Questões de Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão

 

Over-stretching? Yoga
  Half a century after the Beatles meditated in Rishikesh, in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas, a new wave of spirituality tourists have arrived for this week’s International Yoga Festival. 
  Some 300 million people now practise yoga around the world, according to the International Yoga Federation. Since it became popular in the West in the 1980s it has moved beyond mere activity; in popular language use, it has become a “lifestyle” – on which Americans spent $16 billion in 2016. The yoga market is growing by 7% a year, while novelty yoga proliferates: hot yoga, beer yoga, naked yoga, goat yoga. 
  Some worry the practice is losing its spirituality and that the Instagram generation has made it about posing not poses. Others think it fills a spiritual vacuum in the irreligious West, where navel-gazing is not a tricky yoga move. Devotees defend its health benefits and positive messages of love, compassion and serenity. A noble position to take. 
(https://espresso.economist.com, 03.03.2018. Adaptado.)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “on which Americans spent $16 billion in 2016”, o termo sublinhado refere-se 

Leia o texto para responder à questão

 

Over-stretching? Yoga
  Half a century after the Beatles meditated in Rishikesh, in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas, a new wave of spirituality tourists have arrived for this week’s International Yoga Festival. 
  Some 300 million people now practise yoga around the world, according to the International Yoga Federation. Since it became popular in the West in the 1980s it has moved beyond mere activity; in popular language use, it has become a “lifestyle” – on which Americans spent $16 billion in 2016. The yoga market is growing by 7% a year, while novelty yoga proliferates: hot yoga, beer yoga, naked yoga, goat yoga. 
  Some worry the practice is losing its spirituality and that the Instagram generation has made it about posing not poses. Others think it fills a spiritual vacuum in the irreligious West, where navel-gazing is not a tricky yoga move. Devotees defend its health benefits and positive messages of love, compassion and serenity. A noble position to take. 
(https://espresso.economist.com, 03.03.2018. Adaptado.)

According to the text, yoga

The challenges of identifying the causes of terrorism

[1]       The causes of terrorism seem almost impossible for anyone to define. Here's why: they change
[2]  over time. Listen to terrorists in different periods and you'll hear different explanations. Then, listen to
[3]  the scholars who explain terrorism. Their ideas change over time too, as new trends in academic
[4]  thinking take hold. Many writers begin statements about "the causes of terrorism" as if terrorism were a
[5]  scientific phenomenon whose characteristics are fixed for all time, like the 'causes' of a disease, or the
[6]  'causes' of rock formations.
[7]        Terrorism isn't a natural phenomenon though. It is the name given by people about other
[8]  people's actions in the social world. Both terrorists and terrorism's explainers are influenced by
[9]  dominant trends in political and scholarly thought. Terrorists—people who threaten or use violence
[10]  against civilians with the hope of changing the status quo—perceive the status quo in ways that accord
[11]  with the era they live in. People who explain terrorism are also influenced by prominent trends in their
[12]  professions. These trends change over time.
[13]      Even if it is uncomfortable to think of people who do terrible things to innocent people as part of
[14]  our same world, I believe it is important to try.
[15]      People who have chosen terrorism in the last century have been influenced by the same broad
[16]  trends that we all have. The difference is, they chose violence as a response.
[17]  1920S - 1930S: SOCIALISM AS A CAUSE: socialism was becoming a dominant way for many people
[18]  to explain the political and economic injustice they saw developing in capitalist societies, and for
[19]  defining a solution. Millions of people expressed their commitment to a socialist future without violence,
[20]  but a small number of people in the world thought violence was necessary.
[21]  1950S - 1980S: NATIONALISM AS A CAUSE: terrorist violence in these years reflected the post-World
[22]  War II trend in which previously suppressed populations committed violence against states that had not
[23]  given them a voice in the political process. Algerian terrorism against French rule; Basque violence
[24]  against the Spanish state; Kurdish actions against Turkey; the Black Panthers and Puerto Rican
[25]  militants in the United States all sought a version of independence from oppressive rule.
[26]  1980S - TODAY: RELIGIOUS JUSTIFICATIONS AS A CAUSE: economic dislocations because of the
[27]  Gulf War in the 1990s caused many Palestinian, Egyptian and other men working in the Persian Gulf to
[28]  lose their jobs. When they returned home, they found women had assumed their roles in households
[29]  and jobs. Religious conservatism, including the idea that women should be modest and not work, took
[30]  hold in this atmosphere. In this way, both West and East saw a rise in fundamentalism in the 1990s.
[31]  FUTURE: ENVIRONMENT AS A CAUSE: new terrorism forms and new explanations are underway,
[32]  however. These are often environmental in nature. Some predict the rise of 'green' terrorism in Europeviolent
[33]  sabotage on behalf of environmental policy. Animal rights activists have also revealed a fringe
[34]  violent edge. Just as in earlier eras, these forms of violence mimic the dominant concerns of our time
[35]  across the political spectrum.
Adapted from:< https://www.thoughtco.com/why-are-the-causes-of-terrorism-so-hard-to-identify-3209054> Acessed on: August 22nd, 2017.

