Questões de Inglês

TEXTO:

    You need a healthy immune system to help fight
off infections and disease, and believe it or not, the
right kind of stress can actually help your body’s
defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress
[5] causes you to make hormones that battle threats to
your health. And this kind of stress is particularly
effective when at the early stages of an illness, when
your body needs help the most.
    Now, it is true your immune system can only
[10] handle so much stress: if it lasts too long, these
hormones can overwhelm your body and actually
decrease your immunity. But that initial burst of stress
is an asset to your immune system when you’re the
most vulnerable, right when your body faces a threat.
Disponível em: <www.eatingwell.com/article/16296/the-13-biggetsnutrition-and-food-myths-busted/>. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2018. Adaptado

TEXTO:

    You need a healthy immune system to help fight
off infections and disease, and believe it or not, the
right kind of stress can actually help your body’s
defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress
[5] causes you to make hormones that battle threats to
your health. And this kind of stress is particularly
effective when at the early stages of an illness, when
your body needs help the most.
    Now, it is true your immune system can only
[10] handle so much stress: if it lasts too long, these
hormones can overwhelm your body and actually
decrease your immunity. But that initial burst of stress
is an asset to your immune system when you’re the
most vulnerable, right when your body faces a threat.
Disponível em: <www.eatingwell.com/article/16296/the-13-biggetsnutrition-and-food-myths-busted/>. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2018. Adaptado

TEXTO:

    It is said that your body can’t use the protein from
beans unless you eat them with rice. Proteins — which
our bodies need to make everything from new muscle
to hormones — are made up of different combinations
[5] of 20 amino acids. Thing is, our bodies can make only
11 of these amino acids; we must get the other nine
from food. Animal-based protein-rich foods like eggs
and meat provide all nine of these “essential” amino
acids, but nearly all plant foods are low in at least one.
[10]     Experts used to say that to get what your body
needs to make proteins, you needed to pair plant-based
foods with complementary sets of amino acids — like
rice and beans. Now they know that you don’t have to
eat those foods at the same meal. “If you get a variety

[15] of foods throughout the day, they all go into the ‘basket’
of amino acids that are available for the body to use,”
says Winston J. Craig, Ph.D., R.D., nutrition department
chair at Andrews University in Berrien Springs,
Michigan.
www.eatingwell.com/article/16296/the-13-biggets-nutrition-and-foodmyths- busted/. Adaptado.

TEXTO:

    Stem cell therapy has been suggested as a
possible future treatment for hair loss for years.Although
various methods of generating skin tissue have already
been developed, their ability to imitate the real thing
[5] falls short.
    A cure for baldness has moved a step closer after
skin was created in the lab, complete with hair follicles.
Using stem cells from mice, scientists grew both the
upper and lower layers, known as the epidermis and
[10] dermis respectively, for the first time. Professor Karl
Koehler, of Indiana University, originally began using
pluripotent stem cells — which can turn into any
organ — to create tiny versions of the inner ear, known
as ‘organoids’. But his team discovered they were
[15] generating skin cells in addition to inner ear tissue —
so they decided to try to coax them into sprouting hair
follicles.
    The research published in Cell Reports found a
single skin ‘bud’ developed in culture can give rise to
[20] both the epidermis and dermis. This allows hair follicles
to form the same way as they would in a mouse’s body.
“The skin develops as a spherical cyst and then the
hair follicles grow outward in all directions — like
dandelion seeds,” said Professor Koehler.
[25]     The new skin model more closely resembles
natural hair than any previous treatment. It could also
prove useful for testing drugs and reduce the practice
of animal testing as well as shedding fresh light on hair
growth.
Disponível em: <https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/899149/ Baldness-cure-stem-cells-mice-skin-lab>. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2018. Adaptado

TEXTO:

  British scientists have developed a lightweight and
highly sensitive brain imaging device that can be worn
as a helmet, allowing the patient to move about naturally.
Results from tests of the scanner showed that patients
[5] were able to stretch, nod and even drink tea or play
table tennis while their brain activity was being
recorded, millisecond by millisecond, by the
magnetoencephalography (MEG) system.
  Researchers who developed the device said they
[10] hoped the new scanner would improve research and
treatment for patients who can’t use traditional fixed
MEG scanners, such as children with epilepsy, babies,
or patients with disorders like Parkinson’s disease.
Current MEG scanners are cumbersome and weigh
[15] as much as half a ton, partly because the sensors they
use to measure the brain’s magnetic field need to be
kept very cold - at minus 269 degrees Celsius, Barnes’
team explained. They also run into difficulties when
patients are unable to stay very still — very young

[20] children or patients with movement disorders for
example — since even a 5-millimeter movement can
mean the images are unusable.
  In the helmet scanner, the researchers overcame
these problems by using quantum sensors, which are
[25] lightweight, work at room temperature and can be
placed directly onto scalp — increasing the amount of
signal they are able to pick up. Moreover, the wearable
scanner offers new possibilities in measuring peoples’
brain function during real world tasks and social
[30] interactions. “This has significant potential for impact
on our understanding of not only healthy brain function
but also on a range of neurological, neurodegenerative
and mental health conditions.”

KELLAND, Kate. Disponível em: <https://www.reuters.com/article/ushealth-brain-scanner-in-a-helmet-idUSKBN1GX2NZ>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2018.

TEXTO:

  We should eat at least two portions of fish, one
oily, a week according to the Department of Health
guidelines first issued in 1994. This was based on a
review of scientific evidence that related fish
[5] consumption inversely to coronary heart disease.
  The focus on oily fish and omega 3s is thought to
date back to the Seventies when researchers observed
that Inuit and Eskimo populations ate a lot of fish and
also had among the lowest rates of heart attacks, says
[10] Professor Sanders. The theory was that diets high in
omega 3 could block the effects of thromboxane, a
hormone in the blood, reducing the risk of clots. The
Inuits and Eskimos were also found to get a lot of
nosebleeds, suggesting their blood clotted less readily.
[15]   No studies have proven clearly that we need one
portion of oily fish a week. One of the few studies to do
so, the DART study in 1989, concluded that two or three
portions of fatty fish a week may reduce mortality in
men after a heart attack. But when they tried to test
[20] this finding in a larger study, it couldn’t be replicated.
“Eating oily fish once a week is associated with a lower
risk of cardiovascular disease, but it is difficult to
attribute this to the relatively small amounts of omega
3 provided by a single serving,” says Professor Sanders.
[25]   And a Cochrane Review in 2004 that looked at
heart benefits concluded: “It is not clear that dietary or
supplemental omega 3 alter total mortality, combined
cardiovascular events or cancers in people with, or at
high risk of, cardiovascular disease or in the general
[30] population.”

WE SHOULD EAT...Disponível em: www.dailymail.co.uk/health/ article-4287222/Exposed-truth-great-health-myths.html. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2018.