want to be tested for Zika should contact their local
[20] health department. He further urged pregnant women to contact their doctors. Still, public health
officials say the development is no reason to panic.

Since the Zika outbreak began last year, 64 countries have reported evidence of mosquito-borne
transmission, according to the WHO. In Brazil, the hardest-hit nation, more than 1,700 cases of a
Zika-linked birth defect called microcephaly have been confirmed in newborns.

[25] The Florida Department of Health has urged residents to protect themselves by draining any places
that could collect standing water inside or outside their homes. They further advised people to
wear protective clothing, including long pants and long sleeves, and to use EPA-approved insect
repellents and mosquito netting.

Adaptado de www.webmd.com

¹ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Brazil: Yellow fever

Brazil: Disease Outbreak News, 24 February 2017

WHO* risk assessment

The growing number of reported cases, the detection of yellow fever circulation in new states, and the
occurrence of epizootics in areas that were previously not considered at risk of yellow fever transmission
indicate that the geographic extent of the outbreak is increasing. Although Brazilian health authorities
have swiftly implemented a series of public health measures to control the outbreak, including mass
[5] vaccination campaigns, it may take some time to reach optimal coverage in some of the areas at risk as
a large portion of the affected populations are dispersed and live in remote locations. It is, therefore,
expected that in the near term additional cases will continue to be detected.
To date, in the three states with laboratory-confirmed yellow fever human cases, there has been no
evidence of transmission by Aedes aegypti; nevertheless, entomological indices in urban centers of these
[10] three states are sufficiently high for sustaining arbovirus transmission, as evidenced by documented
outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreak in late 2016.
The reports of suspected epizootics in the rural areas of states bordering Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia
are a cause of concern as the outbreak may potentially spread to one or more of these countries due
to favourable conditions for yellow fever transmission and suboptimal levels of vaccination coverage.
[15] The introduction of the virus in these countries could potentially trigger large epidemics of yellow fever.
The risk of international spread cannot be formally ruled out but this risk is currently considered to be very
low and limited to unvaccinated travellers returning from affected areas. Viraemic returning travellers
may pose a risk for the establishment of local cycles of yellow fever transmission predominantly in areas
where the competent vector is present.
[20] WHO advice
Advice to travellers planning to visit areas at risk for yellow fever transmission in Brazil includes
vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days prior to the travel; observation of measures to avoid
mosquito bites, awareness of symptoms and signs of yellow fever, promotion of health care seeking
behavior while traveling and upon return from an area at risk for yellow fever transmission.
[25] As per Annex 7 of the IHR ** a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is sufficient to confer sustained immunity
and life-long protection against yellow fever disease. If, on medical ground, a traveller cannot be vaccinated
against yellow fever, this must be certified by the relevant authorities as per Annex 6 and Annex 7 of the IHR.
The WHO Secretariat does not recommend restriction of travel and trade with Brazil on the basis of the
information currently available.
Adapted from who.int, 24/02/2017
*WHO - World Health Organization
**IHR - International Health Report

Brazil: Yellow fever

Brazil: Disease Outbreak News, 24 February 2017

WHO* risk assessment

The growing number of reported cases, the detection of yellow fever circulation in new states, and the
occurrence of epizootics in areas that were previously not considered at risk of yellow fever transmission
indicate that the geographic extent of the outbreak is increasing. Although Brazilian health authorities
have swiftly implemented a series of public health measures to control the outbreak, including mass
[5] vaccination campaigns, it may take some time to reach optimal coverage in some of the areas at risk as
a large portion of the affected populations are dispersed and live in remote locations. It is, therefore,
expected that in the near term additional cases will continue to be detected.
To date, in the three states with laboratory-confirmed yellow fever human cases, there has been no
evidence of transmission by Aedes aegypti; nevertheless, entomological indices in urban centers of these
[10] three states are sufficiently high for sustaining arbovirus transmission, as evidenced by documented
outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreak in late 2016.
The reports of suspected epizootics in the rural areas of states bordering Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia
are a cause of concern as the outbreak may potentially spread to one or more of these countries due
to favourable conditions for yellow fever transmission and suboptimal levels of vaccination coverage.
[15] The introduction of the virus in these countries could potentially trigger large epidemics of yellow fever.
The risk of international spread cannot be formally ruled out but this risk is currently considered to be very
low and limited to unvaccinated travellers returning from affected areas. Viraemic returning travellers
may pose a risk for the establishment of local cycles of yellow fever transmission predominantly in areas
where the competent vector is present.
[20] WHO advice
Advice to travellers planning to visit areas at risk for yellow fever transmission in Brazil includes
vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days prior to the travel; observation of measures to avoid
mosquito bites, awareness of symptoms and signs of yellow fever, promotion of health care seeking
behavior while traveling and upon return from an area at risk for yellow fever transmission.
[25] As per Annex 7 of the IHR ** a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is sufficient to confer sustained immunity
and life-long protection against yellow fever disease. If, on medical ground, a traveller cannot be vaccinated
against yellow fever, this must be certified by the relevant authorities as per Annex 6 and Annex 7 of the IHR.
The WHO Secretariat does not recommend restriction of travel and trade with Brazil on the basis of the
information currently available.
Adapted from who.int, 24/02/2017
*WHO - World Health Organization
**IHR - International Health Report

Brazil: Yellow fever

Brazil: Disease Outbreak News, 24 February 2017

WHO* risk assessment

The growing number of reported cases, the detection of yellow fever circulation in new states, and the
occurrence of epizootics in areas that were previously not considered at risk of yellow fever transmission
indicate that the geographic extent of the outbreak is increasing. Although Brazilian health authorities
have swiftly implemented a series of public health measures to control the outbreak, including mass
[5] vaccination campaigns, it may take some time to reach optimal coverage in some of the areas at risk as
a large portion of the affected populations are dispersed and live in remote locations. It is, therefore,
expected that in the near term additional cases will continue to be detected.
To date, in the three states with laboratory-confirmed yellow fever human cases, there has been no
evidence of transmission by Aedes aegypti; nevertheless, entomological indices in urban centers of these
[10] three states are sufficiently high for sustaining arbovirus transmission, as evidenced by documented
outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreak in late 2016.
The reports of suspected epizootics in the rural areas of states bordering Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia
are a cause of concern as the outbreak may potentially spread to one or more of these countries due
to favourable conditions for yellow fever transmission and suboptimal levels of vaccination coverage.
[15] The introduction of the virus in these countries could potentially trigger large epidemics of yellow fever.
The risk of international spread cannot be formally ruled out but this risk is currently considered to be very
low and limited to unvaccinated travellers returning from affected areas. Viraemic returning travellers
may pose a risk for the establishment of local cycles of yellow fever transmission predominantly in areas
where the competent vector is present.
[20] WHO advice
Advice to travellers planning to visit areas at risk for yellow fever transmission in Brazil includes
vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days prior to the travel; observation of measures to avoid
mosquito bites, awareness of symptoms and signs of yellow fever, promotion of health care seeking
behavior while traveling and upon return from an area at risk for yellow fever transmission.
[25] As per Annex 7 of the IHR ** a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is sufficient to confer sustained immunity
and life-long protection against yellow fever disease. If, on medical ground, a traveller cannot be vaccinated
against yellow fever, this must be certified by the relevant authorities as per Annex 6 and Annex 7 of the IHR.
The WHO Secretariat does not recommend restriction of travel and trade with Brazil on the basis of the
information currently available.
Adapted from who.int, 24/02/2017
*WHO - World Health Organization
**IHR - International Health Report