The pronouns they (line 01), their (line 03), it (line 07) and they (line 11) respectively correspond to

TEXTO:

  Harvesting organs from animals may provide the
solution to the shortfall of human donors. However, two
technical obstacles need to be overcome before
animal-human transplants can become a medical
[5] reality. One is that human immune systems often reject
foreign tissue. The second problem comes from the
risk of disease transfer.
  According to George Church of Harvard Medical
School, genetically engineering pigs may provide the
[10] key to overcoming this second problem. Due to their
size, pigs are natural candidates for animal-human
transplants, but their DNA is naturally rife with
dangerous PERVs, or porcine endogenous
retroviruses. An innovative gene-editing technique
[15] known as CRISPER has the capacity to identify and
delete specific sequences out of the genome. Upon
discovering that a single porcine gene enables PERVs
to infect human hosts, Dr. Church and his colleagues
turned CRISPER against the culprit. Initial results
[20] suggest that this procedure may be a success,
preventing human infection without compromising the
pig cells.

HARVESTING. Disponível em: <www.newsweek.com/end-humanorgan-shortages-and-other-science-breakthroughs-386132>. Acesso em: 13 maio 2018. Adaptado

Considering the possibility of using pigs’ organs for transplants in humans, the researchers feel

TEXTO:

  Building muscle might have you looking and feeling fitter and more toned, but those changes may not be so
obvious when you hop on the scale. That’s because muscle is denser than fat, and one pound of fat takes
up about four times as much space as muscle. “If the mirror is looking good, but the scale isn’t necessarily changing,
what you’re really doing is changing the composition of your body,” says Nick Tuminello, a personal trainer and author
[5] of Strength Training for Fat Loss. And that’s a great thing! You’re losing fat and gaining muscle, which resistance
training does more effectively than endurance training, according to recent research.
  Exercise, including resistance training, is essential for general health, weight loss, and weight maintenance, but
don’t forget that diet is No. 1 when it comes to weight loss. Research shows that a combination of diet and exercise is
the way to go for sustaining it. “Pay attention to your diet to better reveal your shape and use strength training to
[10] improve that shape,” Tuminello says. Besides, the benefits of a healthy diet and daily exercise go way beyond just
weight loss. So rather than getting hung up on numbers — especially if it’s causing you to obsess and step on the
scale every single day — ditch the weigh-ins and focus on how your clothes fit and how you feel. Your mental health
will thank you.

BUILDING MUSCLE. Disponível em: <https://greatist.com/move/strength-training-a-beginners-guide>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2018.

The conjunction “Besides” (l. 10) is synonymous with

TEXTO I

 

A Free World-class Education for Anyone Anywhere

    The Khan Academy is an organization on a mission. We're a notfor- profit with the goal of changing education for the better by providing a free world-class education to anyone anywhere. All of the site's resources are available to anyone. The Khan Academy's materials and resources are available to you completely free of charge.

Disponível em: www.khanacademy.org. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2012 (adaptado)

 

TEXTO II

 

    I didn't have a problem with Khan Academy site until very recently. For me, the problem is the way Khan Academy is being promoted. The way the media sees it as “revolutionizing education”. The way people with power and money view education as simply “sit-and-get”. If your philosophy of education is “sit-and-get”, i.e., teaching is telling and learning is listening, then Khan Academy is way more efficient than classroom lecturing. Khan Academy does it better. But TRUE progressive educators, TRUE education visionaries and revolutionaries don’t want to do these things better. We want to DO BETTER THINGS.

Disponível em: http://fnoschese.wordpress.com. Acesso em: 2 mar. 2012.

 

Como o impacto das tecnologias e a ampliação das redes sociais, consumidores encontram na internet possibilidades de opinar sobre serviços oferecidos.

 

Nesse sentido, o segundo texto, que é um comentário sobre o site divulgado no primeiro, apresenta a intenção do autor de