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   09     a bar of soap transmit infection?

  Are there any health risks to using a communal bar of soap? No. Bar soap does not appear to transmit diseases. The most rigorous study of this question was published in 1965.

  Scientists conducted a series of experiments in which they intentionally contaminated their hands with about five billion bacteria. The bacteria were disease-causing strains, such as Staphylococcus and E. coli. The scientists then washed their hands with a bar of soap and had a second person wash with the same bar of soap. They found that bacteria were not transferred to the second user.

  The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing with soap as the primary defence against infection and gives the same approval to bar soap as it does to liquid soap. Therefore, the only mistake one could make would be not to wash one’s hands because of an unfounded fear of contamination.
(Richard Klasco. www.nytimes.com, 22.06.2018. Adaptado.)

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   09     a bar of soap transmit infection?

  Are there any health risks to using a communal bar of soap? No. Bar soap does not appear to transmit diseases. The most rigorous study of this question was published in 1965.

  Scientists conducted a series of experiments in which they intentionally contaminated their hands with about five billion bacteria. The bacteria were disease-causing strains, such as Staphylococcus and E. coli. The scientists then washed their hands with a bar of soap and had a second person wash with the same bar of soap. They found that bacteria were not transferred to the second user.

  The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing with soap as the primary defence against infection and gives the same approval to bar soap as it does to liquid soap. Therefore, the only mistake one could make would be not to wash one’s hands because of an unfounded fear of contamination.
(Richard Klasco. www.nytimes.com, 22.06.2018. Adaptado.)

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   09     a bar of soap transmit infection?

  Are there any health risks to using a communal bar of soap? No. Bar soap does not appear to transmit diseases. The most rigorous study of this question was published in 1965.

  Scientists conducted a series of experiments in which they intentionally contaminated their hands with about five billion bacteria. The bacteria were disease-causing strains, such as Staphylococcus and E. coli. The scientists then washed their hands with a bar of soap and had a second person wash with the same bar of soap. They found that bacteria were not transferred to the second user.

  The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing with soap as the primary defence against infection and gives the same approval to bar soap as it does to liquid soap. Therefore, the only mistake one could make would be not to wash one’s hands because of an unfounded fear of contamination.
(Richard Klasco. www.nytimes.com, 22.06.2018. Adaptado.)

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Heading the soccer ball may be bad for young brains

    The question of whether young children should use their heads on the soccer field has been a debatable one in recent years. In 2015, U.S. Youth Soccer, the organization that oversees most of the American leagues for children and teenagers, announced a ban on heading in games and practices by participants younger than 11, citing concerns that the play might contribute to brain concussions.
    In response, some soccer authorities pointed out that young players would be late to learn an essential soccer skill and that concussions from heading are rare in that age group.
    Now a study presented last month at the annual convention of the American College of Sports Medicine may help quell doubts about the current regulations, which went into effect in 2016.
(Gretchen Reynolds. www.nytimes.com, 19.06.2018. Adaptado.)

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Plastic-eating bacteria discovered by student could help solve global pollution crisis

    A student may have found a solution to one of the world’s most urgent environmental crises – breeding bacteria capable of “eating” plastic and potentially breaking it down into harmless by-products. The microbes degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – one of the world’s most common plastics, used in clothing, drinks bottles and food packaging. It takes centuries to break down, in the meantime doing untold damage to its surroundings.
    Morgan Vague, who is studying biology at Reed College in Oregon, said the process could play a “big part” of solutions to the planet’s plastic problem, which sees millions of tonnes dumped in landfill and oceans every year. Around 300 million tonnes of plastic is discarded each year, and only about 10 per cent of it is recycled.
    She began hunting for microbes adapted to degrade plastic in the soil and water around refineries in her hometown of Houston. Taking her samples back to college in Portland, Oregon, Ms Vague began testing around 300 strains of bacteria for lipase, a fat-digesting enzyme potentially capable of breaking down plastic and making it palatable for the bacteria. She identified 20 strains of bacteria that produced lipase, and of those, three that boasted high levels of the enzyme. Next, she put the three microbes, one of which appears to have been previously undiscovered, on a forced diet of PET she cut from strips of water bottles. She was stunned to find the bacteria worked to digest the plastic.
(Tom Embury-Dennis. www.independent.co.uk, 30.06.2018. Adaptado.)

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Plastic-eating bacteria discovered by student could help solve global pollution crisis

    A student may have found a solution to one of the world’s most urgent environmental crises – breeding bacteria capable of “eating” plastic and potentially breaking it down into harmless by-products. The microbes degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – one of the world’s most common plastics, used in clothing, drinks bottles and food packaging. It takes centuries to break down, in the meantime doing untold damage to its surroundings.
    Morgan Vague, who is studying biology at Reed College in Oregon, said the process could play a “big part” of solutions to the planet’s plastic problem, which sees millions of tonnes dumped in landfill and oceans every year. Around 300 million tonnes of plastic is discarded each year, and only about 10 per cent of it is recycled.
    She began hunting for microbes adapted to degrade plastic in the soil and water around refineries in her hometown of Houston. Taking her samples back to college in Portland, Oregon, Ms Vague began testing around 300 strains of bacteria for lipase, a fat-digesting enzyme potentially capable of breaking down plastic and making it palatable for the bacteria. She identified 20 strains of bacteria that produced lipase, and of those, three that boasted high levels of the enzyme. Next, she put the three microbes, one of which appears to have been previously undiscovered, on a forced diet of PET she cut from strips of water bottles. She was stunned to find the bacteria worked to digest the plastic.
(Tom Embury-Dennis. www.independent.co.uk, 30.06.2018. Adaptado.)